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Kölleda (until 1927 Cölleda) is a small rural town in
Thuringia Thuringia (; officially the Free State of Thuringia, ) is one of Germany, Germany's 16 States of Germany, states. With 2.1 million people, it is 12th-largest by population, and with 16,171 square kilometers, it is 11th-largest in area. Er ...
. The municipality belongs to the district of Sömmerda and is located about ten kilometres east of the district town of Sömmerda on the edge of the Thuringian Basin. It is the third largest municipality in the district with about 6300 inhabitants. Kölleda is the seat of the Kölleda administrative community, although it does not belong to it. The inhabitants are called "Kölledaer". Kölleda is a sub-centre for the region. The town is characterised by a former traditionally large cultivation of medicinal and aromatic herbs, especially peppermint. This led to the nickname "peppermint town" and "peppermint railway" for the
Straußfurt Straußfurt is a municipality in the Sömmerda district of Thuringia, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps t ...
- Großheringen railway line that runs past. Kölleda has an eventful 1200-year old history. Significant for the town's development during the
National Socialist Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During Hitler's rise to power, it was frequen ...
era were the construction of an air base and an aircraft office for the
Luftwaffe The Luftwaffe () was the aerial warfare, aerial-warfare branch of the before and during World War II. German Empire, Germany's military air arms during World War I, the of the Imperial German Army, Imperial Army and the of the Imperial Ge ...
and later, during the
GDR East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally vie ...
era, the VEB Funkwerk Kölleda (today Funkwerk AG). After the Second World War, this was founded as a "Neutrowerk" by committed returned and immigrant experts - after the most difficult negotiations with the Soviet military administration - in the "old building" of the air base, which was therefore not blown up. There are many small and medium-sized companies in Kölleda. Above all, electrical engineering and metal processing have become increasingly important as economic factors for the town. The "Jahnstadt" Kölleda is also known as the place of exile for the "gymnastics father"
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (11August 177815October 1852) was a German gymnastics educator and nationalist whose writing is credited with the founding of the German gymnastics (Turner) movement, first realized at Volkspark Hasenheide in Berlin, the origin of modern sports ...
(memorial plaque east of the Roßplatz intersection; around 1960 also with "Jahnsportspiele" and today again with the Jahnplatz). It is also the birthplace of the chemist Fritz Hofmann, inventor of artificial methyl rubber (Buna rubber). The house where he was born (memorial plaque) is situated in the former Auenstraße, which was renamed after him.


History


First mention and origin of name

Kölleda was first mentioned in a document as the village ''Collide'' in 786 in the property register of the Hersfeld Abby, the '' Breviarium Sancti Lulli''. The ending of the place name is a connection between the Old High German ''-idi'' and the Old Saxon ''-ithi''. The interpretation of the place name is difficult. The generally accepted opinion is that ''Collide'' means something like "in swampy terrain". This interpretation of the name is probably correct due to the location of the village in the geological region of the
Thuringian Basin The Thuringian Basin () is a depression (geology), depression in the central and northwest part of Thuringia in Germany which is crossed by several rivers, the longest of which is the Unstrut. It stretches about from north to south and around fro ...
. The root word can hardly be traced back to the Latin word ''Caulis'' for cabbage, as was previously assumed, since the vowel in the place name ''Collide'' before the double l was probably short. Short vowels, on the other hand, are found in the Old and Middle High German words ''kolo'' and ''kol'' for coal/charcoal and Alemannic ''cholle(n)'' for glow/glow. Other opinions therefore assume that Collide meant a place where charcoal was produced, i.e. a charcoal pile. Since Kölleda was not in a forest area, there are other interpretations in research, e.g. a place of cultivation for pepper cabbage (''Kölle''), i.e. peppermint, which is still cultivated here today. Over the centuries, the place name changed to "Cölleda", which is still in use today. Since 1927 the town name has been officially spelt with a "K", i.e. "Kölleda" instead of "Cölleda". The vernacular also uses the nickname "Kuhkölln". This place name appears in an old record in 1487, which according to a legend written down by the chronicler Friedrich Heinrich Grüning in 1833 is said to have the following origin: Another credible interpretation is that it is derived from the bonnets of the nuns of the local convent, the Kukelen. Even today, the population still uses the nickname, especially during the annual carnival procession with "Kuhkölln - Helau".


