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The Kühlstein Wagenbau in
Berlin-Charlottenburg Charlottenburg () is a Boroughs and localities of Berlin, locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a German town law, town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Kingdom ...
was a German
coachbuilding A coachbuilder manufactures bodies for passenger-carrying vehicles. The trade of producing coachwork began with bodies for horse-drawn vehicles. Today it includes custom automobiles, buses, motor coaches, and railway carriages. The word ...
company that produced
electric car An electric car or electric vehicle (EV) is a passenger car, passenger automobile that is propelled by an electric motor, electric traction motor, using electrical energy as the primary source of propulsion. The term normally refers to a p ...
s from 1897 to 1902. The factory was located at Salzufer number 4. Founded by Eduard Kühlstein (1804–1867) in 1833, the company initially manufactured carriages. After the death of the company founder in 1867, the company was continued by his son Ernst Kühlstein (1843–1900) and in 1884 by Max Leuschner (1856–1923) as technical director. In 1894, Max Leuschner left the company and Ernst Kühlstein had to run the company alone again. The vehicle shown at the Berlin Motor Exhibition was designed by Mr. Correns after Max Leuschner had left the company. In 1900, Mr. August Schulze (1848-1909) took over the management after Ernst Kühlstein had died. Schulze was also a member of the supervisory board of the newly founded Carburit Gesellschaft mbH, which served to supply fuel to automobiles. With an electric car, Kühlstein was one of only four exhibitors at the first
International Motor Show Germany The International Motor Show Germany or International Mobility Show Germany, in German known as the ''Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung'' (''IAA'' – International Automobile Exhibition), is one of the world's largest mobility trade fairs. I ...
(IAA) in Berlin in 1897. The other three exhibitors were
Gottlieb Daimler Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (; 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900) was a German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed liquid petroleum-fue ...
,
Carl Benz Carl (or Karl) Friedrich Benz (; born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant; 25 November 1844 – 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent-Motorwagen from 1885 is considered the first practical modern automob ...
and Friedrich Lutzmann. It was precisely these exhibitors who demonstrated their vehicles in front of the Hotel Bristol (Berlin) on 30 September 1887. There, the Central European Motor Car Association was founded by 160 founding members. The members came from Germany, Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, Sweden and other countries. In 1898,
Joseph Vollmer Joseph Vollmer (1871–1955) was a German automobile designer and engineer and a pioneering tank designer. As chief designer for the German War Department's motor vehicle section, he designed the World War I German tanks A7V, K-Wagen, LK I and LK ...
(1871-1955) started as chief engineer at Kühlstein Wagenbau. He designed the front axle with an engine, which could be installed in front of any horse-drawn carriage. These units were called "Avant Train" in France. Kühlstein offered these with a combustion engine or with an electric motor. Among the combustion engines, there was a two-cylinder engine with 2280 cc that produced 4 hp or a 6 hp two-cylinder engine with 3167 cc. In Berlin, in 1899, a number of taxi carriages were equipped with gasoline "Avant Train" by Kühlstein. Electric motors were available in the 2.4 kW, 3 kW or 7.4 kW levels. The electric motors came from AEG. With the Avant Trains, 5t trucks could reach 16 km/h, lighter passenger carriages achieved 25 km/h. The Mail-Coach of 1899 remained a one-off in postal service. The vehicle had a permissible payload of 1.26 t. This allowed the transport of up to 18 people, who could be accommodated in three three levels of seating. Two electric motors from
Siemens & Halske Siemens & Halske AG (or Siemens-Halske) was a German electrical engineering company that later became part of Siemens. It was founded on 12 October 1847 as ''Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske'' by Werner von Siemens and Johann Geor ...
