''Matthiola'' () is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of flowering plant in the mustard family

Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or (the older but equally valid) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important Family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous pla ...

. It is named after Italian naturalist

Pietro Andrea Mattioli Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli (; 12 March 1501– ) was a doctor and naturalist born in Siena. His most important work was a commentary on the medicinal plants of Pedanius Dioscorides first published in 1544 which was translated into several la ...

(1501–1577). The genus contains about 50 species of annual, biennial and

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

herbaceous plants and

subshrub A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or undershrub is either a small shrub (e.g. prostrate shrubs) or a perennial that is largely herbaceous but slightly woody at the base (e.g. garden pink and florist's chrysanthemum). The term is often interch ...

s.Jaén-Molina, R., et al. (2009
The molecular phylogeny of ''Matthiola'' R. Br.(Brassicaceae) inferred from ITS sequences, with special emphasis on the Macaronesian endemics.
''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 53(3) 972–81.''Matthiola''.
Flora of China.Sanchez, J. L., et al. (2005)
Genetic differentiation of three species of ''Matthiola'' (Brassicaceae) in the Sicilian insular system.
''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 253(1–4) 81–93. Many are cultivated for their heavily scented, colorful flowers. The common name stock may be applied to the whole genus, more specifically to

varieties Variety may refer to: Arts and entertainment Entertainment formats * Variety (radio) * Variety show, in theater and television Films * ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont * ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...

and

cultivar A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...

s of ''

Matthiola incana ''Matthiola incana'' is a species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. Common names include Brompton stock, common stock, hoary stock, ten-week stock, and gilly-flower. The common name stock usually refers to this species, thou ...

''. The

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...

s evening stock and night-scented stock are applied to varieties of '' Matthiola longipetala'' (syn. ''M. bicornis''). The common name Virginia stock refers to a separate genus of the same family ('' Malcolmia maritima'').

Species

The following species are accepted: *'' Matthiola afghanica'' Rech.f. & Köie *'' Matthiola anchoniifolia'' Hub.-Mor. *'' Matthiola arabica'' Boiss. *'' Matthiola aspera'' Boiss. *'' Matthiola boissieri'' Grossh. *'' Matthiola bolleana'' Webb ex Christ *'' Matthiola bucharica'' Czerniak. *'' Matthiola caspica'' (N.Busch) Grossh. *'' Matthiola chenopodiifolia'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. *'' Matthiola chorassanica'' Bunge ex Boiss. *'' Matthiola codringtonii'' Rech.f. *'' Matthiola crassifolia'' Boiss. & Gaill. *'' Matthiola czerniakowskae'' Botsch. & Vved. *'' Matthiola daghestanica'' (Conti) N.Busch *'' Matthiola damascena'' Boiss. *'' Matthiola dumulosa'' Boiss. & Buhse *'' Matthiola erlangeriana'' Engl. *'' Matthiola farinosa'' Bunge ex Boiss. *'' Matthiola flavida'' Boiss. *'' Matthiola fragrans'' (Fisch.) Bunge *'' Matthiola fruticulosa'' (L.) Maire – sad stock *'' Matthiola ghorana'' Rech.f. *'' Matthiola glutinosa'' Jafri *'' Matthiola graminea'' Rech.f. *''

'' (L.) W.T.Aiton – stock, hoary stock, gilly-flower *'' Matthiola integrifolia'' Kom. *'' Matthiola kralikii'' Pomel *'' Matthiola livida'' (Delile) DC. – desert stock *'' Matthiola longipetala'' (Vent.) DC. – night-scented stock *'' Matthiola lunata'' DC. *'' Matthiola macranica'' Rech.f. *'' Matthiola maderensis'' Lowe *'' Matthiola maroccana'' Coss. *'' Matthiola montana'' Boiss. *'' Matthiola obovata'' Bunge *'' Matthiola odoratissima'' (M.Bieb.) W.T.Aiton *'' Matthiola parviflora'' (Schousb.) W.T.Aiton *'' Matthiola perennis'' Conti *'' Matthiola perpusilla'' Rech.f. *'' Matthiola puntensis'' Hedge & A.G.Mill. *'' Matthiola revoluta'' Bunge ex Boiss. *'' Matthiola robusta'' Bunge *'' Matthiola scapifera'' Humbert *'' Matthiola shehbazii'' Ranjbar & Karami *'' Matthiola shiraziana'' Zeraatkar, Khosravi, F.Ghahrem., Al-Shehbaz & Assadi *'' Matthiola sinuata'' (L.) W.T.Aiton – sea stock *'' Matthiola spathulata'' Conti *'' Matthiola stoddartii'' Bunge *'' Matthiola superba'' Conti *'' Matthiola tatarica'' (Pall.) DC. *'' Matthiola taurica'' (Conti) Grossh. *'' Matthiola tianschanica'' Sarkisova *'' Matthiola tomentosa'' Bél. *'' Matthiola torulosa'' (Thunb.) DC. *'' Matthiola tricuspidata'' (L.) W.T.Aiton – three-horned stock *'' Matthiola trojana'' Dirmenci, Satil & Tümen

Gallery

File:Matthiola afghanica, Behbahan.jpg, alt=Wild Matthiola in Behbahan, Iran, Wild ''Matthiola'' in Behbahan,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

File:Matthiola afghanica II, Behbahan.jpg, alt=Wild Matthiola in Behbahan, Iran, Wild ''Matthiola'' in Behbahan, Iran

References

Bibliography

External links

''Matthiola''.
Flora of Pakistan.
JSTOR Plant Science entries
Brassicaceae genera {{Brassicales-stub