María Lozano Hernández (1909–1940) was a

Calé The Romani in Spain, generally known by the Endonym and exonym, endonym ''Calé'', or the Endonym and exonym, exonym (), belong to the Romani people#Romani subgroups, Iberian Romani subgroup known as Calé, with smaller populations in Portugal ...

libertarian activist. She was one of the first women to be shot by the

dictatorship of Francisco Franco Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death i ...

Biography

María was the daughter of Encarnación Hernández and Ramón Lozano. She was a member of the non-governmental organisation

Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista (), SIA, was a humanitarian organisation that existed in the Second Spanish Republic. It was politically aligned with the anarcho-syndicalist movement composed of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, CNT ...

(SIA), created by the

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo The (CNT; ) is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist national trade union center, trade union confederation. Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union ''Solidaridad Obrera (historical union), Solidaridad Obrera'', ...

(CNT) in

Valencia Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (r ...

in April 1937. In December 1939, Lozano was encarcerated in the , with a five-month-old son whose father was imprisoned in Santa Rita prison. The baby died of

bronchopneumonia Bronchopneumonia is a subtype of pneumonia. It is the acute inflammation of the Bronchus, bronchi, accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs. citing: Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition, Copyright 2014 ...

within a month of being with his imprisoned mother, in January 1940. Lozano was allowed to spend the night watching over her dead son before being executed the next day, the same day that Florentino Salcedo, the father of her son, was executed on the wall of the East Madrid Cemetery. She was one of the three thousand people executed and buried in the eastern necropolis of La Almudena cemetery in the first five years of repression after the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

References

1909 births 1940 deaths Anarchists executed by Francoist Spain Executed Spanish women People executed by Spain by firing squad People from Valladolid Romani activists Spanish anarchists Spanish anti-fascists Spanish Romani people Spanish women of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Calé people Romani anarchists {{Anarchist-stub

Biography

See also

References