Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles (21 April 1713 in

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...

22 August 1793 in

Saint-Germain-en-Laye Saint-Germain-en-Laye () is a Communes of France, commune in the Yvelines Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. ...

) was a French peer and

Marshal of France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...

Early life

He was the son of

Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné Baroness Francoise Charlotte Amable d'Aubigne-Maintenon, Duchess of Noailles (5 May 1684 – 6 October 1739) was a French aristocrat, the wife of Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles. She was the niece of Françoise d'Aubigné, Madame ...

, niece of

Madame de Maintenon Madame may refer to: * Madam, civility title or form of address for women, derived from the French * Madam (prostitution), a term for a woman who is engaged in the business of procuring prostitutes, usually the manager of a brothel * ''Madame'' ( ...

, and a nephew of

Marie Victoire de Noailles ''Marie Victoire'' Sophie de Noailles, Countess of Toulouse (6 May 1688 in Versailles – 30 September 1766 in Paris), was a French noble and courtier. Her second spouse was Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, Louis Alexandre de Bourb ...

, daughter-in-law of

Louis XIV of France LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

Career

Louis bore the title of

Duke of Ayen The title Duke of Ayen (''duc d'Ayen'') was created by King Louis XV on 12 March 1737 raising the former county of Ayen to a Dukedom. It was used as a courtesy title by the eldest son of the Duke of Noailles. The lineage of Dukes of Ayen are cousi ...

until his

father A father is the male parent of a child. Besides the paternal bonds of a father to his children, the father may have a parental, legal, and social relationship with the child that carries with it certain rights and obligations. A biological fat ...

's death in 1766 when he became

Duke of Noailles The title of Duke of Noailles is a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne de Noailles, Count of Ayen. History Noailles is the name of a prominent French noble family, derived from the castle of Noailles in the territory of Ayen, between Briv ...

. He served in most of the wars of the eighteenth century without particular distinction but was nevertheless made a

in 1775. He refused to emigrate during the

Revolution In political science, a revolution (, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone, all revolutions contain "a common set of elements ...

, and died from natural causes in August 1793, thus escaping the fate of the

guillotine A guillotine ( ) is an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by Decapitation, beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secur ...

. The duke's widow, granddaughter, and daughter-in-law were guillotined on 22 July 1794, twenty-five days after his

brother A brother (: brothers or brethren) is a man or boy who shares one or more parents with another; a male sibling. The female counterpart is a sister. Although the term typically refers to a family, familial relationship, it is sometimes used ende ...

and sister,

sister-in-law A sibling-in-law is the spouse of one's sibling or the sibling of one’s spouse. More commonly, a sibling-in-law is referred to as a brother-in-law for a male sibling-in-law and a sister-in-law for a female sibling-in-law. Sibling-in-law al ...

, their daughter-in-law, and niece had met the same fate. Another granddaughter,

Adrienne Adrienne is the French feminine form of the male name Adrien. Its meaning is literally "from the city of Hadria." * Adrienne Ames (1907–1947), American actress * Adrienne Armstrong (born 1969), wife of Green Day frontman Billie Joe Armstron ...

, wife of

Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette, Marquis de La Fayette (; 6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), known in the United States as Lafayette (), was a French military officer and politician who volunteered to join the Conti ...

, was saved due to the efforts of

James Monroe James Monroe ( ; April 28, 1758July 4, 1831) was an American Founding Father of the United States, Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825. He was the last Founding Father to serve as presiden ...

, then America's Minister to France.ExecutedToday.com
Accessed 10 October 2008 Adrienne and her husband are buried with the Noailles and the other nobles who fell to the guillotine at

Picpus Cemetery Picpus Cemetery (, ) is the largest private cemetery in Paris, France, and is located in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, 12th arrondissement. It was created from land seized from the Coignard, convent of the Chanoinesses de St-Augustin, during ...

Personal life

On 25 February 1737 he married Catherine Françoise Charlotte de Cossé-Brissac, with whom he had four children, two sons and two daughters: * ''Jean''-Louis-Paul-François de Noailles (1739–1824), who married Henriette Anne Louise d'Aguesseau in 1755. After her death in 1794, he married Baroness Wilhelmine Justine von Mosheim in 1796. * Adrienne Catherine de Noailles (1741–1813), who married René de Froulay, Count of Tessé, Marquis de Lavardin, a grandson of

René de Froulay de Tessé René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus. René is the masculine form of the name (Renée being the feminine ...

in 1755. * ''Emmanuel''-Marie-Louis de Noailles (1743–1822), who married Charlotte Françoise de Hallencourt de Dromesnil. * Philippine Louise de Noailles. Louis de Noailles was succeeded by his eldest son, Jean de Noailles. The titles remain among the 4th Duke's descendants in the 21st century.

References

External links

Généalogie de Carné
{{DEFAULTSORT:Noailles, 4e Duc De 1713 births 1793 deaths People from Versailles Burials at Picpus Cemetery Noailles, Louis of

Louis Louis may refer to: People * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer Other uses * Louis (coin), a French coin * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also ...

Marshals of France 18th-century peers of France