Historical spellings of the name Kölleda


Middle Ages

The feudal lord of the town was the
Hersfeld Abbey Hersfeld Abbey was an important Benedictine imperial abbey in the town of Bad Hersfeld in Hesse (formerly in Hesse-Nassau), Germany, at the confluence of the rivers Geisa, Haune and Fulda. The ruins are now a medieval festival venue. History ...
, which enfeoffed the Counts of Beichlingen with income from the town. When the Peter-Paul-Church in the village slowly became too small for the growing population, the St. Johannes Monastery Church was built in its place in 1266. The church was part of the Convent, founded on 8 September at the instigation of Abbot Lullus of Hersfeld Monastery, by the convent of nuns of the grey St. Benedict Order. In 1303, numerous Jews were murdered in Cölleda and the surrounding area because of their religion. At the intersection of two trade routes, Cölleda developed as a market and trading centre to become the most important town in the surrounding area, which led to Friedrich VI Count of Beichlingen Cölleda was granted town charter in 1392. Despite the town charter, however, the supreme feudal sovereignty remained with Hersfeld Monastery. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Lords of Werthern took the place of the Counts of Beichlingen. Their family coat of arms was incorporated into the town coat of arms of Cölleda.


Modern times and industrialisation

A plague-like epidemic killed 500 people in Cölleda in 1518. In 1519, the counts of Werthern received the county of Beichlingen and the rights for the municipality of Cölleda. With the upswing of agriculture and cattle breeding in the area, a distinct market system developed, which led to the construction of a market well in 1528. After the
Schmalkaldic War The Schmalkaldic War (; July 1546May 1547) was fought within the territories of the Holy Roman Empire between the allied forces of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Maurice, Duke of Saxony against the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, with the forc ...
, Cölleda belonged to the
Electorate of Saxony The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony ( or ), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 to 1806 initially centred on Wittenberg that came to include areas around the cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz. It was a ...
. In 1553, the Backleber Tor (Backleber Gate) was built and three years later the bridge gate. With the dissolution of the Hersfeld monastery, the town acquired the associated lands. In 1577 and 1578, 448 people fell victim to the plague. During the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
(1618-1648), military activity, looting and epidemics occurred repeatedly in the town. During the plague in 1626, 1000 people died in Kölleda. In 1634, troops from the Electorate of Saxony were quartered in Cölleda for 22 weeks. Cölleda had to pay a monthly tribute of 800 Thaler. To commemorate the peace after the war, a memorial stone was erected on 19 April 1649 along the boundary between Cölleda and Großneuhausen. In addition to the two existing town halls, the third town hall was built in 1702. In 1724 the Electoral Saxon Post Office was built and in 1744 the new school at the market.
Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...
received some Albertine lands after the
Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon, Napol ...
in 1815, including Cölleda. With the transfer of the district administration from
Wiehe Wiehe () is a town and a former municipality in the Kyffhäuserkreis district, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Roßleben-Wiehe. It is situated south of Sangerhausen, and north of Weimar. Location Wiehe is lo ...
to Cölleda in 1824, Cölleda was elevated by royal cabinet order to the status of district town of the newly established District of Eckartsberga in the Merseburg administrative district of the
Province of Saxony The Province of Saxony (), also known as Prussian Saxony (), was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Free State of Prussia from 1816 until 1944. Its capital was Magdeburg. It was formed by the merger of various territories ceded ...
. The year 1824 also marked the beginning of the cultivation of medicinal herbs, especially
peppermint Peppermint (''Mentha'' × ''piperita'') is a Hybrid (biology), hybrid species of Mentha, mint, a cross between Mentha aquatica, watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in m ...
, which gave Cölleda the nickname ''Peppermint Town'' in 1830. In 1848, during the March Revolution, civil defence units stood up to the Prussian military and forced the soldiers to withdraw from the town. On 22 September of that year, a popular assembly took place in Cölleda, in which 15,000 people from Cölleda, Sömmerda and the surrounding villages are said to have participated. This assembly was an expression of a popular movement that had forced the expropriation of the large estates in two neighbouring communities of Sömmerda and their division among the peasants and day labourers. However, the movement was put down and one of its leaders and 70 other people from the region were sentenced to 25 years in prison each. In 1857, the district savings bank was established. The ''Saal-Unstrut-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft'' (SUE), founded in Cölleda in 1870, opened the Straußfurt-Großheringen railway line in 1874. (''peppermint railway''); with it, Cölleda also received a telegraph station. Seven years after the railway line was put into operation, the
stagecoach A stagecoach (also: stage coach, stage, road coach, ) is a four-wheeled public transport coach used to carry paying passengers and light packages on journeys long enough to need a change of horses. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by ...
service was discontinued in 1881. In 1884, the district administration office was built. The well was connected to the newly built water supply from the Backleber spring in 1890. At the turn of the century in 1900, a gasworks was built in Cölleda, the new school in Hundtgasse street was handed over and the first telephone connection went into operation. In 1908, a hospital was built. The children's home, which had been built with funds from the Karl and Fritz Feistkorn Foundation, was handed over in 1911. On 12 March 1912, the construction contracts for the Laucha-Kölleda railway line (''Finnebahn'') were awarded. In 1913, the public baths were handed over by the Feistkorn Foundation. On 1 May 1914, the Cölleda-Lossa section of the Finnebahn was opened. The construction of the Finnebahn made Cölleda a railway junction. At the end of the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
(1914-1918), Cölleda counted more than 100 casualties. The
electrification Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source. In the context of history of technology and economic development, electrification refe ...
Due to the morphological more appropriate initial sound, the spelling was changed to Kölleda in 1927.


