Little Burgundy (, ) is a

neighbourhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourh ...

in the

South West Southwest is a compass point. Southwest, south-west, south west, southwestern or south-western or south western may also refer to: * Southwest (direction), an intercardinal direction Geography *South West Queensland, Australia *South West (Weste ...

borough A borough is an administrative division in various English language, English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. History ...

of the city of

Montreal Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

Geography

Its approximate boundaries are

Atwater Avenue Atwater Avenue (officially in ) is a major north–south street located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It links Doctor Penfield Avenue in the Ville-Marie borough to the north, and Henri Duhamel Street in the Verdun borough to the south. It is na ...

to the west, Saint-Antoine to the north,

Guy Street Guy Street (officially in ) is a north-south street located in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Concordia University's Integrated Engineering, Computer Science and Visual Arts Complex is located on this street, as is the John Molson School of B ...

to the east, and the

Lachine Canal The Lachine Canal (, ) is a canal passing through the southwestern part of the Island of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, running 14.5 kilometres (9 miles) from the Old Port of Montreal to Lake Saint-Louis, through the boroughs of Lachine (borough), L ...

to the south. The adjacent neighbourhoods are the borough of Ville-Marie and

downtown Montreal Downtown Montreal (French language, French: ''Centre-Ville de Montréal'') is the central business district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The district is situated on the southernmost slope of Mount Royal, and occupies the western portion of the ...

to the north and northeast,

Griffintown Griffintown is a historic neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, southwest of downtown. The area existed as a functional neighbourhood from the 1820s until the 1960s and was mainly populated by Irish immigrants and their descendants. Mostly depopulate ...

to the southeast,

Pointe-Saint-Charles Pointe-Saint-Charles (; also known in English as Point Saint Charles, and locally as The Point, or "PSC") is a neighbourhood in the borough of Le Sud-Ouest in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Historically a working-class area, the creation o ...

to the south, and

Saint-Henri Saint-Henri () is a neighbourhood in southwestern Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in the Montreal borough, borough of Le Sud-Ouest. Saint-Henri is bounded to the east by Atwater Avenue, to the west by the town of Montreal West, Quebec, Montreal West, ...

to the west. The neighbourhood comprises the former city of Sainte-Cunégonde and Saint-Joseph's ward.

Origin

There are differing accounts of the origin of the name Little Burgundy (''Petite-Bourgogne''). A surveyor's map of 1855 identifies a property called Bourgogne, owned by the heirs of the Hon. Louis Guy (brother of

Étienne Guy Étienne Guy (February 16, 1774 – December 29, 1820) was a surveyor and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in Montreal in 1774, the son of Pierre Guy (1738-1812), Pierre Guy, studied at the Collège de Montréal, Collège Saint-Ra ...

, for whom

was named). The property corresponds to the areas bounded today by Rue des Seigneurs, Rue Notre-Dame, Rue Saint-Martin, and Rue Saint-Antoine. Official use of the name "Petite Bourgogne" originates from the 1965 preliminary study for the

urban renewal Urban renewal (sometimes called urban regeneration in the United Kingdom and urban redevelopment in the United States) is a program of land redevelopment often used to address real or perceived urban decay. Urban renewal involves the clearing ...

program to refer to the area between the Lachine Canal, the CN railway right of way (now expanded to the

Autoroute Ville-Marie Route 136 (R-136), formerly Autoroute 720, known as the Ville-Marie Expressway (English) or Autoroute Ville-Marie (French) is an Autoroute highway in the Canadian province of Quebec that is a spur route of Autoroute 20 in Montreal. Its western ...

), Atwater street and Guy Street in the 1965 preliminary study for the urban renewal program.Montréal : Service d’urbanisme. ''La Petite Bourgogne: Bulletin Spécial no. 1.'' Montréal: Ville de Montréal, 1965. Archives de la Ville de Montréa
VM097-Z_025op
p. 1. The report takes inspiration from the writing of E.Z. Massicotte, archivist of the City of Montreal and resident of Sainte-Cunégonde, who described the area as a meadow known as "la petite Bourgogne."Massicotte, E.
''La cité de Sainte-Cunégonde de Montréal: notes et souvenirs''
1893. The reference is on page 4. The authors of the urban renewal study "kept this name, full as it is of poetry and nostalgia for another landscape," and this name was retained as the name of the neighbourhood after the renewal program ended. In the early 1980s, the City of Montreal renamed Little Burgundy to ''Quartier Georges-Vanier'', after the Governor General

Georges Vanier Georges-Philias Vanier (; 23 April 1888 – 5 March 1967) was a Canadian military officer, diplomat, and statesman who served as the 19th governor general of Canada from 1959 to 1967, the first Quebecer (demonym), Quebecer and second Can ...

, in an attempt to remove the stigma of the low-income area which public officials believed was deterring investment from private developers. During the public consultations for the City of Montreal's Master Plan (''Plan d'urbanisme'') in 1990, residents requested that the name Petite Bourgogne/Little Burgundy be reinstated.

History

Pre-industrial history

Essentially agricultural until 1810, today's Little Burgundy began to be built up the ward of St. Joseph, a faubourg spreading outside the city walls. The area around Richmond Square was built up in 1819."Fiche de secteur: Place Richmond."
Grand répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Montréal. Accessed July 4, 2011.

Early industrial period

Development accelerated in the mid-19th century with the construction of the Lachine Canal attracted many so-called "smokestack" industries, most notably the

Grand Trunk Railway The Grand Trunk Railway (; ) was a Rail transport, railway system that operated in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario and in the List of states and territories of the United States, American sta ...

yards The yard (symbol: yd) is an English unit of length in both the British imperial and US customary systems of measurement equalling 3 feet or 36 inches. Since 1959 it has been by international agreement standardized as exactly ...

, and the Steel Company of Canada (or

Stelco Stelco Holdings Inc. (known as U.S. Steel Canada from 2007 to 2016) is a Canadian steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario. Stelco was founded in 1910 by the amalgamation of several smaller firms. It continued on for almost 100 years until it ...

) plant, among others. A residential sector was built north of the factories between 1857 and 1864. Originally part of the parish of Saint-Henri-des-Tanneries, it was set up as the village of Delisle in 1864,"De Sainte-Cunégonde à la Petite Bourgogne."
iMTL. Accessed 4 July 2011. then Sainte-Cunégonde in 1876, becoming a town in 1884."Fiche de secteur: Coursol."
Grand répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Montréal. Accessed July 4, 2011. The name derived from St.

Cunigunde of Luxembourg Cunigunde of Luxembourg, OSB () ( 975 – 3 March 1040), also called Cunegundes, Cunegunda, and Cunegonda and, in Latin, Cunegundis or Kinigundis, was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Henry II. She ruled as int ...

, wife of St.

Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor Henry II (; ; ; 6 May 973 – 13 July 1024 AD), also known as Saint Henry, Order of Saint Benedict, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor ("Romanorum Imperator") from 1014. He died without an heir in 1024, and was the last ruler of the Ottonian dy ...

, a reference to the neighbouring parish. The industrial development along the Lachine Canal attracted many prestigious businesses to set up in the Ward of St. Joseph along Rue Notre-Dame, resulting in the construction of many handsome buildings which are the mainstay of today's antiques district."Fiche de secteur: Notre Dame et Des Seigneurs."
Grand répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Montréal. Accessed July 4, 2011. Sainte-Cunégonde was absorbed into the city of Montreal in 1906; the former town hall is now a public library and community centre, located on Vinet Street. Sainte-Cunégonde was bounded by the Lachine Canal, Atwater Avenue, Dorchester Street (now Boul. René-Lévesque), and a straight line from the corner of Atwater and Tupper streets to the basin of the Lachine Canal just west of the St. Gabriel locks. Saint-Joseph Ward was bordered by that line, St. Antoine Street, Victoria Square, McGill Street, and Notre-Dame Street. At this time, the Grand Trunk Railway ran directly through the area, terminating at St. Bonaventure Station.

Deindustrialization and urban renewal

Already hurt by the

Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and ...

before the war, like the rest of the area around Lachine Canal, Little Burgundy was hit hard by the opening of the

St. Lawrence Seaway The St. Lawrence Seaway () is a system of rivers, locks, canals and channels in Eastern Canada and Northern United States that permits oceangoing vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of North America, as far inland ...

in 1956 and the closure of the canal in 1970. Numerous industries left for the suburbs, leaving the area in a state of decay. In 1966, the City of Montreal launched a large urban renewal project in Little Burgundy by demolishing countless residential and commercial buildings, replacing them with

public housing Public housing, also known as social housing, refers to Subsidized housing, subsidized or affordable housing provided in buildings that are usually owned and managed by local government, central government, nonprofit organizations or a ...

