Le più colte (literally, "the most cultured") was an apostolic letter issued by Pope Pius VII in the first year of his pontificate (1801) in the form of a '' motu proprio'', written in Italian, which set out drastic reforms in agricultural policy within the Papal States.

Content

The document ordered the complete freedom of production and

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of ''granaglie'' (corn, flour, etc. but not bread) within the borders of the Papal States with the objective of increasing the general health level of the population. On the other hand, in order to satisfy internal demand, exports remained forbidden. Furthermore, the ''Deputazione dell'Annona'' was instituted for the first time, which aimed to supervise the whole agricultural production, abolishing some old corporate restrictions on ''"grascia"''. Together with the institution of the

free trade Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports. In government, free trade is predominantly advocated by political parties that hold Economic liberalism, economically liberal positions, while economic nationalist politica ...

of ''granaglie,'' it introduced the freedom to formulate prices and abolished the obligation to sell farm production to the Annona of Rome. Finally, the ''"università dei Fornari"'' was abolished. The reforms set out in this document were more challenging in comparison to the previous ''motu proprio'', where they had been announced for the first time. They were conceived in response to the ongoing ideological influence of the

liberalism Liberalism is a Political philosophy, political and moral philosophy based on the Individual rights, rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, the right to private property, and equality before the law. ...

of the more advanced countries in

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and some areas in

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(referred to in the ''

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'' as "Le più colte nazioni d’Europa ed alcune popolazioni d’Italia") and not just by the needs of the moment."Il documento riveste un interesse particolare perché in esso Pio VII espone finalmente le ragioni teoriche che lo spingono a questi nuovi provvedimenti. Il Papa, contrariamente a quanto farà Pio IX cinquant'anni più tardi, afferma d'agire per motivi esclusivamente di natura economica. Ma questa volta, non più imposti necessariamente dall'avversa congiuntura. Agisce ispirandosi apertamente alle dottrine liberistiche del tempo.", La Civiltà Cattolica, Volume 117, Edizione 2, 1966. In a subsequent ''motu proprio'', the number of suppressed corporations was further increased.

References

Bibliography

* Nicola Maria Nicolai, ''Memorie, leggi, ed osservazioni sulle campagne e sull'annona di Roma: Osservazioni storiche economiche dai primi tempi fino al presente con appendice delle operazioni agrarie e biblioteca Georgica'', Pagliarini, 1803.

External links

Text of motu proprio "Le più colte" on Vatican.va
(in italian)
Augusto Goletti, ''La situazione agricola nello Stato Pontificio nel XIX secolo'', "Biblioteca e Società" anni.VII.VIII/1085.86), Viterbo, Tip. Agnesotti
{{DEFAULTSORT:Le più colte Motu proprio Pope Pius VII