The Liberal Party (, ''Jiyūtō'') was a political party in
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
. The party had put
pro-Americanism
Pro-Americanism (also called pro-American sentiment and Americophilia) describes support, love, or admiration for the United States, its government and economic system, its Foreign policy of the United States, foreign policy, the American peo ...
and economic reconstruction as its main policies.
History
The party was established in March 1950 as a merger of the
Democratic Liberal Party led by Prime Minister
Shigeru Yoshida
was a Japanese diplomat and politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1946 to 1947 and again from 1948 to 1954, serving through most of the country's occupation after World War II. Yoshida played a major role in determining the cour ...
(which held a majority in the
House of Representatives
House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...
) and 22 MPs from the Alliance faction of the
Democratic Party, although Alliance leader
Takeru Inukai did not join the new party.
[Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, pp. 568–572] In the
April 1950 House of Councillors elections, it won 52 of the 132 seats.
In August 1952,
Ichirō Hatoyama was allowed to rejoin the party, having been banned from politics as a result of the
purge
In history, religion and political science, a purge is a position removal or execution of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another, their team leaders, or society as a whole. A group undertaking such an ...
. A former leader of the original post-war
Liberal Party
The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world.
The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...
, he expected Yoshida to allow him to take over the party again, but was rebuffed. This led to increasing tensions within the party, splitting it into Hatoyama and Yoshida factions.
Although the party won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives in the
October 1952 elections, winning 242 of the 466 seats, Yoshida's government lost a vote of no-confidence in March 1953, leading to
early elections. Prior to polling day, the Hatoyama faction broke away to form
Liberal Party–Hatoyama, which won 35 seats in the elections as the Liberal Party was reduced to 202 seats. The
simultaneous House of Councillor elections also saw the party lose is majority in the upper house. However, Yoshida was able to form a minority government, and later in the year Hatoyama and 25 other Liberal Party–Hatoyama MPs rejoined the Liberal Party.
[
Another split occurred in November 1954 when 35 MPs left the Liberal Party to merge with the Japan Liberal Party and the ]Kaishintō
The Kaishintō () was a political party in Japan.
History
The party was established on 8 February 1952 as a merger of the National Democratic Party and the Shinsei Club, together with most of the Farmers Cooperative Party's Diet members.Haruh ...
to form the Japan Democratic Party (JDP). A no-confidence motion was passed shortly afterwards, resulting in the resignation of Yoshida and Hatoyama, now a member of the JDP, becoming the new prime minister.
In the February 1955 general elections, the party was reduced to 114 seats as it was defeated by the JDP. On 15 November that year the two parties merged to form the Liberal Democratic Party.
Leaders
Election results
House of Representatives
House of Councillors
References
{{Authority control
Defunct political parties in Japan
Political parties established in 1950
Pro-Americanism
1950 establishments in Japan
Political parties disestablished in 1955
1955 disestablishments in Japan