Manuel Antonio Garretón (Santiago, May 23, 1943) is a

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

an sociologist, political scientist and essayist. He received the National Prize for Humanities and Social Sciences in 2007 for his lifetime contribution to the field.

Scholarly and academic career

Garretón studied

Sociology Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...

in the

Catholic University of Chile The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (UC Chile; ) is a traditional private university based in Santiago, Chile. It is one of the thirteen Catholic universities existing in Chilean university system and one of the two pontifical univers ...

and graduated in 1967. He received his PhD at the ''

École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (, EHESS) is a graduate ''grande école'' and '' grand établissement'' in Paris focused on academic research in the social sciences. The school awards Master and PhD degrees alone and conj ...

'' of Paris. He directed the Catholic University of Chile's Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Nacional (CEREN) from 1970 until its closing in 1973. He also edited CEREN's journal ''Cuadernos de la Realidad Nacional'' during those same years. In 1973, he was the Dean of the Area of Interdisciplinary Social Studies at the Catholic University. After the 1973 military coup, Garretón coordinated emergency groups in the social sciences in Chile. Between 1975 and 1995 he was at the Facultad de Ciencias Sociales (FACSO), Chile, as Research Professor. Since 1994 Garretón has been full professor at the Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, at the

University of Chile The University of Chile () is a public university, public research university in Santiago, Chile. It was founded on November 19, 1842, and inaugurated on September 17, 1843.

. Garretón has served as visiting professor at European, North, and South American universities, and as Director and Dean of numerous academic institutions. He was awarded the

Guggenheim Fellowship Guggenheim Fellowships are Grant (money), grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, endowed by the late Simon Guggenheim, Simon and Olga Hirsh Guggenheim. These awards are bestowed upon indiv ...

in 1983, and chosen as the

Simón Bolívar Professor of Latin-American Studies The Simón Bolívar Chair in Latin American Studies is a visiting professorship at Cambridge University, funded by the Venezuelan government. It is awarded to a distinguished Latin American scholar or other intellectual. The position is associated ...

at the

University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...

, UK, for 2012-13. He has acted as advisor and consultant to government and private institutions within Chile and internationally. He has also served on the board of several academic journals and has been a jury member for the award of research scholarships and fellowships. Garretón research and teaching has concentrated on

political sociology Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis. Interested in the social causes and consequences of how ...

democratization Democratization, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an democratic transition, authoritarian government to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction ...

state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

and

society A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. ...

authoritarian regimes Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and ...

, social actors and

social movements A social movement is either a loosely or carefully organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of ...

political parties A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or p ...

university A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

and

higher education Tertiary education (higher education, or post-secondary education) is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank defines tertiary education as including universities, colleges, and vocational schools ...

public opinion Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them. In the 21st century, public opinion is widely thought to be heavily ...

and social demands, culture and education, development of the

social sciences Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of society, societies and the Social relation, relationships among members within those societies. The term was former ...

political Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with decision-making, making decisions in social group, groups, or other forms of power (social and political), power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of Social sta ...

and

sociological theory A sociological theory is a that intends to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective,Macionis, John and Linda M. Gerber. 2010. ''Sociology'' (7th Canadian ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson ...

reform Reform refers to the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The modern usage of the word emerged in the late 18th century and is believed to have originated from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement, which ...

of the state and

public policies Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions to solve or address relevant and problematic social issues, guided by a conception and often implemented by programs. T ...

, and

modernization Modernization theory or modernisation theory holds that as societies become more economically modernized, wealthier and more educated, their political institutions become increasingly liberal democratic and rationalist. The "classical" theories ...

and society in

Latin America Latin America is the cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken, primarily Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geogr ...

. In 2015, the

Latin American Studies Association The Latin American Studies Association (LASA) is the largest association for scholars of Latin American studies. Founded in 1966, it has over 12,000 members, 45 percent of whom reside outside the United States (36 percent in Latin America and the ...

bestowed the Kalman H. Silvert award upon Garretón for his lifetime contribution to the study of Latin America.

