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''L'Esquella de la Torratxa'' was an illustrated
L´Esquella de la Torratxa: la campana que enmudeció en 1939
/ref>
Opisso, l’Esquella i la guerra del Rif
La Esquella de la torratxa: periódich satírichFrancesc Mestre: Ilustradores Ilustres
{{DEFAULTSORT:Esquella de la Torratxa 1872 establishments in Spain 1939 disestablishments in Spain Magazines published in Catalonia Catalan-language magazines Defunct magazines published in Spain Satirical magazines published in Spain Magazines established in 1872 Magazines disestablished in 1939 Magazines published in Barcelona Weekly magazines published in Spain
''L'Esquella de la Torratxa'' was an illustrated satirical
Satire is a genre of the visual arts, visual, literature, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently Nonfiction, non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ...
weekly magazine, written in Catalan. Published in Barcelona
Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...
between 1872 and 1939, it was well known for its pro-republican and anti-clerical
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism. Anti-clericalism is related to secularism, ...
stance and would become one of the most important Catalan publications of all times.
History
''L'Esquella de la Torratxa'', meaning "thecowbell
A cowbell (or cow bell) is a bell (instrument), bell worn around the neck of free-roaming livestock so herders can keep track of an animal via the sound of the bell when the animal is grazing out of view in hilly landscapes or vast plains. ...
of the turret
Turret may refer to:
* Turret (architecture), a small tower that projects above the wall of a building
* Gun turret, a mechanism of a projectile-firing weapon
* Optical microscope#Objective turret (revolver or revolving nose piece), Objective turre ...
", was first published on 5 May 1872. It began during an officially-decreed suspension of the publication of ''La Campana de Gràcia
''La Campana de Gràcia'' (; "Gràcia's bell") was a seminal Catalan weekly magazine of satire, written bilingually in Catalan and Spanish of the late 19th and early 20th century, staunchly supportive of republicanism and anticlericalism. The head ...
'', a more overtly political magazine. It would, however, become very critical of Barcelona mayor Francisco Ríos Taulet and his promotion of the 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition
The 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition (in Catalan language, Catalan: ''Exposició Universal de Barcelona'' and ''Exposición Universal de Barcelona'' in Spanish language, Spanish) was Spain's first International World's Fair
and ran from 8 Apri ...
which was seen by many as a wasteful extravagancy.
The magazine had a succession of directors along its existence, beginning with José Roca Roca, followed by others such as Mario Aguilar, Prudenci Bertrana and Pere Calders
Pere Calders i Rossinyol (; 29 September 1912 – 21 July 1994) was a Catalan writer and cartoonist.
Biography
He became known at the beginning of the 1930s for his drawings, articles and stories which were published in newspapers and magaz ...
. Among the most notable article writers for the magazine were Santiago Rusiñol
Santiago Rusiñol i Prats (, ; Barcelona 25 February 1861 – Aranjuez 13 June 1931) was a Spanish painter, poet, journalist, collector and playwright. He was one of the leaders of the Catalan '' modernisme'' movement. He created more than ...
, under the pen name "Xarau", Prudenci Bertrana, Francesc Curet, Antoni Rovira Virgili, Gabriel Alomar and Màrius Aguilar.
The main illustrators for the magazine were Apeles Mestres, Tomás Padrón, José Luis Pellicer
José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ).
In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , ...
, Luis Bagaría, Manuel Moliné
Manuel may refer to:
People
* Manuel (name), a given name and surname
* Manuel (''Fawlty Towers''), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers''
* Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire
* Manuel I of Portugal, king of Po ...
, José Segrelles
José Segrelles Albert (18 March 1885 – 3 March 1969) was a Spanish painter and illustrator. He was the uncle of cartoonists and painters Eustaquio and Vicente Segrelles.Cuadrado (2000), pp.1148–1149.
Biography
Segrelles was born in Albaida ...
, Lorenzo Brunet, José Costa «Picarol», Juan Junceda, Jaime Pajarito, Félix Elías («Apa»), Jaime Juez («Xirinius»), Román Bonet («Bon»), Antonio Roca, Ricardo Opisso, Rosa Riera and Isidro Nonel. In 1939, after José María Planas, the director of ''El Be Negre
''El Be Negre'', meaning "The Black Sheep" in Catalan, was an illustrated satirical weekly magazine. Published in Barcelona between 1931 and 1936, its life and destiny were closely linked to those of the ill-fated Second Spanish Republic.
Josep ...
'', was murdered by anarchists
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state w ...
some of the illustrators working for that magazine began working for ''L'Esquella de la Torratxa''.
''L'Esquella de la Torratxa'' came out for the last time on 6 January 1939, when General Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (born Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republ ...
's nationalist faction
The Nationalist faction (), also Rebel faction () and Francoist faction () was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939. It was composed of a variety of right-leaning political groups that supported the Spanish Coup of July 1936 ...
was poised to conquer Barcelona. During the civil war its competitor was '' La Ametralladora'' which was published by the nationalists. Since 1872 it had published a total of 3,096 issues./ref>
See also
* ''La Campana de Gràcia
''La Campana de Gràcia'' (; "Gràcia's bell") was a seminal Catalan weekly magazine of satire, written bilingually in Catalan and Spanish of the late 19th and early 20th century, staunchly supportive of republicanism and anticlericalism. The head ...
''
* Ricard Opisso
Ricard Opisso (1880–1966) was a Catalan cartoonist, caricaturist, illustrator and painter.
Biography
Son of Alfred Opisso i Viñas, journalist, historian and critic, and of Antonia Sala i Gil, his sister Regina Opisso, was also a writer. H ...
* Santiago Rusiñol
Santiago Rusiñol i Prats (, ; Barcelona 25 February 1861 – Aranjuez 13 June 1931) was a Spanish painter, poet, journalist, collector and playwright. He was one of the leaders of the Catalan '' modernisme'' movement. He created more than ...
References
External links
*Opisso, l’Esquella i la guerra del Rif
La Esquella de la torratxa: periódich satírich
{{DEFAULTSORT:Esquella de la Torratxa 1872 establishments in Spain 1939 disestablishments in Spain Magazines published in Catalonia Catalan-language magazines Defunct magazines published in Spain Satirical magazines published in Spain Magazines established in 1872 Magazines disestablished in 1939 Magazines published in Barcelona Weekly magazines published in Spain