Leo Dee (July 8, 1931 – November 22, 2004) was an American artist and teacher. A native of
Newark, New Jersey
Newark ( , ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County and the second largest city within the New York metropolitan area.silverpoint
Silverpoint (one of several types of metalpoint) is a traditional drawing technique first used by medieval scribes on manuscripts.
History
A silverpoint drawing is made by dragging a silver rod or wire across a surface, often prepared with gesso ...
drawings which conveyed "the softest and most subtle transitions of tonal values."
Early life and training
Dee was born in
Newark, New Jersey
Newark ( , ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County and the second largest city within the New York metropolitan area. He attended
Newark Arts High School
Newark Arts High School is a four-year magnet public high school, serving students in Ninth through twelfth grades in Newark, in Essex County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Newark Public Schools. The school is located in ...
, graduating in 1950 with a three-year scholarship to attend the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts. Drafted into the U.S. Army in 1953, he served two years in
Fort Meade
Fort George G. Meade is a United States Army installation located in Maryland, that includes the Defense Information School, the Defense Media Activity, the United States Army Field Band, and the headquarters of United States Cyber Command, the ...
and, returning to civilian life, re-entered the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts under the
G.I. Bill
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill, was a law that provided a range of benefits for some of the returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s). The original G.I. Bill expired in 1956, bu ...
. While a student at that school, he took classes from instructors who had established reputations in their respective fields, including
Leopold Matzal
Leopold Charles Matzal (August 13, 1890 – November 22, 1956) was a 20th-century Austrian-American visual artist. He was a Realism (arts), realistic painter, known in New York City and northern New Jersey for his society Portrait painting, port ...
(portrait painting), James Rosati and Reuben Nakian (sculpture), and Ben Cunningham (color theory). Among them were two artists associated with the precisionist movement whose teaching had lasting influence on Dee's mature style. One of the two, Charles Goeller, showed Dee how to create realistic drawings in fine detail and the other, Hans Weingaertner, showed him how to make paintings having "precise and quiet form" and ''trompe l'oeil'' realism.
Mature style
When Newark's Rabin & Krueger Gallery gave Dee his first solo exhibition in 1957, he was making paintings in an abstract style. However, impressed by the gallery's display of silverpoint drawings by
Joseph Stella
Joseph Stella (born Giuseppe Michele Stella, June 13, 1877 – November 5, 1946) was an Italian-born American Futurist painter best known for his depictions of industrial America, especially his images of the Brooklyn Bridge. He is also ...
, he subsequently made a transition to an austere style in that medium.
In 1958, Dee was hired to teach life drawing at the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts and soon thereafter a collage-drawing of his became the first of his works to be purchased by a major museum. This piece, ''Self-Portrait'', revealed his skill in the ''trompe l'oeil'' technique by means of which he was able to give the appearance of collage by the precise application of very fine lines. A critic for the ''New York Times'' wrote that the self-portrait was a "haunting image" having "great formal and emotional power." The technique soon became Dee's dominant style of drawing. A few years later when Newark Museum showed this drawing along with another called ''Reflections in White'', critics remarked on the "superrealism" which he achieved, his "staggering technical perfection," and an apparent "intense concern for truth and purity." This technique shows up in a silverpoint drawing he made in 1964 called ''Musician''.
In 1966, a drawing of Dee's appeared in a touring exhibition of 100 drawings sponsored by the
American Federation of Arts
The American Federation of Arts (AFA) is a nonprofit organization that creates art exhibitions for presentation in museums around the world, publishes exhibition catalogues, and develops education programs. The organization’s founding in 1909 w ...
. Reviewing the show for the ''New York Times'',
Grace Glueck
Grace Glueck (July 24, 1926 – October 8, 2022) was an American arts journalist. She worked for ''The New York Times'' from 1951 until the early 2010s.
Early life
Glueck was born in New York City on July 24, 1926. Her father, Ernest, worked ...
, singled out a drawing called ''Death and Transfiguration'' as one of her two favorites. A few years later, the art gallery at Yale University purchased ''Paper Landscape'', a silverpoint drawing which the authors of an art book describe as "a contemporary handling of the ''trompe l'œil'' technique where verisimilitude is the goal." In 1975, Dee was given a solo exhibition at the Coe Kerr Gallery, New York. The show brought together some of his paintings and
relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces are bonded to a solid background of the same material. The term '' relief'' is from the Latin verb ''relevo'', to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...
s as well as the silverpoint drawings for which he had achieved recognition. Writing in the ''New York Times'', a critic admired the painstaking still-life draftsmanship of the drawings and said the other work was "unlikely to make history." Three years later, the New Jersey State Museum displayed twenty-seven of his drawings and two masonite reliefs in a show held in the main gallery. A reviewer noted that Dee made his subjects "come alive," eliminating superfluous elements and rendering them with great realism. "The viewer," she wrote, "is not merely getting a detailed rendition of the object, but also a feeling for the essence of that object… Though incredibly detailed, Dee's work is very modern in its approach."