developments, and revitalizing other parts of the neighbourhood. Also, the part of the neighbourhood north of Rue Saint-Antoine were demolished in 1970 to make room for the Ville-Marie Expressway, a provincial project. Between Little Burgundy and Saint-Henri, 1160 households were evicted for the expressway. The demolitions resulted in a dramatic displacement of the residents. Between 1968 and 1978, 1441 units of low-income public housing were constructed in Little Burgundy, beginning with ''Habitations Îlots Saint-Martin'' (Saint Martin's Blocks). Although Habitations Jeanne-Mance was the first public housing project in Montreal, Îlots Saint-Martin was the first public housing under Quebec's provincial housing authority (''Société d'habitation du Québec'') and was managed by the municipal housing office (''Office municipal d'habitation de Montréal''). In 1991, public housing was 39.3% of all housing in Little Burgundy and nearly 55% of the area's rental housing.

Gentrification

The city's urban renewal program in Little Burgundy had failed to attract the levels of private development anticipated. Between 1961 and 1971, the proportion of welfare recipients grew dramatically from 10% to 40%. Meanwhile, the area’s population dropped from 14,710 in 1966 to just 7,000 in 1973. The failed renewal scheme displaced up to 70% of the neighbourhood's

Black community Black is a racial classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion. Not all people considered "black" have dark skin and often additional phenotypical ch ...

, particularly affecting business owners and the Black middle-class. As much as a third of the land was vacant by the end of the 1970s. By the 1980s, Little Burgundy became an area of concentrated poverty and was publicly associated with drug use, crime, and youth gangs. In the 1980s, Little Burgundy became one of the targets of the programs ''Opération 10,000'' and ''20,000 Logements'' (Operation 10,00/20,000 Homes), which aimed to increase property tax revenue by bringing a stable homeowner population back to the city. The ''Logements'' programs auctioned lots from the public land bank, much of which had been acquired through the renewal program, to private developers at below-market rates. The land acquired from the removal of the CN railyards in 1982 also figured in the new construction. Between 1980 and 1986, 1179 housing units were constructed through the Logements programs, 233 of which were nonprofit or co-operative housing. Many of the townhouses in Little Burgundy were constructed through the ''Logements'' programs, as well as the Foyer Hongrois home for the elderly. Today, the neighbourhood has endured several phases of

gentrification Gentrification is the process whereby the character of a neighborhood changes through the influx of more Wealth, affluent residents (the "gentry") and investment. There is no agreed-upon definition of gentrification. In public discourse, it has ...

. The sociodemographic profile of the neighbourhood has changed substantially. By 1991, 30% of dwellings were owner occupied. Devertreuil wrote, "Petite Bourgogne saw a 200% increase in administrators and professionals between 1981 and 1986, compared to a 39% increase in St-Henri and a 16% increase in Côte St-Paul." The redevelopment of the

into a linear recreational park during the 1980s and 1990s and the conversion of industrial buildings along its shores into condominiums also contributed to the shifting sociodemographic profile of the neighbourhood. Other factors contributing to the gentrification of the neighbourhood include the 2002 reopening of the Lachine Canal to boat traffic, the revitalization of the

Atwater Market Atwater Market is a market hall located in the Saint-Henri area of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It opened in 1933. The interior market is home to many butchers and the Première Moisson bakery and restaurant. The outside market has many f ...

, and, towards its eastern boundary, the continued expansion of

Université du Québec The Université du Québec () is a system of ten provincially-run public universities in Quebec, Canada. Its headquarters are in Quebec City. The university coordinates 1400 programs for over 100,000 students. The government of Quebec founded ...

École de Technologie Supérieure École de technologie supérieure (, ''Higher Technology School'', ÉTS), founded in 1974, is a public university, public research university in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and affiliated to the Université du Québec system. The school s ...

and the intense redevelopment of Griffintown.

Black community

Starting in 1887, Little Burgundy came to acquire a unique niche as the home of Montreal's working-class

English-speaking The English-speaking world comprises the 88 countries and territories in which English is an official, administrative, or cultural language. In the early 2000s, between one and two billion people spoke English, making it the largest language ...

Black Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''P ...

community. Montreal’s emergence as a railway hub in the late nineteenth century led to the migration of hundreds of black workers from the United States, the Caribbean, and the Maritimes. Sainte-Cunégonde, as the area was then known, became home to a great many

African-American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. ...