From National Socialism to the founding of the GDR

On 1 January 1934, the Prussian Municipal Constitution Act of 15 December 1933 was introduced, and the municipality of Kölleda was renamed the town of Kölleda. During the National Socialist era, Kölleda experienced strong population growth, justified by the rearmament policy of the 1930s. In 1935, an air base and an aviation office were established in Kölleda, which represented a turning point in the town's development, because within a few years the number of inhabitants had almost doubled in connection with the air base and the necessary aviation personnel. In 1936, the Schillingstedter district and the Bahner district were built, the barracks on Kiebitzhöhe were erected and Kiebitzhöhe was given a railway stop. At the same time, the airfield was developed into one of the largest air force bases in Germany. On 1 November 1941, Auenstraße was renamed Prof.-Hofmann street on the occasion of the 75th birthday of Fritz Hofmann. Shortly after the seizure of power by the
National Socialists Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
, severe persecution of Jews, Social Democrats, Communists and members of the bekennende Kirche began, and several citizens of Kölleda were deported to concentration camps. Another citizen was sentenced in 1943 for " insidious statement to prison imprisonment, which he served in the
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital (political), capital and largest city of the Central Germany (cultural area), Central German state of Thuringia, with a population of around 216,000. It lies in the wide valley of the Gera (river), River Gera, in the so ...
penitentiary. A woman protected until then by her non-Jewish husband was deported to the
Theresienstadt concentration camp Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstadt served as a waystation to the extermination c ...
in 1944, where she died two days after her arrival. During the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, a large number of
prisoners of war A prisoner of war (POW) is a person held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of war for a ...
s, as well as women and men from
Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
,
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
s and the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of ...
: at the
air base An airbase (stylised air base in American English), sometimes referred to as a military airbase, military airfield, military airport, air station, naval air station, air force station, or air force base, is an aerodrome or airport used as a mi ...
and at the Angora farm. On the instructions of the SED regional leadership, the
war memorial A war memorial is a building, monument, statue, or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in a war. Symbolism Historical usage It has ...
on the ''Rossplatz'' was converted into a memorial for the victims of fascism in 1946/47. Despite an air raid in 1944 on the airfield in Kölleda, the city centre was spared during the Second World War and was handed over to the US without a fight on 11 April 1945. On 1 July, the American occupation was replaced by the Soviet occupation. Immediately after the takeover, the Soviet Army set up a prison in the villa on the corner of Bahnhofstraße and Hopfendamm. The prison was run by the Soviet secret service. There were many reasons for imprisonment, such as mistreatment of Eastern workers, activity in National Socialist organisations, possession of weapons and activity as a
Werwolf ''Werwolf'' (, German for "werewolf") was a Nazi plan which began development in 1944, to create a resistance force which would operate behind enemy lines as the Allies advanced through Germany in parallel with the ''Wehrmacht'' fighting in ...
. Some of the prisoners were also mistreated during interrogations and some were subsequently sentenced to 10 or 25 years' penal servitude by the military tribunal in Naumburg Prison. There were also sentences to death, the executions taking place in the
Red Ox Red is the color at the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet. It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–750 nanometres. It is a primary color in the RGB color model and a secondary ...
in Halle. The other convicts were sent via Halle to the Special Camp Torgau (Fort Zinna) or to Bautzen Prison. At the end of 1947, the prisoners were transferred to the Soviet Special Camp Sachsenhausen. A prime example is the story of the '' Greußen Boys''. At the beginning of 1948, the Finnebahn was shut down in favour of reparations for the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
.


