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This chronological list of
pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
s corresponds to that given in the ''
Annuario Pontificio The ''Annuario Pontificio'' ( Italian for ''Pontifical Yearbook'') is the annual directory of the Holy See of the Catholic Church. It lists the popes in chronological order and all officials of the Holy See's departments. It also provides name ...
'' under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as
antipope An antipope ( la, antipapa) is a person who makes a significant and substantial attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. At times between the 3rd and mid- ...
s. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the ''Annuario Pontificio'' no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times. The 2001 edition of the ''Annuario Pontificio'' introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope. The term ''
pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
'' ( la, text=papa, translation=father) is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including '' Summus Pontifex'', '' Pontifex Maximus'', and ''
Servus servorum Dei Servant of the servants of God ( la, servus servorum Dei) is one of the titles of the pope and is used at the beginning of papal bulls. History Pope Gregory I (pope from 590 to 604) was the first pope to use this title extensively to refer to ...
''. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification. Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century.
Christopher Christopher is the English language, English version of a Europe-wide name derived from the Greek language, Greek name Χριστόφορος (''Christophoros'' or ''Christoforos''). The constituent parts are Χριστός (''Christós''), "Jesus ...
was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy. Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the
Western Schism The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Vatican Standoff, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon bo ...
, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants
Alexander V Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
and
John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 19 ...
as antipopes. A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs (see List of murdered popes).


Chronological list of popes


1st millennium


1st century


2nd century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , c. 199 –
c. 200
, '' Natalius''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Italia, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Roman. In opposition to pope Zephyrinus. Later reconciled.


3rd century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 217 –
235
, ''St Hippolytus''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 170 AD
Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...
, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 47 / 65 , style="font-size:85%", Greek. In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below). , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , March 251 –
258
, ''
Novatian Novatian (c. 200–258) was a scholar, priest, and theologian. He is considered by the Catholic Church to have been an antipope between 251 and 258. Some Greek authors give his name as Novatus, who was an African presbyter. He was a noted th ...
''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 200–20 AD Rome, Italia, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 31–51 / 38–58 , style="font-size:85%", Roman. Founder of
Novatianism Novatianism or Novationism was an early Christian sect devoted to the theologian Novatian ( 200–258) that held a strict view that refused readmission to communion of '' lapsi'' (those baptized Christians who had denied their faith or performed ...
. In opposition to Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I and Sixtus II.


4th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 355 –
22 November 365
, '' Felix II''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 300 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 55 / 65 , style="font-size:85%", Roman. In opposition to
Pope Liberius Pope Liberius (310 – 24 September 366) was the bishop of Rome from 17 May 352 until his death. According to the '' Catalogus Liberianus'', he was consecrated on 22 May as the successor to Pope Julius I. He is not mentioned as a saint in ...
. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor
Constantius II Constantius II (Latin: ''Flavius Julius Constantius''; grc-gre, Κωνστάντιος; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germanic ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 1 October 366 –
16 November 367
, '' Ursinus''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Italy, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Roman. In opposition to
Damasus I Pope Damasus I (; c. 305 – 11 December 384) was the bishop of Rome from October 366 to his death. He presided over the Council of Rome of 382 that determined the canon or official list of sacred scripture. He spoke out against major heresies (i ...
. Banished to Gallia by Emperor
Valentinian II Valentinian II ( la, Valentinianus; 37115 May 392) was a Roman emperor in the western part of the Roman empire between AD 375 and 392. He was at first junior co-ruler of his brother, was then sidelined by a usurper, and only after 388 sole rule ...
after a war between two sects and died after 384.


5th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 27 December 418 –
3 April 419
, '' Eulalius''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 350–80 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 68–38 / 69–39 (†72–42) , style="font-size:85%", Roman. In opposition to
Pope Boniface I Pope Boniface I ( la, Bonifatius I) was the bishop of Rome from 28 December 418 to his death on 4 September 422. His election was disputed by the supporters of Eulalius until the dispute was settled by Emperor Honorius. Boniface was active in ...
. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor Honorius, but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 22 November 498 –
Aug 506/8
, ''
Laurence Laurence is an English and French given name (usually female in French and usually male in English). The English masculine name is a variant of Lawrence and it originates from a French form of the Latin ''Laurentius'', a name meaning "man from ...
''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 460 AD Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 38 / 46 (†48) , style="font-size:85%", Roman. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King
Theodoric Theodoric is a Germanic given name. First attested as a Gothic name in the 5th century, it became widespread in the Germanic-speaking world, not least due to its most famous bearer, Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. Overview The name ...
settled in favor of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.