Political life

Garretón entered political life as a student, and served as President of the Student Federation of the Catholic University of Chile in 1963–64. As a professor, he represented the faculty in the Superior Council of the Catholic University of Chile between 1970 and 1972.
Garretón was among the founders of the Grupo por la Renovación Socialista, and was one of its leaders in 1979–1985. Garretón was an executive of the Socialist Bloc between 1983 and 1985, was elected to the Socialist Party's Central Committee from 1985 to 1995, was a member of the Technical Committee for the ''Concertación de Partidos por el NO'', and of the ''Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia'' for the

plebiscite A referendum, plebiscite, or ballot measure is a direct vote by the electorate (rather than their representatives) on a proposal, law, or political issue. A referendum may be either binding (resulting in the adoption of a new policy) or adv ...

of 1988. In 1993, Garretón headed the Education Program of the electoral campaign of President Eduardo Frei.
Through publications, columns, interviews, in different fora and the mass media, Garretón intervenes actively in the political, intellectual and cultural debates of Chile and Latin America: in the opposition to military dictatorships, in the democratic transition and the new democratic era, in the processes of Socialist renewal, in the debates on the quality of politics, in the debate around constituent processes and the new

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...

Books published

* ''Integración nacional y marginalidad (Ensayo de regionalización social de Chile)'' (with Armand Mattelart), 1969 * ''Problemas y perspectivas del Socialismo en Chile'' (coordinator), 1971 * ''Revolución y legalidad : problemas del Estado y el Derecho en Chile'' (co-editor with Norbert Lechner), 1972 * ''Sobre la justicia en Chile'' (co-editor with Norbert Lechner), 1973 * ''Ideología y medios de comunicación'' (editor), 1974 * ''Economía política en la Unidad Popular'' (co-editor with Rodrigo Atria), 1975 * ''Cultura y comunicación de masas. Materiales de la discusión chilena 1970‑1973'' (co-editor with Hernán Valdés), 1975. * ''Análisis coyuntural y proceso político. Las fases del conflicto en Chile 1970‑1973'' (with Tomás Moulián), 1978 * ''Las ciencias sociales en Chile. Situación, problemas y perspectivas'', 1983 * ''El Proceso político chileno'', 1983. In English: ''The Chilean Political Process'', 1989 * ''La Unidad Popular y el conflicto político en Chile'' (with Tomás Moulián), 1983. Second enhanced edition, 1993 * ''Dictaduras y democratización'', 1984 * ''Escenarios e itinerarios para la transición'', 1985 * ''Reconstruir la política. Transición y consolidación democrática en Chile'', 1987 * ''Biblioteca del Movimiento Estudiantil'' (5 vols) (coordinator with Javier Martínez), 1986 * ''Muerte y Resurrección. Los partidos políticos en el autoritarismo y las transiciones del Cono Sur'' (co-editor with Marcelo Cavarozzi), 1989 * ''Propuestas Políticas y Demandas Sociales'' (3 vols) (coordinator), 1989 * ''Militares y Política en una transición atípica'' (co-editor with Domingo Rivarola and M. Cavarozzi), 1991 * ''Fear at the edge. State terror and resistance in Latin America'' (co-editor with Patricia Weiss Fagen and Juan E. Corradi), 1992 * ''Los partidos políticos en el inicio de los noventa. Seis casos latinoamericanos'' (coordinator), 1992 * ''Los chilenos y la democracia. La opinión pública 1991-1994'' (with Marta Lagos and Roberto Méndez)(4 vols), 1993, 1995 * ''Los partidos y la transformación política de América Latina'' (editor), 1993 * ''Modernización, democracia y descentralización. Materiales del IV Congreso Chileno de Sociología'' (co-editor with Malva Espinosa, Cecilia Jara, Eduardo Morales, Sergio Contreras), 1993 * ''Cultura, autoritarismo y redemocratización en Chile'' (co-editor with Saúl Sosnowski and Bernardo Subercaseaux), 1993 * ''La faz sumergida del iceberg: ensayos sobre la transformación cultural'', 1994 * ''Hacia una nueva era política. Estudio sobre las democratizaciones'', 1995 * ''Dimensiones actuales de la Sociología'' (co-editor with Orlando Mella), 1995 * ''Social Movements in Latin America in the context of economic and socio-political transformation'' (editor), 1996 * ''La encrucijada de lo político'' (co-editor with R. Lanz), 1996 * ''Las transformaciones en América Latina y las perspectivas de la integración'' (co-editor with J. Lira and A. Ajens), 1997 * ''Por la fuerza sin la razón. Análisis y Textos de los Bandos de la Dictadura Militar'' (with Roberto and Carmen Garretón), 1998 * ''América Latina: un espacio cultural en el mundo globalizado'' (coordinator), 1999 * ''Política y sociedad entre dos épocas. América Latina en el cambio de siglo'', 2000 * ''La sociedad en que vivi(re)mos. Introducción sociológica al cambio de siglo'', 2000, 2a ed. 2015 * ''Cultura y Desarrollo en Chile. Dimensiones y perspectivas en el cambio de siglo'' (coordinator), 2001 * ''Democracy in Latin America. (Re)Constructing political Society'' (co-editor with E. Newman) 2001 * ''Latin America in the 21st century. Toward a new socio-political matrix'' (with M. Cavarozzi, P. Cleaves, G. Gereffi, J. Hartlyn), 2003. In Spanish: ''América Latina en el siglo XXI. Hacia una nueva matriz socio-política'', 2004. In Portuguese: ''America Latina no seculo XXI'', 2007 * ''El espacio cultural latinoamericano. Bases para una política de integración cultural'' (coordinator) (with Jesús Martín Barbero, Marcelo Cavarozzi, Néstor García Canclini, Guadalupe Ruiz-Jimenez and

