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Lu'an ( zh, c=, p=Lù'ān), is a
prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...
in western
Anhui Anhui is an inland Provinces of China, province located in East China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze and Huai rivers, bordering Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the east, Jiang ...
province, People's Republic of China, bordering
Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Lu ...
to the northwest and
Hubei Hubei is a province of China, province in Central China. It has the List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP, seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland ...
to the southwest. As of the 2020 census, it had a total population of 4,393,699 inhabitants whom 1,752,537 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Yu'an and Jin'an urban districts. Neighbouring prefecture-level cities are the provincial capital of
Hefei Hefei is the Capital city, capital of Anhui, China. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, and cultural center of Anhui. Its population was 9,369,881 as of the 2020 census. Its built-up (or ''metro'') area is made up of four u ...
to the east,
Anqing Anqing ( zh, s=, t=安慶, p=Ānqìng, l=, also Yicheng, Nganking and formerly Hwaining, now the name of Huaining County) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Anhui province of China, province, China, People's Republic of China. Its popu ...
to the south,
Huanggang Huanggang is a prefecture-level city in easternmost Hubei, Hubei Province, China. It is situated to the north of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and is bounded in the north by the Dabie Mountains and is named after Mount Huanggang, Huang ...
(Hubei) and
Xinyang Xinyang ( zh, s= , t=信陽 , p=Xìnyáng; Postal romanization, postal: Sinyang) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Henan province of China, province, People's Republic of China, the southernmost administrative division in the province. It ...
(Henan) to the west, and Huainan and
Fuyang Fuyang (, previously romanized as Fowyang) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Anhui province, China. It is bordered by Henan province to the west and the cities of Bozhou to the northeast, Huainan to the southeast, and Lu'an to the sou ...
to the north. Although the character (literally: "six") is normally pronounced "Liù", in this case it changes to "Lù" on account of the historical literary reading. Lu'an, also known as "Gaocheng". Located in the west of Anhui Province, between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, at the northern foot of the Dabie Mountains, "Western Anhui" in the geographical sense refers specifically to Lu'an. Lu'an has beautiful mountains and clear waters, and beautiful natural scenery. You can not only enjoy flowers and birds, but also mountain climbing and rafting. At the same time, Lu'an has many cultural relics and historic sites, as well as talented people. Good generals and prime ministers, literary heroes, party history heroes, and political figures are like stars in the sky, shining through the past and present.


History

In 121 AD, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took the meaning of "safety in the six places" and established the Liu'an Kingdom in the second year of Yuanxing. The name "Liu'an" is still used today. Because Shun granted Gaotao the title of Liu (Lù), later generations called Liu'an Gaocheng. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Liu was a country south of the Huaihe River. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, there were many feudal states, and the territory of Ying, Liu, Liao, Qunshu and other vassal states were formed successively. During the Warring States Period, the princes merged and became subordinate to Wu and Chu successively. During the Qin Dynasty, six counties were established, which belonged to Jiujiang County. The Western Han Dynasty established Liu'an Kingdom, and the Eastern Han Dynasty established Liu'an County, named after the ancient Six Kingdoms. In the Sui Dynasty, Shouzhou was established. In the eighth year of Zhenghe of the Song Dynasty (1118), the Lu'an Army was established. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called Liu'an Prefecture and belonged to Luzhou Road. It belonged to Luzhou Prefecture in the Ming Dynasty and Zhili Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty. In December 1992, Lu'an City and Lu'an County merged and were called Lu'an City (county level). In September 1999, the State Council approved the withdrawal of land from Lu'an to establish a city. The original county-level Lu'an City was divided into Jin'an District and Yu'an District. In March 2000, the provincial-level Lu'an City was officially established.


Population

At the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, Lu'an City has a permanent population of 4.343 million people and an urbanization rate of 51.41%. Among the city's permanent population, 2.233 million people live in cities and towns, accounting for 51.41% of the total population; 2.110 million people live in rural areas, accounting for 48.59% of the total population. There are 2.239 million men, accounting for 51.56% of the total population; there are 2.104 million women, accounting for 48.44% of the total population. The sex ratio is 106.46.


