Kurdybań Warkowicki
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Kurdybań Warkowicki, or Kurdyban–Warkowicki, was a Polish village in
Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939) Wołyń Voivodeship or Wołyń Province was an administrative region of Interwar period, interwar Second Polish Republic, Poland (1918–1939) with an area of 35,754 km², 22 cities, and provincial capital in Lutsk, Łuck. The Voivodeships ...
before the joint Nazi German and Soviet invasions of Poland in 1939. It was located near the town of Warkowicze () in
Dubno Dubno (, ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality located on the Ikva River in Rivne Oblast (oblast, province) of western Ukraine. It serves as the capital city, administrative center of Dubno Raion ...
County, in the eastern part of the
Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...
(now, in Ukraine). Volhynia Gazetteer. Location according to SGGEE guideline, p. 20: Kurdiban (Kurdyban-Warkowicki/W of Varkovychi) near Dubno
The village was eradicated during the Polish population transfers after World War II, when the
Kresy Eastern Borderlands (), often simply Borderlands (, ) was a historical region of the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic. The term was coined during the interwar period (1918–1939). Largely agricultural and extensively multi-ethnic with ...
macroregion A macroregion is a geopolitical subdivision that encompasses several traditionally or politically defined regions or countries. The meaning may vary, with the common denominator being cultural, economical, historical or social similarity within a ma ...
was formally incorporated into the Soviet Union.


World War II

The village was a site of an OUN- UPA
ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous. Along with direct removal such as deportation or population transfer, it ...
operation against the Polish civilians, led by the Ukrainian Military Group No. 02 called the " Bohun" during the wave of
massacres of Poles in Volhynia The Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia (; ) were carried out in Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), with the support of parts of the local Ukrainians, Ukrainian popu ...
between 1942 and 1945. The Polish self-defence unit managed to hold its position there until the arrival of the
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
in 1944. Władysław and Ewa Siemaszko
''Ludobójstwo'', Polska obrona, Zarys ogólny wydarzeń.
Internet Archive.
The witnesses consider such survival remarkable with no German outposts and no Polish partisans in its vicinity. Unlike neighbouring settlements, Kurdybań was not surrounded by the forest; therefore, the UPA units had no place to hide against its defenders equipped with a heavy machine gun disassembled from a Soviet tank destroyed by the Germans. The Kurdybań provided refuge for Jewish families escaping
the Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...
in its vicinity. The local self-defence was made up of around 60 men including 25
Polish Jews The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jews, Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the long pe ...
. Most Polish self-defence units across the province fell — unable to defend the population against the genocide. Kurdybań Warkowicki was one of the only a handful of surviving units, among them: Młynów (now
Mlyniv Mlyniv (; ) is a Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements, rural settlement in Rivne Oblast (oblast, province) in western Ukraine. Mlyniv was also formerly the administrative center of Mlyniv Raion, housing the district's local administrati ...
), Lubomirka, Klewań, Rokitno (in the
Pinsk Marshes __NOTOC__ The Pripet Marshes or Pripyat Marshes (), also known as Pinsk Marshes (), the Polesie Marshes, and the Rokitno Marshes, are a vast natural region of wetlands in Polesia, along the forested basin of the Pripyat River and its tributaries ...
), Budki Snowidowickie and Osty. The settlement no longer exists. It was liquidated likely during the
Polish population transfers (1944–46) Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...
.


See also

*
History of Poland (1939–1945) The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Following the German–Soviet non-aggression pact, Poland was invaded by Nazi ...
*
Historiography of the Volyn tragedy This article presents the historiography of the massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, as presented by historians in Poland and Ukraine after World War II. Beginning in March 1943, and lasting until early 1945, a violent ethnic cleans ...


References

* Andrzej Mielcarek
Strony o Wolyniu
* Władysław and Ewa Siemaszko

Internet Archive. * Krzysztof Lada
''Creative Forgetting.''
''Polish and Ukrainian Historiographies on the Campaign against the Poles in Volhynia during World WarII'', Glaukopis, No. 2/3, 2005, pp. 340–75. * Prof. dr Ryszard Szawłowski (November 2000)

''Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939-1945'' Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko * Leszek Ubowski
Organizacja i funkcjonowanie okręgu Okręg Wołyń, Wrocław 2007
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kurdyban Warkowicki Former populated places in Ukraine History of Volyn Oblast Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia War crimes committed by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army