Rodolfo Stavenhagen Rodolfo Stavenhagen (29 August 1932 – 5 November 2016) was a German-born Mexican sociologist and anthropologist who specialized in the study of human rights and the political relations between indigenous peoples and states. He was a professor-r ...

), 2003 * ''Democracia en las Américas: desafíos, peligros, expectativas'' (co-organizador), 2003 * ''The incomplete democracy. Studies on politics and society in Latin America and Chile'', 2003 * ''Encuentros con la memoria. Archivos y debates de memoria y futuro'' (co-editor with Faride Zerán, Sergio Campos, and Carmen Garretón), 2004 * ''Las Ciencias Sociales en América Latina en perspectiva comparada'' (with Helgio Trindade, org, Jerónimo De Sierra, Miguel Murmis, José Luis Reyna) Siglo XXI, 2007. In Portuguese: ''As Ciencias Sociais na America Latina em perspectiva comparada'', 2006. English version: ''Social Sciences in Latin America (1930-2003)'', 2005 * ''Del post-pinochetismo a la sociedad democrática. Globalización y política en el bicentenario'', 2007 * ''Dimensiones sociales, políticas y culturales del desarrollo. Antología de

Enzo Faletto Enzo Doménico Faletto Verné (July 14, 1935 – June 22, 2003) was a Chilean sociologist and historian. Together with former Brazilian president and sociologist Fernando Henrique Cardoso, he wrote the book ''Dependency and Development in Lati ...

'' (editor), 2007 * ''Neoliberalismo corregido y progresismo limitado. Los gobiernos de la Concertación en Chile, 1990-2010'', 2012 * ''Las ciencias sociales en la trama de Chile y América Latina. Estudios sobre transformaciones sociopolíticas y movimiento social'', 2014 * ''La gran ruptura. Institucionalidad política y actores sociales en el Chile del siglo XXI '' (coordinator), 2017

References

External links

Personal website of Manuel Antonio Garretón

Manuel Antonio Garretón. Departamento de Sociología, Universidad de Chile.

"40 Years Later. Political Sociology and Society in Latin America and Chile". Opening Lecture, XXIX Congreso Latinoamericano de Sociología, ALAS-Chile, 29 de septiembre de 2013.

Pdf of ''La Unidad Popular y el conflicto político en Chile'', 1983

Pdf of ''Neoliberalismo corregido y Progresismo limitado'', 2012

Interview in Global Dialogue, International Sociological Association

Plebiscito para una Asamblea Constituyente, 2014
* olitical sociology {{DEFAULTSORT:Garreton, Manuel Antonio 1943 births Chilean sociologists Latin American studies Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni Latin Americanists Living people