Fran Levstik (28 September 1831 – 16 November 1887) was a
Slovene writer, political activist, playwright and critic. He was one of the most prominent exponents of the
Young Slovene political movement.
Life and work
Levstik was born in 1831 in
Dolnje Retje (now part of the municipality of
Velike Lašče
Velike Lašče (; german: Großlaschitz)''Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru,'' vol. 6: ''Kranjsko''. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 42. is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality ...
) in
Lower Carniola
Lower Carniola ( sl, Dolenjska; german: Unterkrain) is a traditional region in Slovenia, the southeastern part of the historical Carniola region.
Geography
Lower Carniola is delineated by the Ljubljana Basin with the city of Ljubljana to the n ...
(then part of the
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...
, today in
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
) in a peasant
Slovene family.
Levstik was the first notable writer of Slovene epic prose. Among his most known works are the short tale ''
Martin Krpan From Vrh'' ( sl, Martin Krpan z Vrha), which became a classic work of
Slovene literature
Slovene literature is the literature written in Slovene. It spans across all literary genres with historically the Slovene historical fiction as the most widespread Slovene fiction genre. The Romantic 19th-century epic poetry written by the ...
, and the
itinerary ''
A Journey from Litija to Čatež'' (), the main objective of which is a
literary manifesto. In the critical essay ''Napake slovenskega pisanja'', he exposed his views on the development of the Slovene literary language.
Levstik was one of the main exponents of the
Young Slovenes, a
progressive and
radical political group akin to the
Young Czechs in the
Czech Lands
The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands ( cs, České země ) are the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia. Together the three have formed the Czech part of Czechoslovakia since 1918, the Czech Socialist Republic since ...
that challenged the then prevailing influence of
conservatives
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...
, led by
Janez Bleiweis
Janez Bleiweis (19 November 1808 – 29 November 1881) was a Slovene conservative politician, journalist, physician, veterinarian, and public figure. He was the leader of the so-called Old Slovene political movement. Already during his lifetime, ...
, within the
Slovenian National Movement. In his late years, he grew closer to
Pan-Slavist
Pan-Slavism, a movement which crystallized in the mid-19th century, is the political ideology concerned with the advancement of integrity and unity for the Slavic people. Its main impact occurred in the Balkans, where non-Slavic empires had rule ...
ideals.
Levstik and
his literary program had a great influence on future generations of Slovene authors of
national liberal
National liberalism is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal policies and issues with elements of nationalism. Historically, national liberalism has also been used in the same meaning as conservative liberalism (right-liberalism).
A seri ...
views, especially
Josip Jurčič
Josip Jurčič (4 March 1844 – 3 May 1881) was a Slovene writer and journalist. He was born in Muljava, Austrian Empire (now part of the municipality of Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia)Levec, Fran. 1881. Josip Jurčič. ''Ljubljanski zvon'' 1(6) ( ...
,
Josip Stritar,
Janko Kersnik,
Anton Aškerc,
Janez Trdina and
Ivan Tavčar
Ivan Tavčar () (28 August 1851 – 19 February 1923) was a Slovenian writer, lawyer, and politician.
Biography
Tavčar was born into the poor peasant family of Janez and Neža née Perko in the Carniolan village of Poljane near Škofja Loka ...
.
He died in
Ljubljana
Ljubljana (also known by other historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center.
During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the are ...
after a period of serious mental illness, which included delusions of a religious nature. He was buried in the former
St. Christopher's Cemetery
Navje Memorial Park ( sl, Spominski park Navje), the redesigned part of the former St. Christopher's Cemetery (), is a memorial park in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is located in the Bežigrad district, just behind the Ljubljana railwa ...
in the
Bežigrad district of Ljubljana.
The
Levstik Award
The Levstik Award ( sl, Levstikova nagrada) is a literary award in Slovenia awarded for achievements in children's literature. It has been bestowed since 1949 by the Mladinska Knjiga Publishing House, making it the first literary award established ...
for achievements in children's literature is named after him.
Levstik Award on Culture.si Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia site
/ref>
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Levstik, Fran
1831 births
1887 deaths
People from the Municipality of Velike Lašče
Carniolan dramatists and playwrights
Carniolan philologists
Carniolan essayists
Slovenian literary critics
Young Slovenes politicians
Carniolan poets
19th-century Carniolan writers