The Manubaran languages are a small family of

Trans–New Guinea languages Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands ‒ corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia. Trans–New Guinea is the third-la ...

spoken around Mount Brown in the " Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Languages

The languages are Doromu and Maria, and are 63% lexically similar.

Proto-language

Phonemes

Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:New Guinea World, Mount Brown
/ref> : Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.

Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: :

Basic vocabulary

Usher (2020)

Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Mount Brown and Proto-Doromu-Koki, as well as Proto-Gebi and Proto-Maria, by Usher (2020) are: :

Ross (2014)

The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Manubaran and lower-level reconstructions by Malcolm Ross (2014) are from the Trans-New Guinea database: :

Evolution

Maria reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: *''ama'' ‘mother’ < *am(a,i) *''baba(e)'' ‘father’ < *mbapa *''kuyau'' ‘

cassowary Cassowaries ( tpi, muruk, id, kasuari) are flightless birds of the genus ''Casuarius'' in the order Casuariiformes. They are classified as ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bones) and are native to the tropical ...

’ < *ku(y)a *''ita(isa)'' ‘tree’ < *inda

References

External links

* Timothy Usher, New Guinea World
Owen Stanley Range
* (ibid.
Proto–Mount Brown
{{Papuan languages Owen Stanley Range languages Languages of Central Province (Papua New Guinea)