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Tardiness is the
habit A habit (or wont, as a humorous and formal term) is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously. A 1903 paper in the '' American Journal of Psychology'' defined a "habit, from the standpoint of psychology, ...
of being late or delaying arrival. Being late as a form of
misconduct Misconduct is wrongful, improper, or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated or intentional purpose or by obstinate indifference to the consequences of one's acts. It is an act which is forbidden or a failure to do that which is required. Misc ...
may be formally punishable in various arrangements, such as workplace, school, etc. An opposite
personality Personality is any person's collection of interrelated behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life. These interrelated patterns are relatively stable, but can change over long time per ...
trait is
punctuality __NOTOC__ Punctuality is the characteristic of completing a required task or fulfilling an obligation before or at a previously designated time based on job requirements and or daily operations. "Punctual" is often used synonymously with "on ti ...
.


Workplace tardiness


United States

Workplace tardiness is one
attendance Attendance is the concept of people, individually or as a group, appearing at a location for a previously scheduled event. Measuring attendance is a significant concern for many organizations, which can use such information to gauge the effective ...
issue, along with the absence from work and failure to properly notify about absence or being late. To be at work on time is an implied obligation unless stated otherwise. It is a legal reason for discharge in cases when it is a demonstrable disregard of duty: repeated tardiness without compelling reasons, tardiness associated with other misconduct, and single inexcusable tardiness resulted in grave loss of employer's interests. If tardiness is minor or without interference with employer's operations, it is not to be legally considered as misconduct.


Characteristics of tardy people

Diana DeLonzor in her book ''Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged'' classified habitually tardy people into seven categories: *a "rationalizer" insists on blaming the circumstances instead of acknowledging responsibility for tardiness. *a "producer" tries to do as much as possible in time available and as a result has difficulties with too tight schedules. *a "deadliner" enjoys the adrenaline rush during the attempts to beat the time target. *an "indulger" has little self-control. *for a "rebel" running late is defying the authority and the rules. *an "
absent-minded professor The absent-minded professor is a stock character of popular fiction, usually portrayed as a talented academic whose academic brilliance is accompanied by below-par functioning in other areas, leading to forgetfulness and mistakes. One explanati ...
". *an "evader" puts a higher priority to their own needs compared to being on time. Many people who struggle with tardiness might have
ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple ...
, OCD, or another condition that forces them into tardiness.


