Kálmán Kalocsay (; 6 October 1891 in Abaújszántó – 27 February 1976) was a Hungarian

Esperantist An Esperantist () is a person who speaks, reads or writes Esperanto. According to the Declaration of Boulogne, a document agreed upon at the first World Esperanto Congress in 1905, an Esperantist is someone who speaks Esperanto and uses it for ...

poet, translator, and editor who significantly influenced

Esperanto culture Esperanto culture refers to the shared cultural experience of the Esperantujo, or Esperanto-speaking community. Despite being a constructed language, Esperanto has a history dating back to the late 19th century, and shared socio-cultural mores ha ...

, both in its literature and in the language itself, through his original poetry and his translations of literary works from his native Hungarian and other languages of Europe. His name is sometimes Esperantized as Kolomano Kaloĉajo, and some of his work was published under various pseudonyms, including ''C.E.R. Bumy, Kopar, Alex Kay, K. Stelov, Malice Pik'' and ''Peter Peneter''. Kalocsay studied medicine and later became a surgeon and the chief infectious disease specialist at a major Budapest hospital. He learned both

Esperanto Esperanto (, ) is the world's most widely spoken Constructed language, constructed international auxiliary language. Created by L. L. Zamenhof in 1887 to be 'the International Language' (), it is intended to be a universal second language for ...

and its breakaway dialect

Ido Ido () is a constructed language derived from a reformed version of Esperanto, and designed similarly with the goal of being a universal second language for people of diverse languages. To function as an effective ''international auxiliary ...

in his adolescence, but became more inclined towards Esperanto after he had seen its greater literary potential. In 1921 his first original collection of poems, ''Mondo kaj Koro'' (“World and heart”) was published. A further decade passed before the appearance of his collection ''Streĉita Kordo'' (“A taut string”), which many Esperantists consider one of the finest collections of original Esperanto poetry, and ''Rimportretoj'' (“Portraits in rhyme”), witty poems in rondel style about various people then prominent in the Esperanto movement. In 1932, under the pseudonym Peter Peneter, he published ''Sekretaj Sonetoj'' (“Secret sonnets”), a book of erotic verse. In addition to being a prolific author of Esperanto works, Kalocsay guided the Esperanto literary world through a magazine and publishing house called ''Literatura Mondo'' (“Literary world”). A group of writers who coalesced around this magazine during the 1920s and 1930s were known as the "Budapest school" (''Budapeŝta skolo''). Works of Kalocsay about literary and linguistic theory include the expansive ''Plena Gramatiko de Esperanto'' (“Complete grammar of Esperanto”) and ''Parnasa Gvidlibro'' (“Handbook of Parnassus”), a work on Esperanto poetics co-authored with Gaston Waringhien, and an academic

style guide A style guide is a set of standards for the writing, formatting, and design of documents. A book-length style guide is often called a style manual or a manual of style. A short style guide, typically ranging from several to several dozen page ...

for Esperanto, ''Lingvo – Stilo – Formo'' (“Language, style and form”). Kalocsay also co-compiled the two-volume '' Enciklopedio de Esperanto'' (“Encyclopædia of Esperanto”). Much was written about Kalocsay by his literary executor Ada Csiszár, after whose death the estate passed to the Esperanto Museum of the Austrian National Library.

Works

Original poetry

* ''Dek elektitaj poemoj'' (Ten selected poems from ''Strecita Kordo''-ból), 1976 * ''Dissemitaj floroj'' (Scattered flower seeds). Budapest, 2005 * ''Izolo'' (Isolation), 1977 * ''La dekdu noktoj de satano'' (The Twelve Nights of Satan), 1990 * ''Mondo kaj Koro'' (World and Heart), 1921 * ''Rimportretoj'' (Rhyme Portraits), 1934 * ''Streĉita Kordo'' (A Taut String), 1931, 1978 * ''Sekretaj Sonetoj'' (Secret Sonnets), 1932, 1989 * ''Versojn oni ne aĉetas'' (Verses one does not buy), 1992

Translations into Esperanto

* ''Arthistorio I.'' (Art history notes, following the lectures of Antal Hekler, Part I: The art of ancient peoples) – Prose, 1934 * ''Du kokcineloj'' ( Géza Gárdonyi: Two Ladybugs) – Prose, 1923 * ''Eterna Bukedo'' (Eternal bouquet) – Poetry anthology, 1931 * ''Ezopa saĝo'' (

Aesop Aesop ( ; , ; c. 620–564 BCE; formerly rendered as Æsop) was a Greeks, Greek wikt:fabulist, fabulist and Oral storytelling, storyteller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as ''Aesop's Fables''. Although his existence re ...

ian wisdom), 1956, 1978 * ''Hungara Antologio'' (Hungarian anthology), 1933, 1983 * ''Infero'' (

Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri (; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri; – September 14, 1321), widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer, and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called ...