Geography and climate

Lu'an is marked by the southern fringes of the
North China Plain The North China Plain () is a large-scale downfaulted rift basin formed in the late Paleogene and Neogene and then modified by the deposits of the Yellow River. It is the largest alluvial plain of China. The plain is bordered to the north by th ...
in its north and the northern part of the
Dabie Mountains The Dabie Mountains () are a major mountain range located in central China. Running northwest-to-southeast, they form the main watershed between the Huai River, Huai and Yangtze rivers. The range also marks the boundary between Hubei Province (n ...
in its south. Its administrative area spans 31°01′−32°40′ N latitude and 115°20′−117°14′ E longitude, respectively. Lu'an has a
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...
-influenced,
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cfa''), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and damp, with average low temperatures in January dipping just below freezing; the January 24-hour average temperature is . Summers are typically hot and humid, with a July average of . The annual mean is , while annual precipitation averages just above , a majority of which occurs from May to August. Annual sunshine duration is 2,000 to 2,300 hours. The terrain is high in the southwest and flat in the northeast, distributed in a trapezoid shape, forming three natural areas: mountains, hills, and plains.


Administration

The prefecture-level city of Lu'an administers seven county-level divisions, including three
districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
and four
counties A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...
. As of the end of 2022, Lu'an City governs 3 municipal districts of Jin'an, Yu'an and Yeji, 4 counties of Huoqiu, Jinzhai, Huoshan and Shucheng, as well as the national-level Lu'an Economic and Technological Development Zone; it has 10 sub-districts, 95 towns, 35 townships, a total of 140 towns (streets); a total of 174 urban community residents' committees and 1,795 villagers' committees. The city's total area is 15,450.9016 square kilometers. Among them, there are 6618.98 hectares of wetland, 497245.32 hectares of cultivated land, 49507.09 hectares of garden land, 626483.09 hectares of forest land, 5786.65 hectares of grassland, 159656.48 hectares of urban, village and industrial and mining land, 29053.67 hectares of transportation land, and 152606.61 hectares of water and water conservancy facilities land. These are further divided into 142
township-level divisions The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since 1412, due to mainland China's large population and geographical area. In the People's Republic of China, the constitution provides for three levels of government. Ho ...
.


Transport

* China National Highway 312: National Highway 312, also known as National Highway 312, G312, and Huhuo Line, is a national highway that crosses East China, Central China, and Northwest China. It starts from People's Square in Huangpu District, Shanghai, and ends at Horgos City, Yili Autonomous Prefecture. Take Kazakhstan A353 highway. * Lu'an railway station: The station is located at No. 7 Jiefang South Road, Yu'an District, and is under the jurisdiction of the Shanghai Railway Bureau. Lu'an Station is a railway station in Lu'an City, Anhui Province, China. It is currently a second-class station and passes through the railways such as "Ningxi Railway, Shanghai-Hancheng High-speed Railway, and Fuliu Railway".


Economy

Lu'an has developed industries and has basically formed key industries such as iron ore metallurgy, food processing, machinery manufacturing, clothing and textiles, energy and electricity, and construction and building materials, and has initially established a regional trade and logistics center in the Dabie Mountains. Lu'an is rich in resources. There are more than 10 million acres of vast mountain fields, nearly 4 million acres of arable water surface, and 12 billion cubic meters of surface water resources. Six major reservoirs have accumulated 7 billion cubic meters of high-quality water sources above Class II. There are more than 40 kinds of metallic ores and non-metallic minerals. Among them, Huoqiu Iron Mine has proven reserves of more than 2 billion tons and prospective reserves of 3 billion tons, ranking first in East China and fifth in the country; Jinzhai Molybdenum Mine has proven reserves of more than 2.2 million tons. The potential mining value reaches 1 trillion yuan; Lu'an jade is of high quality and contains unlimited business opportunities.


