Manuel Antonio Arredondo y Pelegrín was a Spanish judge, soldier and colonial administrator in

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

and

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

. Briefly in 1801 he was interim viceroy of Peru.

Biography

Arredondo arrived in Peru in 1779 as an ''oidor'' (judge) of the '' Audiencia'' of Lima. He witnessed firsthand the insurrection of

Túpac Amaru II Tupac Amaru II (born José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera, – 18 May 1781) was an Indigenous ''cacique'' who led a Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II, large Andean rebellion against the Viceroyalty of Peru, Spanish in Peru as Self-proclaimed monarc ...

, which broke out in November of the following year. Túpac Amaru was defeated in January 1781 and executed in May. In 1786 Arredondo was named regent of the Audiencia, and a short time later captain general (military commander) of the viceroyalty. In 1808 he was granted the title of marqués de San Juan Nepomuceno. Upon the death of Viceroy

Ambrosio O'Higgins Ambrosio Bernardo O'Higgins y O'Higgins, 1st Marquess of Osorno (c. 1720 – 19 March 1801) born Ambrose Bernard O'Higgins (''Ambrós Bearnárd Ó hUiginn'', in Irish), was an Irish-Spanish colonial administrator and a member of the O'Higgins f ...

in Lima on March 19, 1801, Arredondo took office as interim viceroy (by virtue of his position as head of the Audiencia). He was interim viceroy until November 5, 1801, when

Gabriel de Avilés, 2nd Marquis of Avilés In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam), Gabriel ( ) is an archangel with the power to announce God's will to mankind, as the messenger of God. He is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the New Testament and the Quran. Many Chris ...

arrived and took over the government. The revolt of Túpac Amaru was not the only one Arredondo faced during the time he was an administrator in Peru. A Revolution broken out in Quito on August 10, 1809 in response to the installation of Napoleon's brother Joseph as king of Spain the previous year. A governing junta (Quito's second) was installed, but the viceroy of Peru,

José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, 1st Marquess of Concordia, KOS (), (sometimes spelled ''Souza'') (June 3, 1743 in Oviedo, Asturias, Spain – June 30, 1821 in Madrid) was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator in America. Fr ...

sent Colonel Arredondo with a body of troops to suppress it. Quito (i.e., Ecuador) was not in the

Viceroyalty of Peru The Viceroyalty of Peru (), officially known as the Kingdom of Peru (), was a Monarchy of Spain, Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in ...

at this date, but rather in the

Viceroyalty of New Granada The Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada ( ), also called Viceroyalty of New Granada or Viceroyalty of Santa Fe, was the name given on 27 May 1717 to the jurisdiction of the Spanish Empire in northern South America, corresponding to modern ...

. Arredondo did suppress the insurrection, entering the city of Quito on November 24, 1809. The previous government was reestablished. It refused to honor the earlier promise of amnesty to the rebels and began to deal with them repressively. Arredondo was married twice, first to Juana Micheo Jiménez y Lobatón, then to Juana Erze, widow of Juan Fulgencio Apesteguía, Marquis de Torrehermosa, a wealthy landowner from Ica. The affair with Juana Erze had actually started before their respective spouses were deceased; the Apesteguías already had two daughters who were both physically unattractive and not very intelligent. Because of Apesteguía's sympathy with the independentist cause, Arredondo denounced him to his boss, Viceroy Abascal, who arrested Apesteguía and deported him to Spain, where he died. During Arredondo's marriage to Juana Erze his stepdaughters died, possibly as a result of poisoning, for which some blamed Arredondo, although nothing was ever proven. His second wife soon died as well, depressed due to her daughters' early deaths. Arredondo thus left no descendants, and his nephew Brigadier Manuel Arredondo y Miaño inherited the title but not the Montalván estate (originally property of the Marquis of Torrehermosa), which was confiscated by the independent government shortly after Antonio's death in 1821.

References

Brief biography

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arredondo y Pelegrin, Manuel Antonio Viceroys of Peru 1738 births 1822 deaths