Lessing-Othmer is a
romanization
In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Latin script, Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and tra ...
of
Mandarin
Mandarin or The Mandarin may refer to:
Language
* Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese originally spoken in northern parts of the country
** Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China
** Taiwanese Mandarin, Stand ...
Chinese that was introduced by and Dr. W. Othmer, who in 1912 printed their book „Lehrgang der nordchinesischen Umgangssprache“ (“Course in the North Chinese Colloquial Language”) through the „Deutsch-Chinesische Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt“ in
Qingdao
Qingdao, Mandarin: , (Qingdao Mandarin: t͡ɕʰiŋ˧˩ tɒ˥) is a prefecture-level city in the eastern Shandong Province of China. Located on China's Yellow Sea coast, Qingdao was long an important fortress. In 1897, the city was ceded to G ...
while it was a
German colony.
In 1979, the State Council of the People's Republic of China for Romanization ruled that translations of foreign-language publications should utilize Lessing-Othmer romanization in
German-speaking countries, and
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, officially the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. ''Hanyu'' () literally means 'Han Chinese, Han language'—that is, the Chinese language—while ''pinyin' ...
in English-speaking countries.
[Encyclopædia Britannica, 2004 edition, "Pinyin romanization" article]
Table
The tones romanized differently from
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, officially the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. ''Hanyu'' () literally means 'Han Chinese, Han language'—that is, the Chinese language—while ''pinyin' ...
are highlighted in blue.
Initial
Finals
{, class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
, -
!colspan=2 rowspan=2,
!colspan=13, Coda
, -
!colspan=3, ∅!!colspan=2, !!colspan=2, !!colspan=2, !!colspan=3, !!
, -
!rowspan=4, Medial
!∅
,
ï �br>ㄭ -i, , bgcolor=#cff,
ö �br>ㄜ e, ,
a br>ㄚ a
, bgcolor=#cff,
e ibr>ㄟ ei, ,
ai ibr>ㄞ ai
,
ou ubr>ㄡ ou, , bgcolor=#cff,
au ubr>ㄠ ao
, bgcolor=#cff,
ën �nbr>ㄣ en, ,
an nbr>ㄢ an
, bgcolor=#cff,
ung �ŋbr>ㄨㄥ ong, , bgcolor=#cff,
ëng �ŋbr>ㄥ eng, ,
ang ŋbr>ㄤ ang
, bgcolor=#cff,
örl ɚbr>ㄦ er
, -
!
,
i br>ㄧ i, , bgcolor=#cff,
iä ebr>ㄧㄝ ie, ,
ia abr>ㄧㄚ ia
, , ,
,
iu oubr>ㄧㄡ iu, , bgcolor=#cff,
iau aubr>ㄧㄠ iao
,
in nbr>ㄧㄣ in, , bgcolor=#cff,
iän ɛnbr>ㄧㄢ ian
, bgcolor=#cff,
iung ʊŋbr>ㄩㄥ iong, ,
ing ŋbr>ㄧㄥ ing, ,
iang aŋbr>ㄧㄤ iang
,
, -
!
,
u br>ㄨ u, , bgcolor=#cff,
o obr>ㄨㄛ uo, ,
ua abr>ㄨㄚ ua
,
ui eibr>ㄨㄟ ui, ,
uai aibr>ㄨㄞ uai
, , ,
,
un ənbr>ㄨㄣ un, ,
uan anbr>ㄨㄢ uan
, , , bgcolor=#cff,
ung əŋbr>ㄨㄥ ueng, ,
uang aŋbr>ㄨㄤ uang
,
, -
!{{IPA, /ɥ/
,
ü br>ㄩ ü, , bgcolor=#cff,
üä �ebr>ㄩㄝ üe, ,
, , ,
, , ,
,
ün nbr>ㄩㄣ ün, ,
üan �ɛnbr>ㄩㄢ üan
, , , , ,
,
References
Romanization of Chinese