6th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 22 September 530 –
14 October 530
, '' Dioscore''
, style="font-size:85%",
Alexandria Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandr ...
,
Aegyptus In Greek mythology, Aegyptus or Ægyptus (; grc, Αἴγυπτος) was a legendary king of ancient Egypt. He was a descendant of the princess Io through his father Belus, and of the river-god Nilus as both the father of Achiroe, his mother ...
,
Eastern Roman Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantin ...
, style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Greek. In opposition to Pope Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by
Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth ( Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...
, he died less than a month after his election.


7th century


8th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 22 March 752 –
25 March 752

, ,
Stephen Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; h ...

, Stephanus , style="font-size:85%", c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome
(formally Eastern Roman Empire) , style="font-size:85%", 52 / 52 , style="font-size:85%", Roman. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received
episcopal consecration A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...
. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.


9th century


10th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , October 903 –
January 904

, ''
Christopher Christopher is the English language, English version of a Europe-wide name derived from the Greek language, Greek name Χριστόφορος (''Christophoros'' or ''Christoforos''). The constituent parts are Χριστός (''Christós''), "Jesus ...
''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to
Leo V Leo V or Leon V may refer to: * Leo V the Armenian (813–820), Byzantine emperor * Pope Leo V, pope in 903 * Leo V, King of Armenia (1342–1393), of the House of Lusignan; last Latin king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia * Leo V (dwarf galaxy) ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 6 December 963 –
26 February 964

, '' Leo VIII''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 915 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 48 / 49 , style="font-size:85%", Italian. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by the modern Catholic Church. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , July 974 –
July 974

, ''
Boniface VII Antipope Boniface VII (died 20 July 985), otherwise known as Franco Ferrucci, was a Catholic prelate who claimed the Holy See in 974 and from 984 until 985. A popular tumult compelled him to flee to Constantinople in 974; he carried off a vast tr ...
''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Italian, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to
Benedict VI Pope Benedict VI ( la, Benedictus VI; died June 974) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 19 January 973 to his death in 974. His brief pontificate occurred in the political context of the establishment of the Holy Roman Emp ...
and Benedict VII. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 20 August 984 –
20 July 985

, ''
Boniface VII Antipope Boniface VII (died 20 July 985), otherwise known as Franco Ferrucci, was a Catholic prelate who claimed the Holy See in 974 and from 984 until 985. A popular tumult compelled him to flee to Constantinople in 974; he carried off a vast tr ...
''
, style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to John XIV and
John XV John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...
, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , April 997 –
February 998

, '' John XVI''
, style="font-size:85%", c. 941 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 55 / 56 (†60) , style="font-size:85%", Greek. In opposition to
Gregory V Gregory may refer to: People and fictional characters * Gregory (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gregory (surname), a surname Places Australia * Gregory, Queensland, a town in the Shire ...


