Lieutenant General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was norma ...

Peder Adolf Ludvig Regnell Hammarskiöld (26 June 1869 – 4 July 1958) was a

Swedish Army The Swedish Army () is the army, land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years. History Svea Life Guards dates back to the year 1 ...

officer. Hammarskiöld's senior commands include commanding officer of the 2nd Army Division and the Eastern Army Division, the position of Commandant General of Stockholm Garrison,

Master-General of the Ordnance The Master-General of the Ordnance (MGO) was a very senior British military position from 1415 to 2013 (except 1855–1895 and 1939–1958) with some changes to the name, usually held by a serving general. The Master-General of the Ordnance was ...

and Inspector of the Artillery. As a military historian, he researched the ancient history of the Swedish artillery.

Early life

Hammarskiöld was born on 26 June 1869 in Dingtuna Parish,

Västmanland County Västmanland County () is a Counties of Sweden, county or ''län'' in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Södermanland County, Södermanland, Örebro County, Örebro, Gävleborg County, Gävleborg, Dalarna County, Dalarna and Uppsala Coun ...

, Sweden, the son of major Per Theodor Hammarskiöld and his wife Sofia Gustafva Regnell. He was grandnephew of Lorenzo Hammarsköld.

Career

Hammarskiöld was commissioned as an officer in First Svea Artillery Regiment in 1889 with the rank of ''

underlöjtnant ''Underlöjtnant'' (from the German word '' Unterleutnant'') was the lowest officer rank in the Swedish Army from 1835 to 1937 instead of the previous ranks of ''fänrik'' and cornet. was reintroduced in 1914 with the same position as , from 19 ...

''. Hammarskiöld attended the Artillery and Engineering College from 1893 to 1897 and served as a dispatch officer in staff of the IV Army Division in 1898. He became an artillery staff officer in 1899 and was secretary in artillery commissions from 1900 to 1902 and was promoted to captain in 1903. He participated in the work of the Boden Committee in 1905 and served in the

General Staff A military staff or general staff (also referred to as army staff, navy staff, or air staff within the individual services) is a group of officers, Enlisted rank, enlisted, and civilian staff who serve the commanding officer, commander of a ...

from 1908 to 1909 and became major in the army and chief of the Artillery Staff in 1909. He then served as major in Svea Artillery Regiment in 1911 and as lieutenant colonel in Boden-Karlsborg Artillery Regiment in 1913. Hammarskiöld served as chairman of the Artillery Committee from 1914 to 1915. Hammarskiöld was promoted to colonel in 1915 and was appointed regimental commander of Småland Artillery Regiment in

Jönköping Jönköping (, ) is a Urban areas in Sweden, city in southern Sweden with 112,766 inhabitants (2022). Jönköping is situated on the southern shore of Sweden's second largest lake, Vättern, in the province of Småland. The city is the seat o ...

. He was a member of the committee for the preparation of a stalemate (trench) warfare instruction from 1916 to 1917 and a member of the study commission to the

German Army The German Army (, 'army') is the land component of the armed forces of Federal Republic of Germany, Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German together with the German Navy, ''Marine'' (G ...

and the Eastern Front from 1916 to 1917. Hammarskiöld was commanding officer of the Swedish Army Artillery School (''Artilleriskjutskolan'') from 1919 to 1920 and of Svea Artillery Regiment from 1922 to 1926. Hammarskiöld was chairman of the Artillery Committee from 1922 to 1923 and a member of the Army Council (''Arméfullmäktige'') in 1923 and in 1925. In 1926, Hammarskiöld was promoted to major general and appointed commanding officer of the 2nd Army Division (''II. arméfördelningen''). Hammarskiöld was commanding officer of the Eastern Army Division (''Östra arméfördelningen'') and Commandant General of Stockholm Garrison from 1928 to 1929 and was then appointed

and Inspector of the Artillery in 1929. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1933 and retired and transferred to the reserve in 1934. Hammarskiöld had strong military history interests. After entering retirement he devoted himself to thorough research on the Swedish artillery in the past. He dealt with topics such as ''De äldre Vasakungarnas artilleri'' ("The Artillery of the Older Vasa Kings") (1942), ''Artilleriet under Gustaf II Adolfs krig'' ("The Artillery During Gustav II Adolf's War") (1943) and ''Artilleriet i slaget vid Jankow den 24 febr 1645'' ("Artillery at the Battle of Jankau, 24 Feb 1645") (1945), published in ''Artilleri-tidskrift''. In 1922 he published ''Studie över artilleriets samverkan med infanteriet'' ("Study of the Artillery's Cooperation with the Infantry").

