Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast
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Lensky District () is an administrative district (
raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...
), one of the twenty-one in
Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast ( rus, Архангельская область, p=ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It includes the Arctic Ocean, Arctic archipelagos of Franz ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
.Law #65-5-OZ As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Lensky Municipal District.Law #258-vneoch.-OZ It is located in the southeast of the
oblast An oblast ( or ) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Historically, it was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The term ''oblast'' is often translated i ...
and borders with
Udorsky District Udorsky District (; ) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twelve in the Komi Republic, Russia.Law #13-RZ It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a '' ...
of the
Komi Republic The Komi Republic (; ), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital city, capital is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Syktyvka ...
in the north, Syktyvdinsky, Ust-Vymsky, and Sysolsky Districts, also of the Komi Republic, in the east,
Vilegodsky District Vilegodsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ Municipally, it is incorporated as Vilegodsky Municipal District.Law #258-vneoch.-OZ It is located in the southeast of ...
in the south, and with Kotlassky and
Krasnoborsky District Krasnoborsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Arkhangelsk Oblast, twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.Law #65-5-OZ Subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions, Municipally, it is incorpor ...
s in the west. The area of the district is . Its
administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...
is the
rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically describ ...
(a '' selo'') of
Yarensk Yarensk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (a ''village#Russia, selo'') and the administrative center of Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Lensky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the ...
. Population: The population of Yarensk accounts for 27.4% of the district's total population.


Etymology

The name of the district originates from the ''selo'' of
Lena Lena or LENA may refer to: Places * Léna Department, a department of Houet Province in Burkina Faso * Lena, Manitoba, an unincorporated community located in Killarney-Turtle Mountain municipality in Manitoba, Canada * Lena, Norway, a village in ...
, which at the formation of the district in 1924 was intended to be the administrative center. While the plans to move the administrative center to Lena had never been realized, the name remained unchanged.


History

The area was populated by speakers of
Uralic languages The Uralic languages ( ), sometimes called the Uralian languages ( ), are spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian. Other languages with speakers ab ...
and then colonized by the
Novgorod Republic The Novgorod Republic () was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east. Its capital was the city of Novgorod. The ...
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the
Grand Duchy of Moscow The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the gra ...
. Yarensk is first mentioned in the chronicles (as Yerensky Gorodok) in 1374. In 1606,
Yarensky Uyezd Yarensky Uyezd () was one of the subdivisions of the Vologda Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Yarensk. Demographics At the time of the Russian Empire Censu ...
was formed, and Yarensk became one of the most important towns in the North of Russia. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...
, the area was included into
Siberia Governorate Siberia Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1782. Its seat was in Tobolsk (initially spelt as ''Tobolesk''). The governorate was ...
, and in 1719 transferred to
Archangelgorod Governorate Archangelgorod Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel (Arkhangelsk). The governorate was located in th ...
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into
Vologda Viceroyalty Vologda Viceroyalty () was an administrative-territorial unit (''viceroy#Russian Empire, namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Vologda. The viceroyalty was established ...
. At the same time, Yarensk was granted town rights. In 1918, Yarensky Uyezd was transferred to the newly formed
Northern Dvina Governorate Northern Dvina Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian SFSR from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city of Veliky Ustyug. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territor ...
, and in 1924 the
uyezd An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; rus, уе́зд ( pre-1918: уѣздъ), p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context () was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the R ...
s were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions). Lensky District was formed on June 1, 1924. The idea was to move the administrative center of the district from Yarensk to the ''selo'' of Lena, but the logistics came out to be too difficult, and the administration remained in Yarensk. In the following years, the district remained within the same borders, but the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into
Northern Krai Northern Krai () was an administrative-territorial unit (''krai'') of the Russian SFSR from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk. The krai was located in the north of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided betwe ...
, which in 1936 was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk and
Vologda Oblast Vologda Oblast (, ; ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, t ...
s. Lensky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.


Geography

The district is located on both banks of the
Vychegda The Vychegda (; ) is a river in the European part of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina. Its length is about . Its source is approximately west of the northern Ural Mountains. It flows roughly in a western direction, through the Komi Re ...
and belongs almost exclusively to the
basins Basin may refer to: Geography and geology * Depression (geology) ** Back-arc basin, a submarine feature associated with island arcs and subduction zones ** Debris basin, designed to prevent damage from debris flow ** Drainage basin (hydrology), ...
of the Vychegda and its major
tributaries A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ('' main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which the ...
. The main (right-hand) Northern Dvina tributary which flows through the district is the Yarenga. Minor parts of the district belong to the basins of a tributary of the Northern Dvina, the Uftyuga (west), and the
Vashka River The Vashka () is a river in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic and Leshukonsky and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is a left and the biggest tributary of the Mezen. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal ...
, a tributary of the
Mezen River The Mezen (; Komi: ''n'') is a river in Udorsky District of the Komi Republic and in Leshukonsky and Mezensky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. Its mouth is located in the Mezen Bay of the White Sea. Mezen is one of the biggest rivers ...
(northwest). The source of the Pinega is in fact located in Krasnoborsky District. The whole area of the district drains into the
White Sea The White Sea (; Karelian language, Karelian and ; ) is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the nort ...
. Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (
taiga Taiga or tayga ( ; , ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. In North A ...
).


Divisions


Administrative divisions

As an
administrative division Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divi ...
, the district is divided into nine
selsoviet A selsoviet (; , ; ) is the shortened name for Selsky soviet, i.e., rural council (; ; ). It has three closely related meanings: *The administration (''soviet (council), soviet'') of a certain rural area. *The territorial subdivision administered ...
s and one urban-type settlement with jurisdictional territory ( Urdoma). The following selsoviets have been established (the
administrative center An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located. In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...
s are given in parentheses): *Irtovsky (Irta) *Kozminsky (Kozmino) *Lensky (Lena) *Ryabovsky (Ustye) *Safronovsky (Yarensk) *Slobodchikovsky (Slobodchikovo) *Soyginsky (Soyga) *Sukhodolsky (Bor) *Tokhtinsky (Lysimo)


Municipal divisions

As a municipal division, the district is divided into one urban settlement and three rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses): *Urdomskoye Urban Settlement ( Urdoma) * Kozminskoye Rural Settlement (Kozmino) * Safronovskoye Rural Settlement (Yarensk) * Soyginskoye Rural Settlement (Soyga)


Economy


Industry

The basis of the economy of the district is timber industry, which in 2007 was responsible for 85% of the district's total industrial production.


Transportation

The Vychegda is navigable and there is regular passenger navigation downstream from the settlement of
Soyga Soyga () is the name of several rural localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country i ...
(connecting it to
Kotlas Kotlas () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population: Kotlas is the third-largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of p ...
). There is a railway connecting
Kotlas Kotlas () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population: Kotlas is the third-largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of p ...
and
Vorkuta Vorkuta (; ; Nenets languages, Nenets for "the abundance of bears", "bear corner") is a coal-mining types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin a ...
which passes through the district, in particular, through Urdoma, the only urban-type settlement in the district. Urdoma has an oil-pumping station in the
Baltic Pipeline System The Baltic Pipeline System (BPS) is a Russian oil transport system operated by the oil pipeline company Transneft. The BPS transports oil from the Timan-Pechora region, West Siberia and Urals-Volga regions to Primorsk oil terminal at the easte ...
.


Culture and recreation

The district contains fifteen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage. Most of these are churches and wooden rural houses built prior to 1917. The only museum in the district is the Yarensk District Museum.


References


Notes


Sources

* * {{Use mdy dates, date=September 2011 Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast