The

natural environment The natural environment or natural world encompasses all life, biotic and abiotic component, abiotic things occurring nature, naturally, meaning in this case not artificiality, artificial. The term is most often applied to Earth or some parts ...

, commonly referred to simply as the environment, is all living and non-living things that occur naturally on Earth or some part of it (e.g. the natural environment in a country). This includes complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive human intervention, including all

vegetation Vegetation is an assemblage of plants and the ground cover they provide. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular Taxon, taxa, life forms, structure, Spatial ecology, spatial extent, or any other specific Botany, botanic ...

, animals, microorganisms, rocks, atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries. And it includes universal natural

resources ''Resource'' refers to all the materials available in our environment which are Technology, technologically accessible, Economics, economically feasible and Culture, culturally Sustainability, sustainable and help us to satisfy our needs and want ...

and

physical phenomena Physical may refer to: *Physical examination In a physical examination, medical examination, clinical examination, or medical checkup, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a Disease, medical co ...

that lack clear-cut boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as

energy Energy () is the physical quantity, quantitative physical property, property that is transferred to a physical body, body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of Work (thermodynamics), work and in the form of heat and l ...

radiation In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. This includes: * ''electromagnetic radiation'' consisting of photons, such as radio waves, microwaves, infr ...

electric charge Electric charge (symbol ''q'', sometimes ''Q'') is a physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Electric charge can be ''positive'' or ''negative''. Like charges repel each other and ...

, and

magnetism Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other. Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, ...

, not originating from human activity.

General lists

* List of anti-nuclear groups * List of Areas of Critical Environmental Concern in Colorado * List of articles associated with nuclear issues in California * List of atmospheric dispersion models * List of California Air Districts *

List of car-free places This is a list of car-free islands: List of islands by population, islands inhabited by humans which have Carfree city, legally restricted or eliminated vehicle traffic from their territories. See also * Carfree city * Car-free movement * Lis ...

* List of climate change initiatives * List of climate change topics * List of climate research satellites * List of coalfields * List of composting systems * List of conservation issues *

List of conservation topics A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but ...

List of forestry technical schools ''(For higher educational institutions offering Bachelor's degree, bachelor's, Master's degree, master's or Doctor of philosophy, doctoral degrees in forestry and related fields see: List of forestry universities and colleges.)'' This is a list ...

List of forestry universities and colleges This is a list of tertiary educational institutions around the world offering Bachelor's degree, bachelor's, Master's degree, master's or Doctor of philosophy, doctoral degrees in forestry, agronomy, animal sciences, or related fields. Where note ...

* List of fuel cell vehicles * List of global sustainability statistics * List of Green topics * List of historic schools of forestry * List of international environmental agreements * List of Kyoto Protocol signatories * List of largest oil and gas companies by revenue * List of largest unfragmented rivers * List of largest wilderness areas in the United States * List of low emissions locomotives * List of March for Science locations * List of most polluted cities in the world * List of National Wildlife Refuges at risk from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill * List of National Wildlife Refuges established for endangered species * List of natural gas fields * List of natural gas pipelines * List of nature centres in Australia * List of nuclear close calls * List of nuclear test sites * List of nuclear waste treatment technologies * List of nuclear weapon test locations * List of nuclear weapons tests * List of oil and gas fields of the Barents Sea *

List of oil fields This list of oil fields includes some Giant oil and gas fields, major oil fields of the past and present. The list is incomplete; there are more than 25,000 petroleum, oil and natural gas, gas Petroleum reservoir#gas field, fields of all sizes i ...

* List of oil pipelines *

List of oil refineries This is a list of oil refinery, oil refineries. The ''Oil & Gas Journal'' publishes a worldwide list of refineries annually in a country-by-country tabulation that includes for each refinery: location, crude oil daily processing capacity, and the s ...

* List of old growth forests * List of open-pit mines * List of parties to the Environmental Modification Convention * List of periods and events in climate history * List of populated places affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake * List of previously issued tornado emergencies * List of proposed geoengineering schemes * List of pseudoscientific water fuel inventions * List of renewable energy organizations * List of renewable energy technologies * List of renewable energy topics by country * List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom * List of reservoirs by surface area *

List of solid waste treatment technologies The article contains a list of different forms of solid waste treatment technologies and facilities employed in waste management infrastructure. Waste handling facilities * Civic amenity site (CA site) * Transfer station (waste management), Transf ...

