Margarita Salaverría Galárraga (1911 – 7 December 2000) was Spain's first woman diplomat.

Biography and professional career

Margarita Salaverría Galárraga was born in Madrid in 1911, the daughter of feminist Amalia Galárraga and writer José María Salaverría. She attended the , then studied Law in Madrid. She was a study partner and friend of writer Emilio Garrigues Díaz-Cañabate. In 1933, at age 22, she was among the approved appointees to the Second Republic's diplomatic corps, becoming the first woman to complete its exams. The same year, she went on to work at the Ministry of State. Her name appeared on the list of candidates appointed third-class secretaries on 1 November 1933. On 30 July 1936 a Diplomatic Cabinet was created, whose purpose was to advise the . This cabinet comprised three first-class secretaries (José María Bermejo Gómez, Antonio de la Cierva y Lewita, and Vicente Taberna Latasa), six second-class secretaries (Gerardo Gasset y Neyra, Luis Roca de Togores y Pérez del Pulgar, Rafael Romero Ferrer, Antonio Villacieros Benito, Fernando Sebastián de Erice y O'Shea, and Manuel Orbea Biardeu) and one third-class secretary, a position that fell to Margarita Salaverría Galarraga. The speed of these appointments may be indicative of the confidence of the rebellious forces in the chosen persons, who could be considered faithful to the rebel cause. Salaverría Galárraga married fellow diplomat (and classmate) Jaime Argüelles Armada, one of the founders of

Banesto Banco Español de Crédito, S.A. (), “Spanish Credit Bank”) better known as Banesto, was a Spanish multinational financial services company. Prior to the Spanish Government's historical intervention in 1993, the first in the history of bank ...

. The couple had six children: Inés, Isabel, Jacobo, José, Margarita, and Pedro. During World War II, she was posted in London, where her husband was a trade advisor to the

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's team, and she worked as an embassy secretary. In 1961 she was promoted to third-class plenipotentiary minister. It was an exceptional case for a woman to have worked as a diplomat from the beginning of

Francoist Spain Francoist Spain (), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (), or Nationalist Spain () was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death i ...

. In 1970 she was promoted to second-class plenipotentiary minister. In the 1970s, together with her family, she moved to the United States, where her husband was the ambassador of Spain in Washington. Argüelles Armada died on 6 December 1995. In 1981 she was awarded the ''Banda de Dama'' of the

Order of Isabella the Catholic The Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic (; Abbreviation, Abbr.: OYC) is a knighthood and one of the three preeminent Order of merit, orders of merit bestowed by the Kingdom of Spain, alongside the Order of Charles III (established in 1771) and ...

by Royal Decree. Margarita Salaverría Galárraga died in Madrid on 7 December 2000. She is considered, together with Aline Griffith and Meye Allende de Maier, to be the muse of ''haute couture'' designer

Balenciaga Balenciaga SA ( , , ) is a Spanish Basque luxury fashion house currently headquartered in Paris. It designs, manufactures and markets ready-to-wear footwear, handbags, and accessories, and licenses its name and branding to the American cosmeti ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salaverria Galarraga, Margarita 1911 births 2000 deaths 20th-century diplomats People from Madrid Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic Spanish diplomats Spanish women diplomats