League of Dutch Marxist–Leninists () was a communist organisation in the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

. By the time of the 21st party congress of the

Communist Party of the Netherlands The Communist Party of the Netherlands (, , CPN) was a communist party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1909 as the Social Democratic Party (Netherlands), Social Democratic Party (SDP) and merged with the Pacifist Socialist Party, the ...

in 1964, two pro-

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

fractions existed inside the party. One was the Marxist-Leninist Centre in

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. The other was a group based in

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which published the periodical ''Rode Vlag'' (Red Flag). The ''Rode Vlag''-group was led by Chris Bischot, a district level leader of CPN. In December 1964, Bischot was expelled from CPN, along with the leaders of MLC. Initially, there were talks on a merger between the two dissident communist factions. Such plans could not develop further, mainly because of the perception held by the ''Rode Vlag''-group that the CPN could still be converted into a revolutionary party. In 1966, the ''Rode Vlag''-group started another periodical, ''Rode Jeugd'' (Red Youth). Through ''Rode Jeugd''. Through the militant messages given in ''Rode Jeugd'', the group expanded. It gained supporters in

IJmuiden n IJ (digraph) and that should remain the only places where they are used. > IJmuiden () is a port town in the Netherlands, Dutch province of North Holland. It is the main town in the municipality of Velsen which lies mainly to the south-ea ...

, Kampen,

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and

. But ''Rode Jeugd'' would also give problems to the ''Rode Vlag''-group. A clash of generations erupted, and in October 1967 the ''Rode Jeugd''-group broke away and formed a separate organization called '' Rode Jeugd''. In 1969, the group around ''Rode Vlag'' constituted BNML. By this time they had completely left the ambition to reform the CPN. ''Rode Vlag'' became the central organ of BNML. BNML also started ''Rood Metal'' (Red Metal) as a periodical of workers. By 1970,

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estimated the BNML membership to around 40. The real figure was probably significantly higher. In 1972, BNML was joined by the

Red Youth (marxist-leninist) Red Youth may refer to: * Red Youth (Norway) * Red Youth (Netherlands) Red Youth () was a communist organization in the Netherlands. It originated in the group around the periodical ''Rode Jeugd'', which had been started by the pro-China '' Rode V ...

, which had broken away from ''Rode Jeugd''. Bischot died in 1973. In the mid-1970s, BNML played an important role in conducting debates on a possible merger of the various marxist-leninist factions. Excluded from the talks were the

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...

(who had moved away from the Maoist orthodoxy), Red Youth (which had developed into a terroristic orientation) and the Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands (which was in reality, a

proxy). Thus the remaining organizations were the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist) (KEN(ml)), the

Group of Marxist-Leninists/Red Dawn A group is a number of persons or things that are located, gathered, or classed together. Groups of people * Cultural group, a group whose members share the same cultural identity * Ethnic group, a group whose members share the same ethnic iden ...

(GML), the

Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist) Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, distrib ...

(KKB(ml)) and the Communist Workers Organisation (KAO). GML excluded itself from the process due to their rejection of unity with KEN(ml), and KEN(ml) could not arrive at a comprise with the other groups due to their persistence on claiming hegemony over the other factions. In 197,8 BNML merged with KAO and KKB(ml) to form the

Communist Workers Organisation (marxist-leninist) Communist Workers Organisation may refer to: * Communist Workers' Organisation (UK), the British section of the Internationalist Communist Tendency *Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) *Communist Workers Organisation (Netherlands) ...

(KAO(ml)).

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists Defunct communist parties in the Netherlands Maoist organizations in Europe Political parties established in 1969 1969 establishments in the Netherlands Political parties disestablished in 1978 1978 disestablishments in the Netherlands