* List of sperm whale strandings * List of sterile insect technique trials * List of Superfund sites in the United States * List of supranational environmental agencies * List of sustainable agriculture topics * List of sustainable buildings in Australia * List of tallest smokestacks in Canada * List of threatened ecological communities of Western Australia * List of topics related to global warming * List of types of formally designated forests * List of U.S. states by carbon dioxide emissions * List of United States federal environmental statutes * List of waste disposal incidents * List of waste management acronyms *

List of waste management companies In this List of notable waste management companies, many entries are Multinational corporations: the associated country listing is by location of ''Management HQ''. Companies See also

*LAWDC contains list of UK local authority waste dispos ...

* List of waste management concepts * List of waste types * List of waste water treatment technologies * List of wilderness study areas * Lists of reservoirs and dams

Lists of countries

List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions This is a list of sovereign states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on thEDGAR databasecreated by European Commission and Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The following ...

List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita carbon dioxide emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on thEDGAR databasecreated by European Commission. The following table lists the annual per capita emissi ...

* List of countries by coal production * List of countries by ecological footprint * List of countries by electricity consumption * List of countries by electricity production *

List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, bu ...

* List of countries by energy consumption per capita * List of countries by energy intensity * List of countries by forest area * List of countries by freshwater withdrawal *

List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions This is a list of sovereign states and territories by greenhouse gas emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on thEDGAR databasecreated by European Commission. The following table lists the 1970, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2021 ...

* List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per capita * List of countries by irrigated land area *

List of countries by natural disaster risk Rankings Legend Rankings by country See also * Effects of climate change on humans * Gamma-ray burst * Emergency management ** Civil defense, Civil defence ** Disaster risk reduction * Environmental disaster ** List of environmental ...

* List of countries by natural gas consumption *

List of countries by natural gas exports This is a list of countries by natural gas exports based on statistics from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). The gas amounts in this list are the ''gross'' amount of natural gas exported. (So, for example, Greece is listed as ex ...

* List of countries by natural gas imports * List of countries by natural gas production *

List of countries by natural gas proven reserves This list is based on the ''CIA World Factbook'' (when no citation is given).List of countries by net oil exports * List of countries by oil consumption *

List of countries by oil exports This is a list of oil-producing countries by Petroleum, oil exports based on data for 2022 by CEIC.' Oil in this list refers to base crude oil only, and not refined petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel and airplane fuel. In 2022, Petrole ...

List of countries by oil imports This is a list of countries by oil imports based on ''The World Factbook'' and other sources. Many countries also export oil, and some export more oil than they import. See also * List of countries by oil exports This is a list of oil-pr ...

* List of countries by oil production * List of countries by percentage of water area *

List of countries by proven oil reserves Oil reserves, Proven oil reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated, with a high degree of confidence, to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward from known ...

* List of countries by recoverable shale gas * List of countries by total length of pipelines * List of countries by total primary energy consumption and production * List of countries by total renewable water resources *

List of oil-producing states This is a list of countries by oil production (i.e., petroleum production), as compiled from the U.S. Energy Information Administration database for calendar year 2023, tabulating all countries on a comparable best-estimate basis. Compared wi ...

* List of Ramsar Convention contracting parties *

List of states with nuclear weapons Nine sovereign states are generally understood to possess nuclear weapons, though only eight formally acknowledge possessing them. Five are considered to be nuclear-weapon states (NWS) under the terms of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation ...

Lists of disasters

List of environmental disasters This article is a list of environmental disasters. In this context it is an annotated list of specific events caused by human activity that results in a negative effect on the Environment (biophysical), environment. Environmental disasters by c ...

* List of environmental incidents in the fossil fuel industry in Australia *

List of gold mining disasters This is a list of gold mining disasters including environmental, such as those arising due to dam failure, cyanide leakage into the environment, as well as inappropriate environmental toxic waste discharge due to the gold cyanidation technique gold ...

* List of man-made disasters * List of man-made mass chronic poisoning incidents * List of nuclear and radiation accidents by country * List of oil spills * List of pipeline accidents * List of pipeline accidents in the United States * List of pipeline accidents in the United States before 1900 * List of pipeline accidents in the United States (1900–1949) * List of pipeline accidents in the United States (1950–1974) * List of pipeline accidents in the United States (1975–1999) * List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 21st century * List of power outages * List of tornado-related deaths at schools * List of tornadoes causing 100 or more deaths *

Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents These are lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents. Main lists * List of nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents * List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll * List of civilian nuclear accidents * List o ...