: ''Inferno''), 1933, 1979 * ''Johano la Brava'' ( Petőfi Sándor: János vitéz), 1923, 1948, 1984, graphic novel 2001 * ''Kantanta kamparo'' (Éneklő mező - népdalok), 1922 * ''Kantoj kaj Romancoj'' (

Heinrich Heine Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (; ; born Harry Heine; 13 December 1797 – 17 February 1856) was an outstanding poet, writer, and literary criticism, literary critic of 19th-century German Romanticism. He is best known outside Germany for his ...

: Dalok és románcok), together with Gaston Waringhien, 1969 * ''La Floroj de l'Malbono'' (

Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics ...

: ''

Les Fleurs du mal ''Les Fleurs du mal'' (; ) is a volume of French poetry by Charles Baudelaire. ''Les Fleurs du mal'' includes nearly all Baudelaire's poetry, written from 1840 until his death in August 1867. First published in 1857, it was important in the ...

'') (joint translation), 1957 * ''La Tempesto'' (

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...

: ''

The Tempest ''The Tempest'' is a Shakespeare's plays, play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610–1611, and thought to be one of the last plays that he wrote alone. After the first scene, which takes place on a ship at sea during a tempest, th ...

''), 1970 * ''La Taglibro'' (

Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...

: The Diary), 1984 * ''La Tragedio de l'Homo'' (Madách: Az ember tragédiája), 1924 (revised: 1965), CD version: 1999 * ''Libero kaj Amo'' (Petőfi Sándor: Szabadság, szerelem), 1970 * ''Morgaŭ matene'' ( Frigyes Karinthy: Holnap reggel) – Prose, 1923 * ''Ni kantu!'' (Énekeljünk), 1928, 2000 * ''Reĝo Lear'' (Shakespeare: ''

King Lear ''The Tragedy of King Lear'', often shortened to ''King Lear'', is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It is loosely based on the mythological Leir of Britain. King Lear, in preparation for his old age, divides his ...

''), 1966 * ''Romaj Elegioj'', ''La Taglibro'' (Goethe: Roman Elegy, The Diary), 1932 * ''Rozinjo'' (: Rozika) – Play, 1938, 1977 * ''Somermeznokta Sonĝo'' (Shakespeare: ''

A Midsummer Night's Dream ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' is a Comedy (drama), comedy play written by William Shakespeare in about 1595 or 1596. The play is set in Athens, and consists of several subplots that revolve around the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. One s ...

''), 1967 * ''Tutmonda Sonoro'' (Sounding World, an anthology translated from 30 languages in two volumes), 1981 * ''Vivo de Arnaldo'' (

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 un ...

: ''Vita di Arnaldo'') – Prose, 1934

Edited by Kalocsay

* ''Dekdu Poetoj'' (Twelve Poets), 1934 * ''Naŭ poetoj'' (Nine poets), 1938, 1989 * Enciklopedio de Esperanto / red. , ; la lingvo-fakon K. Kalocsay ; iniciatinto-cefredaktoro I. Sirjaev. Budapest : Literatura Mondo, 1933.

Linguistics and prose works

* ''8000 frazeologiaj esprimoj'' (8000 phraseological expressions, together with Ada Csiszár), 2003 * ''Dek prelegoj'' (Ten lectures), 1985 * ''Diino Hertha'' (Goddess Hertha), 1992 * ''Domfabriko'' (House Factory, 6000 phrases in Hungarian-Esperanto, together with Ada Csiszár), 1975 * ''Eszperantó nyelvtan'' (Esperanto grammar), 1948 * ''Kiel verki kaj traduki'' (How to write and translate), 1979 * ''La gramatika karaktero de esperantaj radikoj'' (Grammatical characteristics of Esperanto word roots), 1938, 1980 * ''Lingvo Stilo Formo'' (Language Style Form) – Study, 1931, 1963, 1970 * ''Parnasa Gvidlibro'', (Guide to Parnassus, jointly with Gaston Waringhien), 1932, 1968, 1984 * ''Plena gramatiko'', (Complete grammar), 1935, 1938, 1958-1964 * ''Rendszeres eszperantó nyelvtan'' (Regular Esperanto Grammar), 1966, 1968, 2004 * ''Selektitaj leteroj'' (Selected letters) Budapest, 2006 * ''Sendemandaj respondoj'' (Questionless answers), Sezonoj, 1992 * ''Vojaĝo inter la tempoj'', (Journey between times) – linguistics, Stafeto 1966;

Translations into other languages

* ''Ezopa saĝo'' (Aesopian wisdom); into Chinese, 1980 * ''En nacia vesto'' (In national dress); into 19 languages, Budapest, 2004 * ''Johano la Brava'' (John the Brave); Chinese–Esperanto

parallel text A parallel text is a text placed alongside its translation or translations. Parallel text alignment is the identification of the corresponding sentences in both halves of the parallel text. The Loeb Classical Library and the Clay Sanskrit Libr ...

, 1997

External links

* *
Kalman Kalocsay's poetry in English
at ''Poems Found in Translation'' * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalocsay, Kalman Hungarian Esperantists Hungarian male poets Writers of Esperanto literature 1891 births 1976 deaths 20th-century Hungarian poets 20th-century Hungarian male writers People from Abaújszántó