Maḥmūd bin Muḥammad bin Tīmūr Khān ( Turki and Persian: محمود بن محمد بن تیمور خان), also known as Mahmud Astrakhani () was one of Küchük Muhammad's sons and a Khan who founded the Khanate of Astrakhan in the 1460s.

Life

After years of struggle for the throne of the Great Horde against Akhmat Khan, he escaped to the town of Hajji Tarkhan (or

Xacitarxan Hajji Tarkhan or Hajji Tarkhan al Jedid (Turki/Cuman language, Kypchak and , ), also known as Hashtar Khan / Astarxan () or Astrakhan, was a medieval city at the right bank of Volga, situated approximately 12 km north of the modern city of A ...

), establishing the independent Khanate of Astrakhan there. Mahmud Astrakhani maintained friendly relations with his powerful neighbors—the Nogay Horde and the Great Horde and coined his own money. His letter to the Ottoman Sultan

Mehmed II Mehmed II (; , ; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (; ), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign, ...

(as dispatched on April 10, 1466) is a curious example of diplomatic epistles written in Persian or in the 15th-century

Old Tatar language The Old Tatar language was a literary language used by some ethnic groups of the Idel-Ural region (Tatars and Bashkirs) from the Middle Ages until the early 20th century. Old Tatar is a member of the Kipchak languages, Kipchak (or Northwestern ...

. The content is a necessity of establishment of diplomatic relations between Ottoman Empire and Astrakhan, and sending ambassadors to

Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...

. For uncertainties and additional information see the second part of

List of Astrakhan khans Below is a list of rulers of the Astrakhan Khanate. These were independent rulers of part of the Golden Horde territories after its decline began; the area was centred on the lower Volga. It was conquered and reduced to a vassal state by Ivan th ...

. His son Janibeg briefly ruled Crimea in the winter of 1476/77 until he was driven out by the legitimate ruler Nur Devlet.

Genealogy

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

Jochi Jochi (; ), also spelled Jüchi, was a prince of the early Mongol Empire. His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He was nevertheless a prominent Military of the ...

Orda Khan Orda Ichen ( Mongolian: – 1251) was a Mongol Khan and military strategist who ruled the eastern part of the Golden Horde (division of the Mongol Empire) during the 13th century. First Khan of the White Horde Orda Ichen ( – 1251) is cr ...

*Sartaqtay * Köchü * Bayan * Sasibuqa * Ilbasan * Chimtay * Urus * Temur-Malik * Temür Qutlugh *Temur ibn Temur Qutlugh * Küchük Muhammad *Mahmud bin Küchük 1460s deaths Khans of Astrakhan 15th-century monarchs in Europe Year of birth unknown Khans of the Golden Horde {{Asia-royal-stub