The Labeninae is a subfamily within the

parasitic wasp Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps ( Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita. As parasitoids, they lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other arthropods, sooner or later cau ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Ichneumonidae (aka Darwin wasps or Ichneumon wasps). There are 12 extant genera (listed below), grouped within four tribes, that exhibit a predominantly Gondwanan distribution - most genera and species are found in Australia and South America. A few species of ''

Labena ''Labena'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 40 described species in ''Labena''. Species These 42 species belong to the genus ''Labena'': * ''Labena annulata'' (Brulle, 1846) * ''Labena canelensis'' P ...

'' and ''Grotea'' are found in North America, with hypotheses suggesting that the group radiated on Gondwanaland prior to the separation of Australia but after the separation of Africa/India/Madagascar. Some species from the tribe Labenini have been reared from wood-boring beetles of the Coleopteran families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae. Members of the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

Orthognatheliini (sometimes, incorrectly, called Groteini) parasitize solitary bees; ''Labium'' wasps are known to parasitise ground-nesting, solitary bees, while ''Grotea'' are known parasitoids of cavity-nesting, solitary bees. Species of '' Poecilocryptus'' are thought to be phytophagous, due to adaptations of the larval head capsule. However, as with much of the Ichneumonidae, knowledge of many labenine species' ecology, biology, and evolution is extremely limited or completely lacking.

Genera

These genera belong to the subfamily Labeninae: * '' Alaothyris'' Gauld, 1984^{c g} * '' Apechoneura'' Kriechbaumer, 1890^{c g} * '' Certonotus'' Kriechbaumer, 1889^{c g} * '' Gauldianus'' Lanfranco, 2000^{c g} * '' Grotea'' Cresson, 1864^{c g b} * ''

'' Cresson, 1864^{c g b} * '' Labium'' Brullé, 1846^{c g} * '' Ozlabium'' Gauld & Wahl, 2000^{c g} * '' Poecilocryptus'' Cameron, 1901^{c g} * '' Torquinsha'' Gauld & Wahl, 2000^{c g} * '' Urancyla'' Gauld, 1984^{c g} * '' Xenothyris'' Townes, 1969^{c g} Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

Genera

References

Further reading