Personal life

Hammarskiöld married on 22 July 1896 in Hedvig Eleonora Parish,

Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...

to Gerda Cecilia Neijber (6 August 1874 – 22 Nov 1965), the daughter of Magnus Julius Neijber and Augusta Henriette Moll. He was the father five children: Karin Augusta Sofia Hammarskjöld (1897–1975), a businesswoman, Per Arvid Magnus Hammarskiöld (1899–1988), an engineer, Sven Ludvig Hammarskiöld (1901–1983), a judge and businessman, Göran Hammarskjöld (1906–1969), an officer, and Lennart Hammarskiöld (1912–1974), a banker.

Death

Hammarskiöld died on 4 July 1958 in

Engelbrekt Parish Engelbrekt Parish () is a parish in Östermalm's church district (''kontrakt'') in the Diocese of Stockholm, Sweden. The parish is located in Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County. The parish forms its own pastorship. History Engelbrekt Par ...

, Stockholm. He was buried on 25 August 1958 in a family grave in

Norra begravningsplatsen Norra begravningsplatsen, literally "The Northern Burial Place" in Swedish, is a major cemetery of the Stockholm urban area, located in Solna Municipality. Inaugurated on 9 June 1827, it is the burial site for a number of Swedish notables. Th ...

Solna Municipality Solna ( or , ), also known as Solna Municipality, is a municipalities of Sweden, municipality in central Stockholm County, Sweden, located just north of Stockholm City Centre. Its seat is located in the town of Solna, which is a part of the Stockh ...

Dates of rank

*1889 – ''

Underlöjtnant ''Underlöjtnant'' (from the German word '' Unterleutnant'') was the lowest officer rank in the Swedish Army from 1835 to 1937 instead of the previous ranks of ''fänrik'' and cornet. was reintroduced in 1914 with the same position as , from 19 ...

'' *1895 –

Lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a Junior officer, junior commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations, as well as fire services, emergency medical services, Security agency, security services ...

*1903 –

Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...

*1909 –

Major Major most commonly refers to: * Major (rank), a military rank * Academic major, an academic discipline to which an undergraduate student formally commits * People named Major, including given names, surnames, nicknames * Major and minor in musi ...

*1913 – Lieutenant colonel *1915 –

Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

*1926 – Major general *1933 –

Lieutenant general Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was norma ...

Awards and decorations

Swedish

King Gustaf V's Jubilee Commemorative Medal (1928) * Royal_Order_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_Grand_Cross_BAR

Commander Grand Cross of the

Order of the Sword The Royal Order of the Sword (officially: ''Royal Order of the Sword''; Swedish: ''Kungliga Svärdsorden'') is a Swedish order of chivalry and military decoration created by King Frederick I of Sweden on 23 February 1748, together with the Or ...

(16 June 1933) * ''Landstormen''s Silver Medal (LandstSM)

Foreign

EST_Order_of_the_Cross_of_the_Eagle_1st_Class_BAR

1st Class of the

Order of the Cross of the Eagle The Order of the Cross of the Eagle (; ) was instituted in 1928 by the Estonian Defence League to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Estonian independence. It was adopted as a state order in 1936. The Order of the Cross of the Eagle is bestowe ...

FIN_Order_of_the_White_Rose_Grand_Cross_BAR

Grand Cross of the

Order of the White Rose of Finland The Order of the White Rose of Finland (; ) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The ...

* Grand Cross of the

Order of the Three Stars Order of the Three Stars () is the highest civilian order awarded for meritorious service to Latvia. It was established in 1924 in remembrance of the founding of Latvia. Its motto is ''Per aspera ad astra'', meaning "Through hardships towards the ...

* Grand Cross of the Cross of Military Merit * Legion_Honneur_GO_ribbon

Grand Officer of the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...

Knight 2nd Class of the

Order of Saint Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, on 14 February 1735, in hono ...

Honours

*Member of the board of '' Sällskapet Idun'' ("Idun Society") *Member of the Royal Society for Publication of Manuscripts on Scandinavian History (''Kungliga Samfundet för utgivande av handskrifter rörande Skandinaviens historia'') (1903) *Member of the

Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences () is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden and was founded on 12 November 1796 by Gustaf Wilhelm af Tibell. The academy is an independent organization and a forum for military (army and air force) and de ...

(1907) *President of the

(1935–1937)

Bibliography

* *

Footnotes

References

External links

Article
at '' Svenskt biografiskt lexikon'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Hammarskiold, Ludvig 1869 births 1958 deaths Hammarskjöld family Swedish Army lieutenant generals Swedish military historians People from Västerås Municipality Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword Burials at Norra begravningsplatsen