2nd millennium


11th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 12 June 1012 –
31 December 1012
, , '' Gregory VI''
, Gregorio , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to Benedict VIII , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 4 April 1058 –
24 January 1059
, , ''
Benedict X Benedict X (died 1073/1080), born Giovanni, was elected to succeed Pope Stephen IX on 5 April 1058, but was opposed by a rival faction that elected Nicholas II. He fled Rome on 24 January 1059 and is today generally regarded as an antipope.Mary St ...
''
, Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to
Nicholas II Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Polan ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 30 September 1061 –
1072
, , '' Honorius II''
, Pietro Candalus , style="font-size:85%", 1010
Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...
, Holy Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 61 / 72 , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to
Pope Alexander II Pope Alexander II (1010/1015 – 21 April 1073), born Anselm of Baggio, was the head of the Roman Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1061 to his death in 1073. Born in Milan, Anselm was deeply involved in the Pataria reform ...
, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 25 June 1080 –
8 September 1100
, , '' Clement III''
, Pietro Cadnalus , style="font-size:85%", 1010
Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...
, Holy Roman Empire , style="font-size:85%", 61 / 72 , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to Pope Gregory VII, Pope Victor III,
Pope Urban II Pope Urban II ( la, Urbanus II;  – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening th ...
and
Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050  1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was cr ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 8 September 1100 –
January 1101
, , ''
Theodoric Theodoric is a Germanic given name. First attested as a Gothic name in the 5th century, it became widespread in the Germanic-speaking world, not least due to its most famous bearer, Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. Overview The name ...
''
, Teodorico , style="font-size:85%", c. 1030 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 70 / 71 , style="font-size:85%", Lombard. In opposition to
Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050  1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was cr ...


12th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , January 1101 –
February 1102
, , '' Adalbert''
, Adalberto
O.S.B. , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Lombard. In opposition to
Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050  1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was cr ...
, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , — , 8 November 1105 –
11 April 1111
, , '' Sylvester IV''
, Maguinulf , style="font-size:85%", 1050 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 49 / 55 (†56) , style="font-size:85%", German. In opposition to
Paschal II Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050  1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was cr ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 10 March 1118 –
20 April 1121
, , '' Gregory VIII''
, Maurice Baurdain , style="font-size:85%", c. 1060
Limousin Limousin (; oc, Lemosin ) is a former administrative region of southwest-central France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It comprised three departments: Corrèze, Creuse, and Haute-Vienn ...
,
Occitania Occitania ( oc, Occitània , , or ) is the historical region in Western and Southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes still used as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasse ...
, France , style="font-size:85%", 58 / 61 (†77) , style="font-size:85%", French (Occitan). In opposition to
Gelasius II Pope Gelasius II (c. 1060/1064 – 29 January 1119), born Giovanni Caetani or Giovanni da Gaeta (also called ''Coniulo''), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 January 1118 to his death in 1119. A monk of Monte C ...
and
Callixtus II Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II ( – 13 December 1124), born Guy of Burgundy, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 1119 to his death in 1124. His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy, ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 16 December 1124–
16 December 1124
, , '' Celestine II''
, Teobaldo Boccapecora , style="font-size:85%", 1050 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 74 / 74 (†76) , style="font-size:85%", French. In opposition to Honorius II. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 14 February 1130 –
25 January 1138
, , '' Anacletus II''
, Pietro Pierleoni
O.S.B. , style="font-size:85%", 1090 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 40 / 48 , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to
Innocent II Pope Innocent II ( la, Innocentius II; died 24 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope was controversial and the fi ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 23 March 1138 –
25 March 1138
, , '' Victor IV''
, Gregorio Conti , style="font-size:85%", Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", — , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In Opposition to
Pope Innocent II Pope Innocent II ( la, Innocentius II; died 24 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope was controversial and the fi ...
, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 7 September 1159 –
20 April 1164
, , '' Victor IV''
, Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli , style="font-size:85%", 1095 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 64 / 69 , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to Pope Alexander III. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 28 April 1164 –
22 September 1168
, , '' Paschal III''
, Guido di Crema , style="font-size:85%", 1110 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 54 / 58 , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to Alexander III. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 30 September 1168 –
29 August 1178
, , '' Callixtus III''
, Giovanni di Struma
O.S.B. , style="font-size:85%", 1090 Rome, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 78 / 88 , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to Alexander III. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 29 September 1179 –
January 1180
, , ''
Innocent III Pope Innocent III ( la, Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 to his death in 16 ...
''
, Lando di Sezze (or Lanzo) , style="font-size:85%", 1120 Sezze, Papal States , style="font-size:85%", 59 / 60 (†63) , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to Alexander III.