GDR period

On 7 October 1949 Kölleda became part of the newly founded
German Democratic Republic East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...
. In 1950, the government of
Saxony-Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt ( ; ) is a States of Germany, state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of and has a population of 2.17 million inhabitants, making it the List of German states ...
decided to rename the district of Eckartsberga to the district of Kölleda. Battgendorf was incorporated on 1 July 1950. Due to the territorial reform in 1952, Kölleda lost its district town status and has since belonged to the district of Sömmerda (until 1990 Erfurt district, since then Thuringia). In 1957, the municipal swimming pool Streitsee was handed over. Kiebitzhöhe was built as a new district in the east of the town in 1958. A bus station was built at Rossplatz in 1968. In 1978, the municipal association was founded. The ''1200-year celebration'' took place in 1986. In 1990 Kölleda was a venue for matches in the European Under-16 Football Championship 1990.


Post-reunification period until today

In 1992, the Feistkornstraße residential area with 212 flats was handed over. In the same year, the citizens of Kölleda and their guests celebrated the 600th anniversary of the granting of the town and market rights by Count Friedrich VI of Beichlingen. One year later, the town library and the town archive were inaugurated in the former Wannebad. The Kölleda administrative community was founded in 1994. The administrative community now included the municipalities of Beichlingen, Großmonra, Großneuhausen, Kleinneuhausen, Ostramondra and Schillingstedt. In the same year, the local history museum on Rossplatz was reopened after reconstruction. Dermsdorf was incorporated on 22 January by the Thuringian Reorganisation Act of 27 August 1993. In 1997, the topping-out ceremony was held for the school extension at the Prof. Hofmann School. The herb mill was inaugurated in 1998. In a record attempt in 1999, Kölleda was able to enter the
Guinness Book of Records ''Guinness World Records'', known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as ''The Guinness Book of Records'' and in previous United States editions as ''The Guinness Book of World Records'', is a British reference book published annually, listi ...
with the largest
tea bag A tea bag (or teabag) is a small, porous, sealed bag or Packet (container), packet typically containing tea leaves (''Camellia sinensis'') or the leaves of other herbs, which is immersed in water to steeping, steep and make an infusion. Origina ...
in the world. In 1999, the town sought to terminate its membership in the Kölleda administrative community, which had existed since 1994, because it felt that this violated its right to local self-government. Since this was not possible according to §§ 25 and 48 sentence 1 of the Thuringian Law on the Reorganisation of Municipalities, it filed a constitutional complaint with the Thuringian Constitutional Court. However, the Constitutional Court rejected the constitutional complaint in a ruling of 30 July 1999. At the turn of the millennium in 2000, the Kölleda Funkwerk museum was handed over. In 2001, the exhibition ''Against Forgetting - Central Germany's Air War History'' was opened in the Backleber Tor. When a location was sought for the MDC Power GmbH engine plant, Kölleda was chosen from 49 possible sites. As a result, major investments were made in the infrastructure of the industrial