''Mesoclemmys'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of South American

turtle Turtles are reptiles of the order (biology), order Testudines, characterized by a special turtle shell, shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Crypt ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Chelidae Chelidae is one of three living families of the turtle suborder Pleurodira, and are commonly called Austro-South American side-neck turtles. The family is distributed in Australia, New Guinea, parts of Indonesia, and throughout most of South Amer ...

Species

Species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

include: * ''

Mesoclemmys dahli Dahl's toad-headed turtle (''Mesoclemmys dahli'') is a medium-sized species of side-necked turtle in the family Chelidae. This critically endangered freshwater turtle is endemic to northern Colombia, where it lives in small pools, streams, and ...

'' ( Zangerl &

Medem The Medem () is a river of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Elbe, into which it flows near Otterndorf. See also *List of rivers of Lower Saxony All rivers in the German state of Lower Saxony flow directly or indirectly into ...

, 1958) – Dahl's toad-headed turtleZangerl, R.; Medem, F. (1958). "A New Species of Chelid Turtle, ''Phrynops'' (''Batrachemys'') ''dahli'', from Colombia". ''Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College'' 119: 375–390 * ''

Mesoclemmys gibba ''Mesoclemmys gibba'', known as the toadhead turtle or gibba turtle, is a small side necked turtle found in a wide area of South America, in Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, Paraguay, and parts of Brazil. References ...

'' ( Schweigger, 1812) – Gibba turtleSchweigger, A.F. (1812). "''Prodromus Monographia Cheloniorum auctore Schweigger'' ". ''Königsberger Archiv Naturwissenschaft und Mathematik'' 1: 271–368, 406–462. (in Latin). * ''

Mesoclemmys heliostemma ''Mesoclemmys raniceps'' is a side-necked turtle found in the Amazon basin and Orinoco basin. Little is known about the turtle's life cycle, but there is evidence that the females can lay a clutch of 4-8 eggs several times in the year. Males a ...

'' ( McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Lamar, 2001) * ''

Mesoclemmys jurutiensis ''Mesoclemmys'' is a genus of South American turtles in the Family (biology), family Chelidae. Species Species include: * ''Mesoclemmys dahli'' (species:Rainer Zangerl, Zangerl & Friedrich Johann Graf von Medem, Medem, 1958) – Dahl's toad-head ...

'' Cunha, Sampaio, Carneiro &

Vogt An , sometimes simply advocate, (German, ), or (French, ), was a type of medieval office holder, particularly important in the Holy Roman Empire, who was delegated some of the powers and functions of a major feudal lord, or for an institutio ...

, 2021 * ''

Mesoclemmys nasuta ''Mesoclemmys nasuta'' is a species of turtle that lives in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Brazil and the Guyanas (north-eastern South America). A study found that this Durophagy, durophagous species (feeding on hard-shelled animals) had the highest b ...

'' (Schweigger, 1812) * ''

Mesoclemmys perplexa ''Mesoclemmys perplexa'' is a species of turtle from Northeast Brazil The Northeast Region of Brazil ( ) is one of the five official and political regions of Brazil, regions of the country according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and ...

'' Bour & Zaher, 2005Bour, Roger; Zaher, Hussam (2005). "A new species of ''Mesoclemmys'', from the open formations of northeastern Brazil (Chelonii, Chelidae)". ''Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia'' 45: 295–311. * ''

Mesoclemmys raniceps ''Mesoclemmys raniceps'' is a side-necked turtle found in the Amazon basin and Orinoco basin. Little is known about the turtle's life cycle, but there is evidence that the females can lay a clutch of 4-8 eggs several times in the year. Males a ...

'' (

Gray Grey (more frequent in British English) or gray (more frequent in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning that it has no chroma. It is the color of a cloud-covered s ...

, 1856) – Amazon toad-headed turtleGray, John Edward (1856) ��1855” ''Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises)''. London: Trustees of the British Museum. (Taylor and Francis, printers). 79 pp. + Plates I–XLII. ublished March 1856 * ''

Mesoclemmys sabiniparaensis ''Mesoclemmys'' is a genus of South American turtles in the family Chelidae. Species Species include: * '' Mesoclemmys dahli'' ( Zangerl & Medem, 1958) – Dahl's toad-headed turtleZangerl, R.; Medem, F. (1958). "A New Species of Chelid Turtle, ...

'' Cunha, Sampaio, Carneiro, Vogt, Mittermeier, Rhodin &

Andrade Andrade (/ɐ̃ˈdɾa.d͡ʒi/ (Brazil), �̃ˈdɾa.ðɨ(Portugal), or �n̪ˈd̪ɾa.ð̞e(Spanish)) is a surname of Kingdom of Galicia, Galician origin, which emerged in the 12th century as the family name of the knights and lords of the sma ...

, 2022 * ''

Mesoclemmys tuberculata ''Mesoclemmys tuberculata'' is a species of turtle Turtles are reptiles of the order (biology), order Testudines, characterized by a special turtle shell, shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major ...

'' ( Luederwaldt, 1926) – Tuberculate toad-headed turtleLuederwaldt, Hermann (1926). "''Os chelonios brasileiros'' ". ''Revista Museo Paulista'' 14: 403–470. (in Portuguese). * ''

Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Vanderhaege's toad-headed turtle (''Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei'') is a species of turtle Turtles are reptiles of the order (biology), order Testudines, characterized by a special turtle shell, shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern ...

'' (Bour, 1973) – Vanderhaege's toad-headed turtleBour, Roger (1973). "''Contribution à la connaissance de ''Phrynops nasutus'' (Schweigger: 1812) et ''Phrynops tuberculatus'' (Luederwaldt: 1926). Description d’une nouvelle sous-espèce originaire du Paraguay, ''Phrynops tuberculatus vanderhaegei'' (Testudinata – Pleurodira – Chelidae)''". ''Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France'' 98 (1): 175–190. (in French). * '' Mesoclemmys zuliae'' ( Pritchard & Trebbau, 1984) – Zulia toad-headed turtlePritchard, Peter C.H.; Trebbau, Pedro (1984). ''

The Turtles of Venezuela ''The Turtles of Venezuela'' is an identification guide of the Testudines families that are found in Venezuela, written by zoologist Pedro Trebbau and herpetologist Peter Pritchard. It was originally published in English in 1984, by the Society ...

''. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Contributions in Herpetology No. 2. 403 pp. * †'' Mesoclemmys vanegasorum'' ( Cadena et al., 2020) –

La Victoria Formation The Honda Group (, Tsh, Ngh) is a geological group of the Upper and Middle Magdalena Basins and the adjacent Central and Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The group, in older literature also defined as formation, is in its present-day ty ...

Laventan The Laventan () age is a period of geologic time (13.8 to 11.8 Ma) within the Middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Colloncuran and precedes the Mayoan age. ...

Colombia ''

Nota bene ( ; plural: ) is the Latin language, Latin phrase meaning ''note well''. In manuscripts, ''nota bene'' is abbreviated in upper-case as NB and N.B., and in lower-case as n.b. and nb; the editorial usages of ''nota bene'' and ''notate bene'' fi ...

'': A

binomial authority In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, altho ...

in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Mesoclemmys''.

References

Turtle genera Taxa named by John Edward Gray {{Turtle-stub