Ethnic stereotypes

There are several stereotypes that attribute tardiness to certain cultures.
African time African time (or Africa time) is the perceived cultural tendency in parts of Africa and the Caribbean toward a more relaxed attitude to time. This is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, about tardiness in appointments, meetings and events. This ...
is the perceived cultural tendency toward a more relaxed attitude to time among Africans both in Africa and abroad. It is generally used in a
pejorative A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hosti ...
and racist sense about tardiness in appointments, meetings, and events.
CP Time African time (or Africa time) is the perceived cultural tendency in parts of Africa and the Caribbean toward a more relaxed attitude to time. This is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, about tardiness in appointments, meetings and events. This ...
(from "Colored People's Time") is a dated American expression similarly referring to a stereotype of African Americans as frequently being late. "Fiji Time" is a local saying in
Fiji Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about ...
to refer to the habit of tardiness and the slow pace on the island, and the term is widely used by tourist focused businesses both in advertising and products and souvenirs. "Filipino Time" refers to the perceived habitual tardiness of Filipinos. It bears similarities with "African Time" and "CP Time" and the term is usually used in a pejorative sense as one of the defining negative traits of the Filipino. Filipino theologian José M. De Mesa pointed out that the widespread acceptance of "Filipino Time" as one of the traits that defines the Filipino is an example of successful internalization of the negative image of Filipinos as perceived by the Spanish and American colonizers. He argued that the persistence of this colonial self-image among Filipinos contributed to the weakening of their corporate cultural self and to the undermining of their growth, as it compelled many Filipinos to reject themselves and to be ashamed of their identity. He also noted that a local theologian was surprised to discover that many of the writings concerning Filipino self-identity mostly focused on the negative and disparaging traits such as "Filipino time", which is an evidence of the seeming penchant of Filipinos for
self-flagellation Self-flagellation is the disciplinary and devotional practice of Flagellation, flogging oneself with whips or other instruments that inflict pain. In Christianity, self-flagellation is practiced in the context of the doctrine of the mortification ...
. Some sources identify the origins of the Filipino's lack of punctuality to the Spanish colonial period, as arriving late was considered to be a sign of status back then, as depicted in a scene in Chapter 22 of
José Rizal José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is popularly considered a na ...
's novel El Filibusterismo. An alternative interpretation of "Filipino time" sets aside its negative connotations by considering the very concept as an example case of the unsuccessful attempt at imposing Western cultural standards (such as the notion of "time") on Filipino and other non-Western cultures and thus as a successful tool of national resistance. In some cases, however, this tardiness can be deliberately used as a form of showcasing power. The 1976
National Artist of the Philippines The Order of National Artists of the Philippines ( Tagalog: ''Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas'') is an order bestowed by the President of the Philippines on Philippine nationals who have made significant contributions to ...
for Literature
Nick Joaquin Nicomedes "Nick" Marquez Joaquin (; May 4, 1917 – April 29, 2004) was a Filipino writer and journalist best known for his short story, short stories and novels in the English language. He also wrote using the pen name Quijano de Manila. Joaq ...
challenged the narrative of Spanish colonial roots of "Filipino time", instead identifying its origins in the pre-colonial culture of timelessness before the introduction of the "foreign tyrant clock" during the Spanish era, and thus to the local resistance against the transition from the pre-colonial clockless society to the foreign-imposed clock-based culture. Another related term is the "
mañana habit Mañana may refer to: People *Àngel Mañana (born 1985), Spanish-born Equatoguinean basketball player Music * "Mañana (Is Soon Enough for Me)", a 1947 song written by Peggy Lee and Dave Barbour * "Mañana", a 1972 hit for the Bay City Rollers ...
" (; sometimes informally called as ''mamaya na'') which denotes procrastination of Filipinos to do work or an activity ''mamaya na'' (later). Mañana attitude: The lax attitude to time is also attributed to
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...
and the
procrastination Procrastination is the act of unnecessarily delaying or postponing something despite knowing that there could be negative consequences for doing so. It is a common human experience involving delays in everyday chores or even putting off tasks such ...
is described by the euphemism "Mañana!", which literally means "tomorrow", but, as a joke goes, it is "anytime between tomorrow and never". In March 2007 the government of
Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...
announced the campaign, "La Hora sin Demora," or "Time without Delay" to combat the lateness habit known in the country as "hora peruana," or "Peruvian time". The habit of being late of former President of Peru,
Alejandro Toledo Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique (; born 28 March 1946) is a Peruvian former politician who served as President of Peru, from 2001 to 2006. He gained international prominence after leading the opposition against president Alberto Fujimori, w ...
was known as "
Cabana A cabana is a type of shelter often found near beaches or pools. A cabana can be used to relax in the shade or change clothes. A cabana bathroom is a bathroom attached to a building or a house that is commonly used by swimmers and beachgoers. ...
time" after his place of birth. A term was coined, "Mañanaland", and used in several titles, e.g., ''Mañanaland'' (2020) by
Pam Muñoz Ryan Pam Muñoz Ryan (born December 25, 1951) is an American writer for children and young adults, particularly in the multicultural genre. Biography Muñoz Ryan was born in Bakersfield, California. She is half Mexican with Basque, Italian, and Okla ...
, ''The Gringo in Mañanaland'' (1995) by
DeeDee Halleck DeeDee Halleck (born January 5, 1940) is a media activist, founder of Paper Tiger Television and co-founder of Deep Dish Television, the first grass roots community television network. She is a Professor Emerita in the Department of Communication ...
, ''Mañanaland; adventuring with camera and rifle through California in Mexico'' (1928) by John Cudahy, ''A Gringo in Mañana-Land'' (1924) by Harry L. Foster, or ''Stories from Mañana Land'' (1922) by May Carr Hanley. Other terms referring to a loose attitude to time include "Hawaiian time" and "island time","The chronically late have their reasons, but the price can be high"
By KRISTIN DIZON, ''SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER REPORTER'', November 17, 2003 (retrieved March 25 2016)
as well as "
Desi Desi ( or or ; Hindustani language, Hindustani: देसी , , ) also Deshi, is a loose term used to describe the ethnic groups in South Asia, peoples, culture of South Asia, cultures, and products of the Indian subcontinent and their Sout ...
Standard Time" and "NDN time".


See also

*
Absenteeism Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation without good reason. Generally, absenteeism refers to unplanned absences. Absenteeism has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance, as well as a breach of an ...
*
Procrastination Procrastination is the act of unnecessarily delaying or postponing something despite knowing that there could be negative consequences for doing so. It is a common human experience involving delays in everyday chores or even putting off tasks such ...
*
Time management Time management is the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities—especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency and productivity. Time management involves demands relating to work, social ...
*
Tardiness (scheduling) In scheduling, tardiness is a measure of a delay in executing certain operations and earliness is a measure of finishing operations before due time. The operations may depend on each other and on the availability of equipment to perform them. Typi ...


References

{{reflist Misconduct Legal terminology Time management