Black Canadian Black Canadians () are Canadians of full or partial Afro-Caribbean or sub-Saharan African descent. Black Canadian settlement and immigration patterns can be categorized into two distinct groups. The majority of Black Canadians are descendants ...

and

Afro-Caribbean Afro-Caribbean or African Caribbean people are Caribbean people who trace their full or partial ancestry to Sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of the modern Afro-Caribbean people descend from the Indigenous peoples of Africa, Africans (primarily fr ...

workers due to its location near Montreal's train stations. Many West Indian women, from both the Francophone and Anglophone Caribbean, came to the neighbourhood after the Domestic Immigration Program of 1955 was established. To combat poverty and social exclusion, the nascent Black community founded numerous social organizations: the Coloured Women’s Club of Montreal in 1902, the Union United Congregational Church in 1907, the

UNIA ''Unia'' (), released on 25 May 2007, is the fifth full-length studio album by the power metal band Sonata Arctica, following the album '' Reckoning Night''. The first single from the album was " Paid in Full", released on 27 April 2007. This is ...

in 1919, the Negro Community Centre in 1927, and the Elk's Victory Lodge in 1941."Little Burgundy."
McGill University Faculty of Architecture. Accessed July 4, 2011. The parents of American Civil Rights leader

Malcolm X Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African American revolutionary, Islam in the United States, Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figur ...

met each other in Montreal through their involvement in the UNIA. The neighbourhood became famous for producing several talented

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...

musicians;

Oscar Peterson Oscar Emmanuel Peterson (August 15, 1925 – December 23, 2007) was a Canadian jazz pianist and composer. As a virtuoso who is considered to be one of the greatest Jazz piano, jazz pianists of all time, Peterson released more than 200 recordin ...

and Oliver Jones are the two best-known. Other jazz artists who had resided in the community were

Charlie Biddle Charles Reed Biddle, (July 28, 1926 – February 4, 2003) was an American-Canadian jazz bassist. He lived most of his life in Montreal, organizing and performing in jazz music events. Early life and education Biddle was born and grew up in ...

and Daisy Sweeney. During

Prohibition Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic b ...

and the later pre-

Jean Drapeau Jean Drapeau (; 18 February 1916 – 12 August 1999) was a Canadian politician who served as mayor of Montreal for 2 non-consecutive terms from 1954 to 1957 and from 1960 to 1986. Major accomplishments of the Drapeau Administration include ...

years as an 'open city,' Little Burgundy was home to several

nightclubs A nightclub or dance club is a club that is open at night, usually for drinking, dancing and other entertainment. Nightclubs often have a bar and discotheque (usually simply known as disco) with a dance floor, laser lighting displays, and ...

featuring homegrown and international performers; one of them was Rockhead's Paradise, owned by Rufus Rockhead, after whom a street is named. Other nightclubs that presented live music include the Café Saint-Michel and the Black Bottom. The decline of passenger train travel in the 1950s and 1960s hit the community hard, as hundreds of men were laid off. At the same time, Black-owned properties were

expropriated Eminent domain, also known as land acquisition, compulsory purchase, resumption, resumption/compulsory acquisition, or expropriation, is the compulsory acquisition of private property for public use. It does not include the power to take and t ...

by the city to build new highways, and many homes were torn down to clear land for a public housing project. Many Black families moved away. Little Burgundy, which was once home to 90 per cent of the city’s Black residents, by 1996 was now home to only 2 per cent of all Blacks in Montreal. In 1996, 21.2% of Little Burgundy residents were Black. By 2016, this number further declined to 15.9%. In 2021, filmmaker Henri Pardo created a film titled '' Dear Jackie'', which focused on the once-thriving Black neighbourhood. The film shares personal stories and interviews from Black residents who have resided in Little Burgundy, through the use of love letters to

Jackie Robinson Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first Black American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the Baseball color line, ...

. The film explores the discrimination and racism experienced by the Black community within one of Canada's most integral Black communities.

Transportation

This neighbourhood is served by the

Georges-Vanier station Georges-Vanier station () is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Le Sud-Ouest in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Orange Line. It is located in the Little Burgundy ar ...

on the

Montreal Metro The Montreal Metro (, ) is a rubber-tired underground rapid transit system serving Greater Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The metro, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM), was inaugurated on October 14, 1966, during the tenure ...

Lionel-Groulx station Lionel-Groulx is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Le Sud-Ouest in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and is a transfer station between the Green Line and Orange Line, with cross- ...

is also located nearby to the west in

. Major thoroughfares are Atwater Avenue, Georges Vanier Boulevard, Guy Street, Saint Antoine Street, Saint Jacques Street, and Notre Dame Street. The Ville-Marie Expressway bounds the neighbourhood to the north.