Specialty

Lu'an Guapian, a famous traditional Chinese tea and one of the top ten famous teas in China, is a green tea. Guapian or Piancha, for short, is produced in the Dabie Mountain area of Lu'an City, Anhui Province. It was called "Luzhou Lu'an Tea" in the Tang Dynasty and was a famous tea. Lu'an Guapian is produced in the Dabie Camellia Area in western Anhui, north of the Yangtze River and south of the Huaihe River. Lu'an and other places are the most famous, and are called Lu'an Guapian. The Dabie Mountains have high mountains, lots of clouds and mist, and high humidity. Together with the exquisite harvesting and processing, the quality is particularly excellent. Lu'an Guapian is melon seed-shaped and is a single piece of tender green tea. It has the characteristics of "emerald green color, clear aroma, fresh and sweet taste, green and clear soup color, and frequent brewing". Lu'an Guapian has a long history and rich cultural connotation. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu's famous book "The Book of Tea" contains records about "Luzhou Liu'an Tea". Xu Guangqi, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty, said in his book "The Complete Book of Agriculture" that "the tea from Liu'an Prefecture is the best tea". During the Qing Dynasty, melon slices were listed as tribute. Jinzhai Kiwi,Jinzhai kiwi is a specialty of Jinzhai County, Lu'an City, Anhui Province. The wild kiwi fruit in Jinzhai County is not very large and uneven in size. It has a fragrant and delicious taste, pleasant sweet and sour taste, and is durable for storage.


Food

Jinzhai chestnut cake Jinzhai is the hometown of chestnuts. Jinzhai Chestnut Crisp is made from the local specialty Jinzhai chestnut. Traditional production techniques are combined with Western pastry methods. The resulting chestnut cake melts in your mouth, with crispy skin and sweet fillings. It is a special snack that is very popular among local residents and foreign tourists. Jinzhai Shaobing is produced in Lu'an. Jinzhai Shaobing is also called Jinhua Crispy Cake. It is golden in color, crispy and delicious. It has a round appearance, like a ball. When you bite it, you will get the meaty aroma accompanied by the aroma of dried plums and vegetables. The crispy baked skin is very sweet and delicious, and is deeply loved and welcomed by people. Fried shredded chicken buns have thin skin and thick meat, crispy texture and rich aroma. With the tenderness of the shredded chicken, the taste is even better. It is a delicious snack.


Celebrity

Yingbu was a famous general in the late Qin and early Han dynasties. He was previously one of Xiang Yu's generals. He once accompanied Xiang Yu to destroy Qin and was granted the title of King of Jiujiang. Later, he surrendered to Liu Bang and together with Han Xin destroyed Xiang Yu. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, he was named King of Huainan by Liu Bang for his merits. Together with Han Xin and Peng Yue, he was named the three most famous generals in the early Han Dynasty. He was later killed for rebellion. Duan Qirui (1865–1936), formerly known as Qirui and courtesy name Zhiquan, was known as the "Righteous Old Man" in his later years. He was a native of Liu'an County, Anhui (now Lu'an City). A famous politician in the Republic of China, known as the "Tiger of the North" and the leader of the Anhui warlords. The main target of Sun Yat-sen's "Dharma Protection Movement". Fang Yong (1895–1956), courtesy name Jinglue, was born in Shouxian County. He devoted himself to the study of philology, read extensively about calligraphy and history, and made detailed textual research. He once made friends with Yi Baisha, a famous figure in Chinese studies. He has successively served as a lecturer and professor at Anhui University, editor of the Anhui Provisional General Chronicle Library, compiler of the National Translation and Translation Center, and professor of Anhui University of Political Science. After the Anti-Japanese War, he successively served as a Chinese language teacher in provincial and county middle schools. When students asked questions, he immediately answered them and pointed out the source. The students respected him and called it "the source of the word that fell off the page."


References


External links


Government website of Lu'an
{{authority control Cities in Anhui Prefecture-level divisions of Anhui