, each with an output of 5.2 kW, were powered by a 3.2-ton battery. This battery enabled a range of 100 km. In 1899, the vehicle range consisted of gasoline-powered racing cars and touring cars in the passenger car sector. At the same time, two-seater and multi-seater electric vehicles were offered. For trucks, the program went up to 5t and buses up to 30 people were available electrically or gasoline-powered. The 5t truck had a wheelbase of 3300 mm. The total length was 5000 mm. It had a two-cylinder engine with 7125 cc with a bore of 140 mm and a stroke of 180 mm. The engine produced 10 hp. The gearbox had four gears. The maximum speeds in the gears were: 1st gear 3.5 km/h, 2nd gear 7 km/h, 3rd gear 10.5 km/h and 4th gear 14 km/h. A postcarriol, which had already been rebuilt in 1899 and received gold and silver medallions in 1900 at the Paris Exhibition, was not successful for the company. The test car with the number 5 was equipped with a two-cylinder gasoline engine and reached the following speeds in the three gears: 1 gear 5 km/h, 2nd gear 10 km/h and third gear 15 km/h. In March 1900, the factory was hit by fire. Several vehicles destined for the Paris World's exhibition were severely damaged. A motor car, which was housed in another wing, suffered no damage. Some luxury cars and postal vehicles could not be saved for the Paris exhibition after the fire. The fire damage was estimated at 50,000 marks. Electric vehicles continued to fade into the background and around 1900 Joseph Vollmer, Jenny Kühlstein (Ernst Kühlstein's daughter) and Erna von Rahmdohr filed patents for gasoline and alcohol engines. In October 1900, Jenny Kühlstein married Lieutenant Wilhelm von Rahmdohr of the 2nd Pomeranian Regiment. At the end of 1901 / beginning of 1902, the world's first sulphuric acid transport truck with a petrol engine was built for the chemical company Dr. E. ter Meer & Cie. The vehicle had a 17 hp two-cylinder engine and had a permissible gross weight of 7 t. The top speed was 13 km/h. The tank had a capacity of 3300 liters. The tonneau vehicle from 1902 was designed for up to 6 people and weighed 900 kg. It had a track width of 1280 mm at the front and 1320 mm at the rear. The wheelbase was 2650 mm. The tyres had a size of 870 x 90 at the front and rear. The two-cylinder engine produced 12 hp at 900 rpm. Thus, the possible speeds of the four-speed gearbox were: 1st gear 12km/h, 2nd gear 24 km/h, 3rd gear 36 km/h and 4th gear 48 km/h. With brief turning up to 1200 revolutions per minute, the vehicle could reach 60 km/h. The water cooling system had a capacity of 12 liters. The tank capacity was 50 liters, enough for 300 km. In 1906, the former technical director Leuschner bought the company. He combined them with his current company L. Rühe to form a joint enterprise. Some were vehicles of in-house design, others were
Jeantaud The Jeantaud was a make of France, French automobile manufactured in Paris from 1893 until 1907. It was the brainchild of Charles Jeantaud, a coachbuilder who built his first electric carriage in 1881. Among the vehicles he constructed was the ...
cabs built under licence. The firm also built tractor units to replace horses for use with
horse-drawn carriage A carriage is a two- or four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle for passengers. In Europe they were a common mode of transport for the wealthy during the Roman Empire, and then again from around 1600 until they were replaced by the motor car around 1 ...
s. Later models were also known as ''Kühlstein-Vollmer''. Production of these vehicles was absorbed by the
Neue Automobil Gesellschaft The Neue Automobil-Gesellschaft (NAG), or Nationale Automobil-Gesellschaft after it changed its name in 1915, was a German automobile manufacturer in Berlin." In 1902, German electrical company AEG (German company), AEG purchased the coachbuildi ...
(NAG) in 1902. Kühlstein continued manufacturing
coachwork A coachbuilder manufactures bodies for passenger-carrying vehicles. The trade of producing coachwork began with bodies for horse-drawn vehicles. Today it includes custom automobiles, buses, motor coaches, and railway carriages. The word ...
s, e.g. for
Horch Horch () was a German car manufacturer, which traced its roots to several companies founded in the late 19th and early 20th century by August Horch. It is one of the predecessors of the present day Audi company, which itself resulted from the ...
cars. The Kühlstein Wagenbau company established itself in aircraft construction and registered the pilot Bollmöller for the long-distance flight Berlin – Vienna in 1912 with its own Court monoplane. The wingspan of the aircraft designed by Engineer Max Court was 13500 mm. The total length was 9500 mm. The wings were 25 square meters in size. https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=sib&datum=19120004&query=(text:K%C3%BChlstein)&ref=anno-search&seite=488 Kühlstein aircraft, Sport im Bild 1912 Three people were able to fly on the plane. In 1914, the sons Walter and Ehrhard Leuschner were registered as co-owners. Max Leuschner died in 1923. In 1926, Kühlstein Wagenbau went bankrupt.


References

Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany Coachbuilders of Germany {{motorvehicle-company-stub