() is the highest rank in the
Turkish Land Forces
The Turkish Land Forces () is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The army was formed on November 8, 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant campaigns since the foun ...
and
Turkish Air Force
The Turkish Air Force () is the Air force, air and space force of the Turkish Armed Forces. It traces its origins to 1 June 1911 when it was founded as the Ottoman Aviation Squadrons, Aviation Squadrons by the Ottoman Empire. It was composed ...
. It is the equivalent of a
field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is the most senior military rank, senior to the general officer ranks. Usually, it is the highest rank in an army (in countries without the rank of Generalissimo), and as such, few persons a ...
in other countries.
The rank of can trace its origins to the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, where the rank of ''
Mushir'' () was bestowed upon senior commanders upon order of the ruling
Sultan
Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...
.
The word in Latin, had parts from the old-German words meaning horse and servant.
The rank of ''Mareşal'' can only be bestowed by the
National Assembly
In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
, and only given to a
general
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry.
In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ...
who leads an army, and/or air force with an extraordinary success in battle gaining a victory over the enemy.
The corresponding rank in the
Turkish Navy
The Turkish Naval Forces (), or Turkish Navy (), is the naval warfare service branch of the TAF.
The modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the ''Directorate o ...
is .
List of Turkish Marshals
Only two people were bestowed the rank to date, both for their successes in the
Turkish War of Independence
, strength1 = May 1919: 35,000November 1920: 86,000Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225August 1922: 271,000Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarih ...
.
See also
*
Military ranks of Turkey
The military ranks of Turkey are the military insignia used by the Turkish Armed Forces.
Special insignia
The Chief of the Turkish General Staff is allowed to wear special insignia.
Turkish Land Forces
Officer ranks
Other ranks
Turki ...
*
Military ranks of the Ottoman Empire
The military ranks of the Ottoman Empire may be visually identified by the military insignia used during the Military of the Ottoman Empire.
Army ranks Classic Army
* Agha (Ottoman Empire), Aghas were commanders of the different branches of th ...
*
List of field marshals of the Ottoman Empire
References
*
Military ranks of Turkey
Turkish words and phrases
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