Lorenzo Arrazola Y García
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'' D.'' Lorenzo Arrazola y García (10 August 1795, in Checa, Guadalajara,
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– 23 February 1873, in
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, Spain) was a Spanish
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,
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and
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best known for being
Prime Minister of Spain The prime minister of Spain, officially president of the Government (), is the head of government of Spain. The prime minister nominates the Spanish government departments, ministers and chairs the Council of Ministers (Spain), Council of Mini ...
, a six term
Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice, is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...
and two-time President of the Supreme Court.


Early life

García was born in Checa, a small town in
Guadalajara Guadalajara ( ; ) is the capital and the most populous city in the western Mexican List of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco, as well as the most densely populated municipality in Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population ...
. He was able to attend a seminary with the help of his mother's brother, mayor of a village in Benavente. There, he completed his early education, eventually graduating with a degree in
theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...
and
philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...
, during which time he became fluent in
Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
. At 28, García left the seminary in order to join the military, against his uncle's wishes. He later went to
Valladolid Valladolid ( ; ) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and ''de facto'' capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the pr ...
to study civil jurisprudence, becoming chair of the philosophy department and, later, rector of the university. García then went to
Complutense University The Complutense University of Madrid (, UCM; ) is a public research university located in Madrid. Founded in Alcalá in 1293 (before relocating to Madrid in 1836), it is one of the oldest operating universities in the world, and one of Spain's ...
, where he spent a decade as a part of the faculty. In 1829, he married Ana Micaela Guerrera. She was a native of Villanueva de Campa, where García had helped to repair the church after it set fire in 1850. He began his political career in 1835, at age 38, seeking to be elected procurator. In 1837 was designated deputy of the courts in Valladolid, leaving behind law and teaching. His ideological principles settled as he joined the
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and the
Ateneo de Madrid The Ateneo de Madrid ("Athenæum of Madrid") is a private cultural institution located in the capital of Spain that was founded in 1835. Its full name is ''Ateneo Científico, Literario y Artístico de Madrid'' ("Scientific, Literary and Artistic ...
.


Career

In 1837 Arrazola entered his first election, becoming a member of Spain's
Congress of Deputies The Congress of Deputies () is the lower house of the , Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate of Spain, Senate. The Congress meets in the Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid, Palace of the Parliament () in Madrid. Congress has ...
, a seat he held until February 1841. In December 1838 he started his first of six terms as Minister of Grace and Justice. In thanks for creating a new Criminal Code, Queen
Isabella II Isabella II (, María Isabel Luisa de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904) was Queen of Spain from 1833 until her deposition in 1868. She is the only queen regnant in the history of unified Spain. Isabella wa ...
made Arrazola a senator-for-life on 23 December 1848. He served as the 4th
Attorney General of Spain The Attorney General of the State ''(')'', or also, Prosecutor General, is the head of the Prosecution Ministry, Public Prosecutor's Office (''Ministerio Fiscal''), the independent body within the Judiciary, that is tasked with promoting the opera ...
for a short period of time between April and October 1847. He was confirmed as President of the Supreme Court in 1851, a position he held until 1853 and again between 1856 and 1864. Between 1864 and 1867 he is both Minister of Justice and
Minister of Interior An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...
at interim.


References

, - , - , - , - , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Arrazola Y Garcia, Lorenzo Lorenzo Prime ministers of Spain Foreign ministers of Spain Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 1797 births 1873 deaths Moderate Party (Spain) politicians Justice ministers of Spain Attorneys general of Spain Prosecutors general of Spain Presidents of the Supreme Court of Spain