During the 1980s and 1990s, Dee's drawings appeared in group exhibitions in New Jersey museums and galleries and critics continued to praise their fine draftsmanship and meticulous realism. His silverpoint work won praise, as well, for its "softness and spirituality." In 1978, a critic wrote that "Dee can make a piece of drapery come alive and can make you feel the sensuous curves of an apple, a pear or a lemon, or the mystery of the spiral chamber of a conch shell" and, the same year, he himself commented on this quality in his art. "In my drawings," he wrote, "I strive for elegance and a quality of magic. With a large, open portion of the surface, I seek to create a special universe for each object, giving it a life of its own. Finding human characteristics in a pear or lemon viewing landscapes in a crumpled piece of paper, I try to evoke the feeling that all of nature is one." In 2015, his silverpoint drawing, ''Paper Landscape'', c. 1972, was exhibited in a group show at the National Gallery of Art and noted for its microscopic precision.Sell, S. and Chapman, H. Drawing in Silver and Gold: Leonardo to Jasper Johns. p.229. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ. 2015.
Art teacher
In 1958, Dee was appointed as instructor of drawing and painting in the Newark School Fine & Industrial Art. He later became the school's principal instructor of realistic drawing, retiring in 1993. Thereafter he taught evening classes at the Visual Arts Center of New Jersey in Summit, N.J. and was periodically a visiting instructor at Seton Hall University, South Orange, N.J.
Personal information
Dee was born on July 8, 1931, in Newark, New Jersey. His parents were Leo J. Dee and Elenor K. Dee. It is suggested that his maternal grandmother, an artist who had attended the predecessor of the school where Dee learned and later taught art, influenced his decision to become an artist himself.
In 1963, Dee married the art historian and museum curator, Elaine Evans. She had previously been married to William H. Gerdts, the author of an essay on Dee that appeared in the catalog for Dee's solo show at the Coe Kerr Gallery in 1975.
In 1993, Dee retired from his teaching position at the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts and three years later, after short-term, part-time teaching stints in northern New Jersey, he and Elaine Evans moved permanently to
Truro, Massachusetts
Truro is a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States, comprising two villages: Truro and North Truro. Located slightly more than 100 miles (160 km) by road from Boston, it is a summer vacation community just south of the no ...
, a village on
Cape Cod
Cape Cod is a peninsula extending into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern corner of mainland Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. Its historic, maritime character and ample beaches attract heavy tourism during the summer mont ...
where they had previously spent summer vacations. There, he continued to make silverpoint drawings using elements in the local landscape for his subjects. He died in Truro on November 22, 2004.
Other names
As his professional name, Dee used Leo Dee or sometimes Leo J. Dee. When young, he was known as Leo J. Dee, Jr. His friends and family called him Joe Dee.
Exhibitions
During the 1970s and 1980s, Dee exhibited frequently in New Jersey galleries and museums and occasionally, as well, in New York. This list is representative, not comprehensive. It comes from art web sites, galleries, a book, and many news accounts.
*1957 solo, Rabin & Krueger, Newark, New Jersey
*1957 group, "New Talents," Newark Foam Rubber Center, Newark, New Jersey
*1959 group, Newark Museum, New Jersey
*1963 group, "Forms in Contemporary Art," Newark Museum, New Jersey
*1964 group, traveling exhibition of contemporary American drawings
*1966 group, "Yesterday and Tomorrow," Mark of the Phoenix Gallery, New York
*1966 group, "Meticulous Realism," Tawes Art Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
*1966 group, "Art From New Jersey," New Jersey State Museum, Trenton
*1966 group, "100 contemporary drawings," Drawing Society and American Federation of Arts, New York
*1967 group, "Geometric Art: An Exhibition of Paintings and Constructions by Fourteen Contemporary New Jersey Artists," New Jersey State Museum, Trenton
*1970 group, "Fourth Invitational Painting and Sculpture Exhibition," Van Deusen Gallery, Kent State University
*1975 solo, retrospective exhibition, Coe Kerr Gallery, New York
*1978 solo, "29 Drawings by Leo Dee," New Jersey State Museum, Trenton
*1979 solo, "The Art of Leo Dee," New Jersey State Museum, Trenton
*1980 group, "New Jersey Masters, 1980," Gill/St. Bernard's School, Gladstone, New Jersey
*1981 group, Kean College Art Gallery, Union, New Jersey
*1982 group, "The accessible joys of American still life," touring exhibition
*1982 group, Coe Kerr Gallery, New York
*1984 group, "B Orwell's '1984' Interpreted By New Jersey Artists," Newark Museum, New Jersey
*1985 group, "Fifth New Jersey Artists Biennial," Newark Museum, New Jersey
*1985 group, "The Fine Line," Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, Florida
*1991 group, "102 Prints," Newark Public Library, Newark, New Jersey
*1991 group, "11th New Jersey Arts Annual Exhibition," Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, New Jersey
*1992 group, "Aspects of Realism," Trenton State Museum, Trenton
*1994 group, "More Than Meets the Eye," Morris Museum, Morristown, New Jersey
*1998 group, "For Beauty and for Truth: The William and Abigail Gerdts Collection of American Still Life," Berry-Hill Galleries, New York
*2005 solo, "Power Line: The Art of Leo Dee," Boston Athenæum, Boston, Massachusetts
*2015 group, "Drawing in Silver and Gold: Leonardo to Jasper Johns," National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Collections
This list is representative, not comprehensive. It comes from art web sites and museums.
*Columbus Museum, Columbus, Ohio
*Cooper-Hewitt Museum, N.Y.
*Fannie E. Rippel Foundation, Newark, N.J.
*Fogg Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
*Hunter Museum of American Art, Chattanooga, Tenn.
*New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, N.J.
*Newark Museum, Newark, N.J.
*Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Penn.
*Springfield Museum of Art, Springfield, Mass.
*Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, Utah
*Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Conn.