Long-jawed Orb Weaver

Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.

Systematics

, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following extant genera:

*''Alcimosphenus'' Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
*'' Allende'' Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
*'' Antillognatha'' Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
*'' Atelidea'' Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
*'' Azilia'' Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
*''Chrysometa'' Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
*''Cyrtognatha'' Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
*'' Dianleucauge'' Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
*''Diphya'' Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
*''Dolichognatha'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
*''Doryonychus'' Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
*''Dyschiriognatha'' Simon, 1893 — Indonesia, Brazil, Samoa
*''Glenognatha'' Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
*''Guizygiella'' Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
*''Harlanethis'' Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
*''Hispanognatha'' Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
*''Homalometa'' Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
*''Iamarra'' Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
*''Leucauge'' White, 1841 — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Central America, Caribbean
*''Mecynometa'' Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
*'' Mesida'' Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
*''Meta'' C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
*'' Metabus'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
*'' Metellina'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
*'' Metleucauge'' Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
*'' Mitoscelis'' Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
*'' Mollemeta'' Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
*'' Nanningia'' Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
*'' Nanometa'' Simon, 1908 — Australia
*'' Neoprolochus'' Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
*'' Okileucauge'' Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
*'' Opadometa'' Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
*'' Opas'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
*'' Orsinome'' Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
*'' Pachygnatha'' Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
*'' Parameta'' Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
*'' Parazilia'' Lessert, 1938 — Congo
*'' Pholcipes'' Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
*'' Pickardinella'' Archer, 1951 — Mexico
*'' Pinkfloydia'' Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
*''Sancus'' Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
*'' Schenkeliella'' Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
*'' Taraire'' Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
*'' Tawhai'' Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
*'' Tetragnatha'' Latreille, 1804 — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
*'' Timonoe'' Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
*'' Tylorida'' Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
*'' Wolongia'' Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
*'' Zhinu'' Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
*'' Zygiometella'' Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel

Fossil genera

Several extinct, fossil genera have been described:Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.

* †'' Anameta'' Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Bitterfield and Baltic amber)
* †'' Balticgnatha'' Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †'' Corneometa'' Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †'' Eometa'' Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †'' Huergnina'' Selden & Penney, 2003 (Cretaceous, Las Hoyas, Spain)
* †'' Macryphantes'' Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
* †'' Palaeometa'' Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
* †'' Palaeopachygnatha'' Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
* †'' Priscometa'' Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
* †'' Samlandicmeta'' Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)

Formerly placed here

* '' Deliochus'' Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
* ''Eryciniolia'' Strand, 1912 – now a synonym of '' Nanometa''
* ''Menosira'' Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of '' Metellina''
* ''Nediphya'' Marusik & Omelko, 2017 – now a synonym of '' Nanometa''
* '' Phonognatha'' Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
* ''Prolochus'' Thorell, 1895 – see ''Dolichognatha''

See also

A few spiders in this family include:
*List of Tetragnathidae species
*''Leucauge mariana''
*''Leucauge argyra''
*''Leucauge venusta''

References

* Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of ''Mecynometa globosa'' (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). ''Psyche'' 70:180–183
PDF

External links

Tree of Life Tetragnathidae


Large format diagnostic photographs and information





Pictures of ''Tetragnatha sp.''
(free for noncommercial use)

{{Taxonbar, from=Q12017

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Articles containing video clips