estate. The industrial track to the Kiebitzhöhe industrial estate was laid anew and a roundabout was created between Frohndorf and Kölleda to direct heavy goods traffic from the Bundesstraße 176 via the new cross road to the industrial estate. In 2002, construction of the engine plant began and the topping-out ceremony was held on 2 August. On 11 December of that year, a new substation for the industrial estate was commissioned, and five days later, on 16 December, the new connection from the roundabout to the Gewerbegebiet Kiebitzhöhe and the section of the Federal Motorway 71 from Sömmerda to Erfurt were inaugurated. Construction was completed in December 2003 and production started on 4 December. In 2006, after more than a year of consideration, the Thuringian Ministry of the Interior made the decision to admit the town of Rastenberg to the Kölleda administrative community. With effect from 1 January 2007, the town of Rastenberg joined the Kölleda administrative community. On 31 December 2012, the municipality of Großmonra with its districts Backleben and Burgwenden was incorporated into Kölleda. On 1 January 2019, the municipality of Beichlingen with its local parts Beichlingen and Altenbeichlingen was incorporated. On 1 January 2021, Kölleda left the Kölleda administrative community.


Religions

Protestants predominate among the town's religious residents. The Protestant regional parish of Kölleda is served jointly by the pastor couple Gerlinde and Joachim Justus Breithaupt. They are responsible for the villages of Kölleda, Ostramondra, Großmonra, Backleben, Burgwenden, Battgendorf, Backleben, Dermsdorf, Bachra/Schafau and Ostramondra. Christian teaching and confirmation classes are held regularly. In Kölleda, a community centre was ceremoniously opened in 2014. The gospel choir "Coloured Unit" rehearses here.


Population development

The following data shows the development of the population of the town of Kölleda. In summary, it can be seen that the development of the population rose sharply at the time of National Socialism and the GDR. This is due on the one hand to the former air base and the aviation office and on the other hand to the radio factory, both of which were major employers in the town. As a result of the 30-year war, there has been a sharp decline in the population. After the Wende (GDR), there was a steady decline in the number of inhabitants until the incorporation of Großmonra in 2012.


Development of the number of inhabitants before 1990


Development of the number of inhabitants as of 1990


Politics


Mayors

Since the granting of the town charter in 1392, the most important right of the citizens of Kölleda was to elect a twelve-member council, headed by the "Ratsmeister", who soon had the title of "Burgemeister". In the 16th and 17th centuries, the town's leadership consisted of "three means", a ruling and two dormant mayors, of whom only one was ever in charge. Until 1832, the mayors were part-time.It was not until the introduction of the revised Prussian Town Code of 1831 that the mayoralty in Kölleda was held on a full-time basis. Udo Hoffmann (Freie Wähler), who was elected in the mayoral election on 6 May 2012, had been the full-time mayor of Kölleda since 1 July 2012. For reasons of age, he was not allowed to run again in the municipal elections on 15 April 2018. In a run-off election on 29 April 2018, Lutz Riedel (SPD) prevailed against Patric Nowak, who has held the mayoralty since 1 July 2018. ; Previous mayors of the city of Kölleda


