Jean Louis Tocqué (; 19 November 1696 – 10 February 1772) was a French painter. He specialized in portrait painting.

Biography

Jean Louis Tocqué was born on 19 November 1696 in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

. His father, who was also a painter, died in April 1710, before Louis was even fourteen. He was eventually brought into the care of another artist,

Jean-Marc Nattier Jean-Marc Nattier (; 17 March 1685 – 7 November 1766) was a French Painting, painter. He was born in Paris, the second son of Marc Nattier (1642–1705), a portrait painter, and of Marie Courtois (1655–1703), a miniaturist. He is noted for hi ...

. Tocqué studied under Nattier, Nicolas Bertin and

Hyacinthe Rigaud Jacint Rigau-Ros i Serra (; 18 July 1659 – 29 December 1743), known in French as Hyacinthe Rigaud (), was a Catalan-French baroque painter most famous for his portraits of Louis XIV and other members of the French nobility. Biography Rigau ...

in the 1720s. He married Jean-Marc Nattier's daughter Marie Nattier in 1747. He died on 10 February 1772 in Paris.

Career

The first works of Tocqué were painted when he was an apprentice of Jean-Marc Nattier. Louis Tocqué was influenced by Hyacinthe Rigaud, who was also one of his tutors and Nicolas de Largillierre, another French painter. His first major work was the painting of the portrait of

Louis XV of France Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defi ...

ordered by his great-grandfather

Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

King of France France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I, king of the Fra ...

. In 1740 he painted the portrait of

Marie Leszczyńska Maria Karolina Zofia Felicja Leszczyńska (; 23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768), also known as Marie Leczinska (), was Queen of France as the wife of King Louis XV from their marriage on 4 September 1725 until her death in 1768. The daughter of St ...

Queen of France This is a list of the women who were queens or empresses as wives of French monarchs from the 843 Treaty of Verdun, which gave rise to West Francia, until 1870, when the French Third Republic was declared. Living wives of reigning monarchs te ...

. From 1737 to 1759 more than fifty of the portraits he painted, were regularly part of the exhibitions of the

Salon Salon may refer to: Common meanings * Beauty salon A beauty salon or beauty parlor is an establishment that provides Cosmetics, cosmetic treatments for people. Other variations of this type of business include hair salons, spas, day spas, ...

, the official

art exhibition An art exhibition is traditionally the space in which art objects (in the most general sense) meet an audience. The exhibit is universally understood to be for some temporary period unless, as is occasionally true, it is stated to be a "permanen ...

of the

Académie des Beaux-Arts The (; ) is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the . The current president of the academy (2021) is Alain-Charles Perrot, a French architect. Background The academy was created in 1816 in Paris as a me ...

. In 1745 he painted the portrait of

Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain Infante (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as "infant" or translated as "prince", is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to the ...

, one year before her death. In 1757 he went to the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

, where he stayed for two years after being invited by Elizaveta Petrovna,

Empress of Russia The emperor and autocrat of all Russia (, ), also translated as emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, was the official title of the Russian monarch from 1721 to 1917. The title originated in connection with Russia's victory in the Great Nor ...

in order to create a ceremonial portrait of her. This portrait is today part of the permanent collection of the

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and holds the large ...

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

in Russia. In the 1760s he traveled to Denmark and created the portraits of the Danish royal family and taught at the

Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts () has provided education in the arts for more than 250 years, playing its part in the development of the art of Denmark. History The Royal Danish Academy of Portraiture, Sculpture, and Architecture in Cope ...

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

Gallery

File:Maria Leszczynska Frankreich.jpg, Louis Tocqué, 1740, Portrait of Marie Leszczyńska (1703–1768), Queen of France, oil on canvas, ,

The Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world. It is located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement of Paris, 1st arron ...

, Paris File:Louis Tocqué, 1736, Portrait of Frederik de Løvenørn.jpg, Louis Tocqué, 1736, Portrait of Frederik de Løvenørn (1715–1779), Museum of National History at Frederiksborg Castle, Denmark File:Mademoiselle de Coislin par Louis Tocqué.jpg, Louis Tocqué, between 1750 and 1759, probably Portrait of Mademoiselle de Coislin, oil on canvas, ,

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of more than 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current di ...

, London File:Louis Philippe Joseph, Duc d'Orleans and Duc de Chartres by Louis Tocqué.jpg, Louis Tocqué, ''Portrait of Louis Philippe Joseph, Duc d'Orleans and Duc de Chartres'' (1747–1793), oil on canvas, File:Головкина Екатерина Ивановна.jpg, Louis Tocqué, 1757, ''Portrait of Ekaterina Golovkin'' (1733–1821), born Shuvalov,

, Saint Petersburg File:Elizabeth of Russia by Louis Tocque.jpeg, Louis Tocqué, 1758, ''Portrait of empress Elizabeth of Russia'' (1708–1762),

, Saint Petersburg File:Anna stroganova 2.jpg, Louis Tocqué, , ''Portrait of Anna Stroganova'' (1743–1769), State Russian Museum, Saint Petersburg File:Château de Versailles, appartements du Dauphin et de la Dauphine, première antichambre du Dauphin, Louis de France, Louis Tocqué 01.jpg, Louis Tocqué, , ''Portrait de Louis de France, Dauphin fils de Louis XV'', oil on canvas, 195 x 144 cm (76.8 c 56.7 in),

Palace of Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...

File:Louis Tocqué, c.1745, Portrait of Frederik Berregaard.jpg, Louis Tocqué, , ''Portrait of Frederik Berregaard'', oil on canvas, , Statens Museum for Kunst File:María Teresa Rafaela of Spain.jpg, Louis Tocqué, 1745, ''Portrait of Maria Teresa of Spain'' (1726–1746) ''as the Dauphine of France'', oil on canvas, ,

File:Portrait du Marquis de Marigny.jpg, Louis Tocqué, c.1756, ''Portrait du Marquis de Marigny'' (1728–1781), oil on canvas,

File:Allegorical Portrait of Urania, Muse of Astronomy by Louis Tocqué.jpg, Follower of Louis Tocqué, ''Allegorical Portrait of Urania, Muse of Astronomy'', oil on canvas, 91 x 73,5 cm

Paintings

* Portrait of Louis, Dauphin of France, 1739 * Portrait of Arnoldus van Rijneveld, 1739 * Portrait of Isaac van Rijneveld, 1739 * Portrait of Marie Leczinska, 1740 * Portrait of

Carl Gustaf Tessin Count Carl Gustaf Tessin (5 September 1695 – 7 January 1770) was a Swedish Count and politician and son of architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger and Hedvig Eleonora Stenbock. He was one of the most brilliant personages of his day, and the mo ...

, 1741 * Portrait of Jean Michel de Grilleau * Portrait of

, 1745 * Madame Dangé faisant des noeuds, 1753 * Portrait of Mademoiselle de Coislin * Portrait of Ivan Shuvalov * Portrait of Ekaterina Golovkina, 1757 * Portrait of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, 1758

References

External links

Louis Tocqué, Musée du Louvre

Agence photographique de la réunion des Musées nationaux
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tocque, Louis 1696 births 1772 deaths 18th-century French painters French male painters Academic staff of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts 18th-century French male artists French expatriates in Denmark