Education

The

École de technologie supérieure École de technologie supérieure (, ''Higher Technology School'', ÉTS), founded in 1974, is a public university, public research university in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and affiliated to the Université du Québec system. The school s ...

is located in the eastern end of the neighbourhood. Many young Francophone teens from the area attend Polyvalente St-Henri which is located in the adjacent neighbourhood of St-Henri, while the Anglophone teens depending on religion attended James Lyng & Westmount High School.

Recreation and culture

Sporting facilities include the Centre sportif Georges-Vanier, Parc Oscar-Peterson, and Parc Vinet, and the green spaces along the Lachine Canal. A library and cultural centre is located at the corner of Workman and Vinet. Several historic sites and buildings are located in the neighbourhood, including the Lachine Canal Natural Historic Site of Canada and its Pointe-des-Seigneurs archeological site and the Negro Community Centre.

Commerce

The

is located at the southwestern corner of the neighbourhood. Little Burgundy is home to the North American arm of

Ninja Tune Ninja Tune is an independent record label based in London, with a satellite office in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1990 by musicians Matt Black and Jonathan More, known collectively as Coldcut. The label was established as an outlet for Col ...

records, many architecture and design offices, new restaurants, as well a longstanding antiques row along Notre-Dame West, formally organized as the "Quartier des Antiquaires".

Demographics

Home language (2006)

Points of interest

Union United Church The Union United Church of Montreal is Montreal, Quebec, Canada's oldest black congregation. It was founded in 1907 by several members of Montreal's black community who experienced racial conflict and were banned from entering all-white churches. ...

Notable people

Tyrone Benskin Tyrone Benskin (born 29 December 1958) is an English-Canadian actor, theatre director and politician. He was elected Member of Parliament in the Jeanne-Le Ber riding, in Montreal, Quebec, in the 2011 Canadian federal election and served as an ...

, former member of Parliament for

Jeanne-Le Ber Jeanne-Le Ber was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. Its population in 2006 was 112,863. It was abolished for the 2015 election and dissolved into Ville-Mar ...

Réjean Ducharme Réjean Ducharme (August 12, 1941 – August 21, 2017) was a Canadian writer, novelist and playwright who resided in Montreal. He was known for his reclusive personality and did not appear at any public functions since his first successful bo ...

, reclusive

novelist A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living wage, living writing novels and other fiction, while other ...

who lived the last 25 years of his life on Quesnel Street. *

Aegidius Fauteux Aegidius Fauteux (27 September 1876 – 22 April 1941) was a journalist, librarian and historian. He was designated a Person of National Historic Significance by the Canadian Government in 1955. Rue Aegidius-Fauteux in Montreal is named after hi ...

, journalist and historian *

Nate Husser Nate Husser is the stage name of Nathaniel Huskinson,Nantali Indongo"Little Burgundy's Husser poised to take up mantle of Canada's rap royalty" CBC News Montreal, November 20, 2017. a Canadian rapper from Montreal, Quebec.Clayton Tomlinson"Nate Hus ...

, rapperNantali Indongo
"Little Burgundy's Husser poised to take up mantle of Canada's rap royalty"

CBC News CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC ...

Montreal, November 20, 2017. *

Michaëlle Jean Michaëlle Jean (; born September 6, 1957) is a Canadian former journalist who served as the 27th governor general of Canada from 2005 to 2010. She is the first Haitian Canadian and black person to hold this office. Jean was the Organisation i ...

, journalist, broadcaster, and Governor General of Canada * Oliver Jones, jazz pianist and composer *

Preme Raynford Avery Humphrey (born January 8, 1986), better known by his stage name Preme ( ; formerly P Reign), is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He initially guest appeared on the 2011 singles " Alone Again" by Alyssa R ...

, hip hop artist (born in Little Burgundy) *

, jazz pianist and composer *

, soldier, diplomat, and Governor General of Canada (born near the street now named for him) *

Alexsandra Wright Alexsandra Wright (born February 17, 1971) is a Canadian former actress. She was previously in a relationship with Mathew Knowles and has one child with him. Biography Wright was born on February 17, 1971, in Montreal, Quebec. Wright's acting c ...

, actress

References

External links

{{Authority control

External links

Walking in Little Burgundy
Black Canadian culture in Montreal Black Canadian settlements Ethnic enclaves in Quebec Neighbourhoods in Montreal Le Sud-Ouest Gentrification in Canada

Geography

Origin

History

Pre-industrial history

Early industrial period

Deindustrialization and urban renewal

Gentrification

Black community

Transportation

Education

Recreation and culture

Commerce

Demographics

Points of interest

Notable people

See also

References

External links

External links