Lipová-lázně (until 1960 Dolní Lipová; ) is a spa municipality and village in

Jeseník District Jeseník District () is a Okres, district in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Jeseník. With approximately 36,000 inhabitants, it is the least populated district of the Czech Republic. Administrative division Je ...

in the

Olomouc Region Olomouc Region (; , ; ) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (''Morava'') and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia (''České Sl ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

. It has about 2,000 inhabitants.

Administrative division

Lipová-lázně consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Lipová-lázně (1,655) *Bobrovník (19) *Horní Lipová (294)

Geography

Lipová-lázně is located about west of

Jeseník Jeseník (; until 1947 Frývaldov (); , ) is a spa town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 10,000 inhabitants. Administrative division Jeseník consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 202 ...

and north of

Olomouc Olomouc (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the Statutory city (Czech Republic), sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region. Located on the Morava (rive ...

. The northern part of the municipality lies in the Golden Mountains, the southern part lies in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains. The highest point is the peak of

Šerák Šerák () is a mountain in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in the Czech Republic. It has an elevation of above sea level. It is located in the municipality of Ostružná, on the historic border of Moravia and Silesia. Characteristics Loc ...

at above sea level, located on the southern municipal border. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the Staříč stream.

History

The first written mention of Dolní Lipová under its Latin name ''Lynda'' is in a copy of a document, which describes the situation in 1290. At that time it became part of the newly formed

Duchy of Nysa The Duchy of Nysa (, ) or Duchy of Neisse () was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital at Nysa in Lower Silesia. Alongside the Duchy of Siewierz, it was the only ecclesiastical duchy in the Silesian region, as it was ruled by a bis ...

within fragmented

Piast The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great. Branches of ...

-ruled Poland. The next records are from the years 1372 and 1420. After that, the village was probably partially or completely abandoned and was not resettled until the mid-16th century. The village was relatively unaffected by the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...

, but several local women died during the infamous Northern Moravia witch trials between 1622 and 1684. The first written mention of Horní Lipová is from 1689. In 1888, the railway was opened. On 25 November 1931, an event known as the "Freiwaldau Strike" took place in Lipová-lázně. The local Communist party organised a hunger march of around 1,000 unemployed stoneworkers to

. The police chief at Vápenná instructed his men to prevent the demonstration from reaching the town. The police forced the marchers to take an alternative route through the forest. The police soon caught up with them at Lipová-lázně, and a clash ensued during which the marchers threw sticks, stones and other objects at the gendarmes. After two stones hit the commander of the unit on the forehead, the gendarmes started shooting at the crowd. As a result, eight people were killed and ten people were seriously injured and taken to the hospital. A memorial was erected in 1951 to commemorate this event. From 1938 to 1945, the municipality was annexed by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

and administered as a part of the

Reichsgau Sudetenland The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. It comprised the northern part of the ''Sudetenland'' territory, which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement. ...

. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the German occupiers operated the E797

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of ...

subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344

prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured as Prisoner of war, prisoners of war by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, inte ...

in Lipová-lázně, and E333 and E380 subcamps in Horní Lipová.

Demographics

Economy

The municipality is known for its spa, established in 1837 by Johann Schroth.

Transport

Lipová-lázně is located on the railway lines

Šumperk Šumperk (; ) is a town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 25,000 inhabitants. It is an industrial town, but it also contains valuable historical and architectural monuments. The historic town centre is well preserved and i ...

–

Zábřeh Zábřeh (; ) is a town in Šumperk District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. Administrative division Zábřeh consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): ...

–Jeseník and Lipová-lázně– Javorník.

Sights

The main landmark is the Church of Saint Wenceslaus. It was built in 1788, on the site of an older small chapel from the 17th century.

Notable people

* Johann Schroth (1798–1856), Austrian

naturopath Naturopathy, or naturopathic medicine, is a form of alternative medicine. A wide array of practices branded as "natural", "non-invasive", or promoting "self-healing" are employed by its practitioners, who are known as naturopaths. Difficult ...

; worked and died here

Twin towns – sister cities

Lipová-lázně is twinned with: *

Krapkowice Krapkowice (; ; ) is a town in southern Poland with 16,301 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Opole Voivodeship, straddling both banks of the Oder River at the point where it joins with the Osobłoga. It is the regional capital of Krapkowice Cou ...

, Poland

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Lipova Lazne Villages in Jeseník District Spa towns in the Czech Republic Czech Silesia