Coat of arms

The
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...
of Kölleda depicts St Wippertus, patron saint of the town. St. Wippertus is on a silver background, facing right, holding grapes in his right hand and a golden staff in his left hand. Below St. Wippertus is a shield representing a golden branch of an oak tree with three leaves on a black background. Meaning: St. Wippertus was a Benedictine monk from the Anglo-Saxon monastery of
Glastonbury Glastonbury ( , ) is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated at a dry point on the low-lying Somerset Levels, south of Bristol. The town had a population of 8,932 in the 2011 census. Glastonbury is less than across the River ...
and a disciple of
Boniface Boniface, OSB (born Wynfreth; 675 –5 June 754) was an English Benedictine monk and leading figure in the Anglo-Saxon mission to the Germanic parts of Francia during the eighth century. He organised significant foundations of the church i ...
. Around 730 he came to the Hessian-Thuringian mission area. The grapes in the hand of St. Wippertus are connected with a miracle story. According to it, one day the necessary Mass wine was missing. But St. Wippertus brought a freshly picked grape, pressed its juice with his hands into the communion chalice and had fermented wine in it. The coat of arms with the oak leaves is the coat of arms of the Counts of Werthern, who gained the rights to the town in 1519.


Town friendship

*
Hochheim am Main Hochheim am Main (, ; Old English: Hockamore) is a town in the Main-Taunus district of the German state of Hesse. It is located near the right bank of the river Main three miles above its confluence with the Rhine, as well as on the German Timbe ...
in Hesse


Literature

* Friedrich Heinrich Grüning: ''Neue vervollständigte Chronik der Stadt Cölleda.'' s. n., s. l. 1835,
Digitalisat
. * Reinhard Clemen: ''Die Finanzwirtschaft der kleineren preussischen Städte und ihre Entwicklung seit 1871. Vornehmlich dargestellt an Städten Torgau und Cölleda i. Thüringen.'' s. n., Halle (Saale) 1911, (Halle, university, Dissertation, 1911
Digitalisat
. * Karl Michael: ''Geschichte der Stadt Kölleda im Mittelalter und zur Zeit der Reformation.'' Band 4. s. n., Kölleda 1974, (typewritten duplicate). * ''Kölleda. Eine Verwaltungsgemeinschaft stellt sich vor … Kölleda, Beichlingen, Großneuhausen, Großmonra, Kleinneuhausen, Schillingstedt, Ostramondra. Besuchen Sie uns!'' 3rd edition. WEKA-Info-Verlag, Mering 2005. * ''1225 Jahre Kölleda. 786–2011. Festschrift 786–2011.'' Municipality of Kölleda, Kölleda 2011.


Personalities


Honorary citizen

*
Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (; born ''Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck''; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898) was a German statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany and served as ...
(* 1 April 1815 in
Schönhausen Schönhausen (Low German, Low Saxon: ''Schöönhusen'') is a municipality in the district of Stendal (district), Stendal in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. It is the seat of the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ("collective municipality") Elbe-Havel-Land. Geograp ...
; † 30 July 1898 in
Friedrichsruh Friedrichsruh () is a district in the municipality of Aumühle, Herzogtum Lauenburg district, Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany. Friedrichsruh manor is known as a residence of the princely House of Bismarck, mainly of Chancellor Otto von ...
), first Chancellor of the
German Empire The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...
* Karl Feistkorn (* 20 January 1850; † 18 November 1923 in Kölleda), textile manufacturer in Gera and founder of the children's home * Fritz Feistkorn (* 26 February 1859; † 23 April 1929 in Kölleda), textile manufacturer in Gera and benefactor of the children's home * Fritz Hofmann (* 2 November 1866; † 29 October 1956 in Hanover), chemist and inventor of synthetic rubber.