Lists of emissions into the air

* Criteria air contaminants * Flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion * Motor vehicle emissions * Wildland fire emission

Lists of people

* Heroes of the Environment (2007) * Heroes of the Environment (2008) * Heroes of the Environment (2009) * List of American non-fiction environmental writers * List of anti-nuclear advocates in Germany * List of anti-nuclear advocates in the United States * List of climate scientists * List of conservationists * List of environmental killings * List of environmental engineers * List of environmental lawyers * List of environmental philosophers * List of ministers of climate change *

List of ministers of natural environment of Brazil A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but ...

* List of ministers of the environment * List of non-fiction environmental writers * List of pro-nuclear environmentalists * List of scientists opposing the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming

Lists of people and organizations

* Global 500 Roll of Honour * List of environment and forest research institutes in India * List of population concern organizations * List of rare breed livestock charities

Lists of power stations

* List of coal power stations *

List of conventional hydroelectric power stations This article lists hydroelectricity, hydroelectric power stations that generate power using the Hydroelectricity#Generating methods, conventional dammed method. This list includes power stations that are larger than in maximum net capacity, and a ...

* List of fuel oil power stations * List of geothermal power stations * List of largest hydroelectric power stations * List of largest power stations in the United States *

List of largest power stations in the world This article lists the largest Electricity generation, power stations in the world, the ten overall and the five of each type, in terms of installed electrical Nameplate capacity, capacity. Non-renewable resource, Non-renewable power stations are ...

* List of least carbon efficient power stations * List of natural gas power stations * List of nuclear power stations * List of nuclear reactors * List of offshore wind farms * List of onshore wind farms * List of photovoltaic power stations *

List of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations The following page lists all pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations that are larger than in installed generating capacity, which are currently operational or under construction. Those power stations that are smaller than , and those that are ...

* List of run-of-the-river hydroelectric power stations * List of solar thermal power stations * List of tidal power stations * List of wave power stations * Lists of offshore wind farms by country * Lists of offshore wind farms by water area * Lists of wind farms by country :(Many more lists are in :Lists of power stations.)

Lists of publications

* List of Australian environmental books * List of books about coal mining * List of books about energy issues *

List of books about nuclear issues A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, bu ...

* List of climate change books *

List of environmental books Humans have been writing about the environment for centuries, and the environment has figured prominently as a theme in both Western and Eastern philosophies. Books about or featuring the environment as a prominent theme have proliferated especial ...

* List of environmental economics journals * List of environmental journals * List of environmental law reviews and journals * List of environmental periodicals * List of environmental reports * List of environmental social science journals * List of environmental websites * List of forestry journals * List of planning journals

Lists of species

* List of endangered species threatened by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill * List of invasive species * List of threatened fauna of Michigan * List of threatened flora of Australia * List of threatened species of the Philippines * List of wildlife species at risk * List of the world's 100 worst invasive species * Lists of mammals by population * Rote Liste (German: "Red List")

Lists of terminology

* Air pollution dispersion terminology

Glossaries

* Glossary of climate change * Glossary of ecology * Glossary of environmental science *

Glossary of wildfire terms This glossary of wildfire terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to wildfires and wildland firefighting. Except where noted, terms have largely been sourced from a 1998 Fireline Handbook transcribed for a Conflict 21 counter- ...

Indexes

Outlines

* Outline of ecology * Outline of energy * Outline of environmental journalism * Outline of fishing * Outline of forestry * Outline of geoengineering * Outline of mining * Outline of nuclear technology * Outline of water * Outline of watersheds

Tables

* Table of biofuel crop yields * Table of historic and prehistoric climate indicators * Tables of European

biogas Biogas is a gaseous renewable energy source produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste, Wastewater treatment, wastewater, and food waste. Biogas is produced by anaerobic ...

utilisation

Timelines

Timeline of environmental events This timeline lists events in the external environment that have influenced events in human history. This timeline is for use with the article on environmental determinism. For the history of humanity's influence on the environment, and humanit ...

* Timeline of environmental history * Timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster * Timeline of the Fukushima Daini nuclear accidents * Timeline of genetically modified organisms * Timeline of history of environmentalism * Timeline of major U.S. environmental and occupational health regulation * Timeline of Minamata disease * Timeline of the New Zealand environment * Timeline of nuclear weapons development * Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake * Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake

External lists

* '' Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation'' (book) * Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites List * National Priorities List * Toxic 100