13th century


14th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 12 May 1328–
25 July 1330
, , ''
Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V ( la, Nicholaus V; it, Niccolò V; 13 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene made ...
''
, Pietro Rainalducci,
O.F.M. , style="font-size:85%", 1260 Corvaro,
Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct Sovereignty, sovereign rule of ...
, style="font-size:85%", 68 / 70 (†73) , style="font-size:85%", Italian. In opposition to
John XXII Pope John XXII ( la, Ioannes PP. XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death in December 1334. He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope, elected b ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 20 September 1378 –
16 September 1394
, , ''
Clement VII Pope Clement VII ( la, Clemens VII; it, Clemente VII; born Giulio de' Medici; 26 May 1478 – 25 September 1534) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 November 1523 to his death on 25 September 1534. Deemed "the ...
''
, Robert de Genève , style="font-size:85%", 1342 Chateau d'Annecy,
County of Savoy The County of Savoy (, ) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged, along with the free communes of Switzerland, from the collapse of the Burgundian Kingdom in the 11th century. It was the cradle of the future Savoyard state. Histo ...
, H.R.E. , style="font-size:85%", 36 / 52 , style="font-size:85%", French. In opposition to
Urban VI Pope Urban VI ( la, Urbanus VI; it, Urbano VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death in October 1389. He was the most recent pope to be elected from outside the ...
(1378–89) and
Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX ( la, Bonifatius IX; it, Bonifacio IX; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli) was head of the Catholic Church from 2 November 1389 to his death in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope of the Western Schism.Ri ...
(1389–1404) , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 28 September 1394 –
23 May 1423
, , '' Benedict XIII''
, Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor , style="font-size:85%", 25 November 1328 Illueca,
Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to so ...
, style="font-size:85%", 66 / 94 , style="font-size:85%", Spanish. In opposition to
Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX ( la, Bonifatius IX; it, Bonifacio IX; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli) was head of the Catholic Church from 2 November 1389 to his death in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope of the Western Schism.Ri ...
(1389–1404),
Innocent VII Pope Innocent VII ( la, Innocentius VII; it, Innocenzo VII; 1339 – 6 November 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was head of the Catholic Church from 17 October 1404 to his death in November 1406. He was pope during the period of the Western S ...
(1404–06),
Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII ( la, Gregorius XII; it, Gregorio XII;  – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario," or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was oppose ...
(1406–15),
Martin V Pope Martin V ( la, Martinus V; it, Martino V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. Hi ...
(1417–31) and Pisan Antipopes
Alexander V Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
(1409–10) and
John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 19 ...
(1410–15)