Sons and daughters of the city

* Johann Otto von Hellwig (* 1654; † 1698 in Bayreuth), East India traveller, physician, alchemist and author * Christoph von Hellwig (* 15 July 1663; † 27 May 1721 in Erfurt), physician and creator of the 100-year calendar * Johann Christian Noback (* 6 October 1777; † 4 June 1852 in Chemnitz), writer on commercial science * Wilhelm Friedrich Riem (* 17 December 1779; † 20 April 1857 in Bremen), composer and conductor * Karl Florentin Leidenfrost (11 May 1783; † 24 March 1834 in Weimar), grammar school teacher, translator and biographer * Karl August Noback (* 18 June 1810; † 1 February 1870 in Prague), writer on commercial science. * Lothar von Wurmb (* 30 January 1824; † 28 July 1890 in Wiesbaden), police commissioner of Berlin and government president of Wiesbaden * Friedrich Gerhardt (* 1 November 1826; † 25 April 1922 in Merseburg), organ builder * Ernst Schäfer (* 30 November 1830; † 12 January 1899 in Neuemühle near Kassel), German civil servant and politician. * Paul Kalkoff (* 17 August 1858; † 11 May 1928 in Breslau), historian of the Reformation. * Heinrich Karl Otto Straßburg (* 1862; † 1941 in Görlitz), textile merchant in Görlitz. * Kurt Bornitz (* 8 February 1899; † in January 1945), Protestant pastor and opponent of National Socialism. * Friedemann Freiherr von Münchhausen (* 7 January 1906; † 16 March 2002 in Düsseldorf), state secretary in the Ministry of Justice of North Rhine-Westphalia *
Richard Groschopp Richard Groschopp (19 February 1906 - 8 July 1996) was a German film director and screenwriter. He directed in more than sixty films from 1932 to 1971. Selected filmography References External links

* 1906 births 1996 deaths Film ...
(* 19 February 1906; † 8 July 1996 in Kleinmachnow near Berlin), director and cinematographer * Walter Schunack (* 21 March 1935; † 6 April 2011), pharmacist and medical doctor and recipient of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, first class * Walter Kittel (* 21 May 1942; † 18 October 1965 in Berlin), Berlin Wall fatality. * Hans-Joachim Kanzler (* 1946), jurist, since 1989 judge and since 2006 presiding judge at the
Federal Fiscal Court The Federal Fiscal Court ( ; abbreviated ) is one of five federal supreme courts of Germany, established according to Article 95 of the Basic Law. It is the federal court of appeal for tax and customs matters in cases which have already been he ...
as well as honorary professor at Leibniz University Hanover * Brigitte Fugmann (* 3 May 1948; † 8 October 1992, painter and graphic artist * Frank Boblenz (* 24 November 1957), archivist and historian as well as author and acknowledged expert on Thuringian history * Ralf Hauboldt (* 7 February 1961), politician (Die Linke), mayor of the city of Sömmerda since 2012. * Torsten Czuppon (* 1966), police officer and AfD politician


Personalities associated with the town

* Johann Christian Ernesti (1695-1769), deacon in Kölleda * Louise Brachmann (1777-1822), writer, lived briefly in Kölleda *
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (11August 177815October 1852) was a German gymnastics educator and nationalist whose writing is credited with the founding of the German gymnastics (Turner) movement, first realized at Volkspark Hasenheide in Berlin, the origin of modern sports ...
(1778-1852), also called "Turnvater Jahn", lived in Kölleda from 1828 to 1835 * Otto Freiherr von Münchhausen (1802-1869), Prussian Landrat of the district of Eckartsberga and owner of a knight's estate, died here * Ludwig Karl von Schlotheim (1818-1889), Prussian general of cavalry, joined the Thuringian Hussar Regiment No. 12 in Kölleda in 1835 *
Albert Traeger Christian Gottfried Albert Traeger (12 June 1830 in Augsburg, Germany – 26 March 1912 in Charlottenburg) was a German privy councillor and parliamentarian of the Progressive People's Party (Germany), Progressive People's Party and writer. Germa ...
(1830-1912), politician and poet, worked as a lawyer and notary in Kölleda from 1862 to 1875 * Ernst Uhsemann (1882-1945), German local historian and rector, worked as a teacher in Kölleda * Hugo Launicke (1909-1975), resistance fighter against National Socialism and later SED politician, was district councillor in Kölleda district * Hans-Reinhard Koch (1929-2018), auxiliary bishop in the diocese of Erfurt, became parish curate in Kölleda in 1959 File:Koelleda_rossplatz_2014.jpg, File:Koelleda_Rittergut.jpg,


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kolleda Sömmerda (district)