15th century

, - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 30 June 1409 –
3 May 1410
, , ''
Alexander V Alexander is a male given name. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Al ...
''
, Pétros Philárgēs,
O.F.M. , style="font-size:85%", 1339 Candia Lomellina, Lombardy,
Duchy of Milan The Duchy of Milan ( it, Ducato di Milano; lmo, Ducaa de Milan) was a state in northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city sinc ...
, style="font-size:85%", 70 / 71 , style="font-size:85%", Greek.
Western Schism The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Vatican Standoff, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon bo ...
. In opposition to
Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII ( la, Gregorius XII; it, Gregorio XII;  – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario," or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was oppose ...
. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 25 May 1410 –
30 May 1415
, , ''
John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 19 ...
''
, Baldassarre Cossa , style="font-size:85%", 1365
Procida Procida (; nap, Proceta ) is one of the Flegrean Islands off the coast of Naples in southern Italy. The island is between Cape Miseno and the island of Ischia. With its tiny satellite island of Vivara, it is a ''comune'' of the Metropolitan Ci ...
,
Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
, style="font-size:85%", 45 / 50 (†54) , style="font-size:85%", Italian.
Western Schism The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Vatican Standoff, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon bo ...
. In opposition to
Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII ( la, Gregorius XII; it, Gregorio XII;  – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario," or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was oppose ...
. Convened
Council of Constance The Council of Constance was a 15th-century ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance in present-day Germany. The council ended the Western Schism by deposing or accepting the res ...
. Abdicated. Became
dean of the College of Cardinals The dean of the College of Cardinals ( la, Decanus Collegii Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium) presides over the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, serving as ''primus inter pares'' (first among equals). The position was establi ...
in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 10 or 20 June 1423 –
26 July 1429
, , ''
Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII ( la, Clemens VIII; it, Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born ...
''
, Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón , style="font-size:85%", 1369
Teruel Teruel () is a city in Aragon, located in eastern Spain, and is also the capital of Teruel Province. It has a population of 35,675 in 2014 making it the least populated provincial capital in the country. It is noted for its harsh climate, with ...
,
Aragon Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to so ...
, style="font-size:85%", 54 / 60 (†77) , style="font-size:85%", Spanish.
Western Schism The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Vatican Standoff, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon bo ...
. In opposition to
Martin V Pope Martin V ( la, Martinus V; it, Martino V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. Hi ...
. , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , , 1424 –
1429
, , '' Antipope Benedict XIV'' , Bernard Garnier , style="font-size:85%", France , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Two antipope claimants , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , , 1430 –
1437
, , '' Antipope Benedict XIV'' , Jean Carrier , style="font-size:85%", France , style="font-size:85%", , style="font-size:85%", Two antipope claimants , - style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;" , style="text-align:center;" , —
, 5 November 1439 –
7 April 1449
, , ''
Felix V Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was the son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. He was a claimant to the pap ...
''
, Amadeus , style="font-size:85%", 4 September 1383
Chambéry Chambéry (, , ; Arpitan: ''Chambèri'') is the prefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. The population of the commune of Chambéry was 58,917 as of 2019, while the population of the Chamb ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...
, style="font-size:85%", 56 / 65 (†67) , style="font-size:85%", French. In opposition to
Eugene IV Pope Eugene IV ( la, Eugenius IV; it, Eugenio IV; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 3 March 1431 to his death in February 1447. Condulmer was a Venetian, and ...
and
Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V ( la, Nicholaus V; it, Niccolò V; 13 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene made ...
. Also ruled as
count of Savoy The titles of count, then of duke of Savoy are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the county was held by the House of Savoy. The County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy at th ...
.


16th century


17th century


18th century


19th century


20th century

, -


3rd millennium


21st century

Longest-living pope on record.


Religious orders

51 popes and 6
antipopes An antipope ( la, antipapa) is a person who makes a significant and substantial attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. At times between the 3rd and mid- ...
(in italics) have been members of
religious orders A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of its founder's religious pract ...
, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:


Numbering of popes

Regnal number Regnal numbers are ordinal numbers used to distinguish among persons with the same name who held the same office. Most importantly, they are used to distinguish monarchs. An ''ordinal'' is the number placed after a monarch's regnal name to diffe ...
s follow the usual convention for European monarchs. Popes with unique names are not identified by ordinals. Antipopes are treated as
pretender A pretender is someone who claims to be the rightful ruler of a country although not recognized as such by the current government. The term is often used to suggest that a claim is not legitimate.Curley Jr., Walter J. P. ''Monarchs-in-Waiting'' ...
s, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes. * Alexander:
Antipope Alexander V Peter of Candia, also known as Peter Phillarges (c. 1339 – May 3, 1410), named as Alexander V ( la, Alexander PP. V; it, Alessandro V), was an antipope elected by the Council of Pisa during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly ...
(1409–1410) was listed in the ''Annuario Pontificio'' as a legitimate pope until the 20th century, when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence. * Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal
Pope Donus II Pope Donus II was a non-existent pope who was at one time shown in the official lists of popes. He was mistakenly inserted after Pope Benedict VI Pope Benedict VI ( la, Benedictus VI; died June 974) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papa ...
resulted from confusion between the Latin word ''dominus'' (lord) and the name Donus. * Felix: Antipope Felix II (356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence. * John: The numbering of the Johns is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, the Johns are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns. **
Antipope John XVI John XVI ( 945 – 1001; born gr, Ιωάννης Φιλάγαθος, Ioannis Philagathos; it, Giovanni Filagato; la, Johannes Philagathus) was an antipope from 997 to 998. Biography John was of Greek descent and was a native of Rossan ...
(997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence. **
Pope John XXI Pope John XXI ( la, Ioannes XXI;  – 20 May 1277), born Pedro Julião ( la, Petrus Iulianus), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 September 1276 to his death on 20 May 1277. Apart from Damasus I (from ...
(1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice. ** By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female
Pope Joan Pope Joan (''Ioannes Anglicus'', 855–857) was, according to legend, a woman who reigned as pope for two years during the Middle Ages. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. The ...
, whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the ''Annuario Pontificio''. **
Antipope John XXIII Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope, as he opposed Pope Gregory XII whom the Catholic Church now recognizes a ...
(1410–1415) was listed in the ''Annuario Pontificio'' as a legitimate pope until the 20th century. After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes,
Pope John XXIII Pope John XXIII ( la, Ioannes XXIII; it, Giovanni XXIII; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Vatican City State from 28 Oc ...
(1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two icJohns of indisputable legitimacy." * Martin:
Pope Martin I Pope Martin I ( la, Martinus I, el, Πάπας Μαρτίνος; between 590 and 600 – 16 September 655), also known as Martin the Confessor, was the bishop of Rome from 21 July 649 to his death 16 September 655. He served as Pope Theodore I' ...
(649–655) is followed by Martin IV (1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names ''Marinus'' and ''Martinus'', Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III. * Stephen: Pope-elect Stephen (752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961. The remaining Stephens are now numbered
Pope Stephen II Pope Stephen II ( la, Stephanus II; 714 – 26 April 757) was born a Roman aristocrat and member of the Orsini family. Stephen was the bishop of Rome from 26 March 752 to his death. Stephen II marks the historical delineation between the Byzant ...
(752–757) to
Pope Stephen IX Pope Stephen IX ( la, Stephanus, christened Frederick; c. 1020 – 29 March 1058) was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 3 August 1057 to his death in 29 March 1058. He was a member of the Ardenne-Verdun family, ...
(1057–1058).


See also

*
Annuario Pontificio The ''Annuario Pontificio'' ( Italian for ''Pontifical Yearbook'') is the annual directory of the Holy See of the Catholic Church. It lists the popes in chronological order and all officials of the Holy See's departments. It also provides name ...
*
History of the papacy The history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church, spans from the time of Peter, to the present day. Moreover, many of the bishops of Rome in the first three centuries of the Christian era are obscure figure ...
* Index of Vatican City-related articles *
Legends surrounding the papacy The papacy has been surrounded by numerous legends. Among the most famous are the claims that the papal tiara bears the ''Number of the Beast'' inscriptions, that a woman was once elected pope, or that the current pope will be the last. The latte ...
*
Liber Pontificalis The ''Liber Pontificalis'' (Latin for 'pontifical book' or ''Book of the Popes'') is a book of biographies of popes from Saint Peter until the 15th century. The original publication of the ''Liber Pontificalis'' stopped with Pope Adrian II (86 ...
*
Papal name A papal name or pontificial name is the regnal name taken by a pope. Both the head of the Catholic Church, usually known as the pope, and the pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (Coptic pope) choose papal names. , Pope Francis is t ...
* Papal appointment * Pope John (numbering) * Prophecy of the Popes


Lists

* List of canonised popes * List of murdered popes * List of popes by nationality * List of popes from the Borgia family *
List of popes from the Conti family The list of popes from the Conti family includes five names.
''Catholic Encyclopedia'' (2009); retrieved 2011-11-3.

< ...

* List of popes from the Medici family * List of popes sorted alphabetically * List of sexually active popes * List of Sovereigns of the Vatican City State * List of popes (graphical)


Notes


References


Sources

* ''The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451'', Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008. * ''The Oxford Dictionary of Popes'', John N.D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986. * ''Catholicism'', Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988. * ''Rome and the Eastern Churches'', Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010. * ''I Papi. Venti secoli di storia'', Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002. * ''Rome Sweet Home'', Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993. * ''Enciclopedia dei Papi'', AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.


External links


Catholic Online: The List of PopesPopes & Anti-Popes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Popes, List Of * Lists of clerics Lists of monarchs Lists of patriarchs Lists of Christian religious leaders Portraits of popes nn:Pave#Liste over pavar