The Kubitzki system is a system of plant taxonomy devised by Klaus Kubitzki, and is the product of an ongoing survey of vascular plants, entitled ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'', and extending to 15 volumes in 2018.Klaus Kubitzki (general editor). 1990 onward. ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany.
/ref> The survey, in the form of an encyclopedia, is important as a comprehensive, multivolume treatment of the vascular plants, with

keys Key or The Key may refer to: Common meanings * Key (cryptography), a piece of information that controls the operation of a cryptography algorithm * Key (lock), device used to control access to places or facilities restricted by a lock * Key (map ...

to and descriptions of all families and genera, mostly by specialists in those groups. The Kubitzki system served as the basis for classification in ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'', a dictionary of the vascular plants.

Mabberley Professor David John Mabberley , (born May 1948) is a British-born botanist, educator and writer. Among his varied scientific interests is the taxonomy of tropical plants, especially trees of the families Labiatae, Meliaceae and Rutaceae. He i ...

states, in his Introduction on page xi of the 2008 edition, that the Kubitzki system "has remained the standard to which other literature is compared". In ordinal and family arrangements, the classification system in the initial angiosperm volumes closely resembles the

Dahlgren system One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren in 1975 and revised in 1977, and 1980. However, he is best known for his two treatises on monocotyledons in 1982 and revised in 1 ...

in Monocots and the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) ...

in Dicots, but later volumes have been influenced by recent

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies Study or studies may refer to: General * Education **Higher education * Clinical trial * Experiment * Observational study * Research * Study skills, abilities and approaches applied to learning Other * Study (art), a drawing or series of drawin ...

. The first volume of the series (''Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms'') covered lycophytes, monilophytes, and

gymnosperms The gymnosperms ( lit. revealed seeds) are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, ''Ginkgo'', and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae. The term ''gymnosperm'' comes from the composite word in el, γυμνό� ...

, and was published in 1990. By 2010, there were nine published volumes, covering 39 of the 59 orders of flowering plants that are recognized in the APG III system. The order Saxifragales is covered except for the genus '' Medusandra'', which was transferred to it from Malpighiales in 2009.Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life." ''American Journal of Botany'' 96(8):1551-1570. Volume 10 (2011) covers the family

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All speci ...

and the orders Cucurbitales and Sapindales. Volume 11 was published in 2014, and two further volumes in 2015. Volumes 2, and 5–7 address dicotyledons, while volumes 3, 4 and 13 address monocotyledons. Volumes 8–12 and 14 deal with eudicots. Because it is the result of a work in progress, the Kubitzki system is incomplete for those groups of plants that have not yet been covered, and groups that have been completely covered are not revised in light of subsequent knowledge. Since the first volume was published in 1990, a great deal has been learned about

plant taxonomy Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy (the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living things). Plant taxonomy is closely alli ...

, mostly by phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences. The classification of ferns has been completely overhauled in that time.Eric Schuettpelz and Kathleen M. Pryer. 2008. "Fern phylogeny" pages 395-416. In: Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler (editors). ''Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes''. Cambridge University Press. Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2006. "A classification for extant ferns". ''Taxon'' 55(3):705-731. And some of the gymnosperm families have been revised.James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. ''Conifers of the World''. Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA. .Aljos Farjon. 2008. ''A Natural History of Conifers''. Timber Press: Portland, OR, USA. For the flowering plants, the later volumes of the Kubitzki System follows the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group last revised in 2009 ( APG III

system A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and expresse ...

), except for the recognition of

smaller Smaller were an English alternative rock, Britpop band from Liverpool, active during the 1990s. They had hits with "Wasted" and "Is" in 1996 and 1997. History The band was formed in the early 1990s by former Cook da Books guitarist/singer Pet ...

families. (For a complete listing of all volumes, see Klaus Kubitzki)

Classification

Summary

Divisions * '' Pteridophyta'' * '' Pinophyta'' ** subdivision Coniferophytina ** subdivision Cycadophytina * '' Magnoliophyta'' ** class Monocotyledoneae ** class Dicotyledoneae

Pteridophyta

* 1 division '' Pteridophyta'' *: 1 class Psilotatae *:: Psilotaceae *: 2 class Lycopodiatae *:: Isoetaceae *:: Lycopodiaceae *:: Selaginellaceae *: 3 class Equisetatae *:: Equisetaceae *: 4 class Filicatae *:: Aspleniaceae *::

Azollaceae ''Azolla'' (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern) is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns in the family Salviniaceae. They are extremely reduced in form and specialized, looking nothing like other typical ferns but more r ...

*:: Blechnaceae *::

Cheiropleuriaceae The Dipteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Gleicheniales of the class Polypodiopsida. They are commonly known as umbrella ferns and contain two genera, ''Cheiropleuria'' and ''Dipteris'', with a total of nine species confined to Asia ...

*:: Cyatheaceae *:: Davalliaceae *:: Dennstaedtiaceae *:: Dicksoniaceae *:: Dipteridaceae *:: Dryopteridaceae *:: Gleicheniaceae *::

Grammitidaceae Grammitidoideae is a subfamily of the fern family Polypodiaceae, whose members are informally known as grammitids. It comprises a clade of about 750 species. They are distributed over higher elevations in both the Old and New World. This group w ...

*::

Hymenophyllaceae The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp pl ...

*:: Hymenophyllopsidaceae *:: Lomariopsidaceae *:: Lophosoriaceae *:: Loxsomataceae *:: Marattiaceae *:: Marsileaceae *:: Matoniaceae *:: Metaxyaceae *:: Monachosoraceae *:: Nephrolepidaceae *:: Oleandraceae *::

Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossaceae, the adder's-tongue family, is a small family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only family in the order Ophioglossales, which together with the Psilotales is placed in the sub ...

*:: Osmundaceae *:: Plagiogyriaceae *:: Polypodiaceae *:: Pteridaceae *:: Salviniaceae *::

Schizaeaceae Schizaeaceae is a family of ferns in the order Schizaeales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it includes only two genera. Alternatively, two families kept separate in PPG I, Lygodiaceae and Anemiaceae, may be ...

*:: Thelypteridaceae *::

Vittariaceae Vittarioideae is a subfamily of the fern family Pteridaceae, in the order Polypodiales. The subfamily includes the previous families Adiantaceae (adiantoids or maidenhair ferns) and Vittariaceae (vittarioids or shoestring ferns). Description The ...

Pinophyta

* 2 division '' Pinophyta'' or '' Gymnospermae'' **1 subdivision '' Coniferophytina'' *:: 1 class Ginkgoatae *::: Ginkgoaceae *:: 2 class Pinatae *::: 1 order Pinales *:::: Araucariaceae *:::: Pinaceae *:::: Sciadopityaceae *:::: Taxodiaceae *:::: Cupressaceae *:::: Phyllocladaceae *:::: Podocarpaceae *::: 2 order Taxales *:::: Cephalotaxaceae *:::: Taxaceae **2 subdivision '' Cycadophytina'' *:: 1 class Cycadatae *::: order Cycadales *::::

Boweniaceae The genus ''Bowenia'' includes two living and two fossil species of cycads in the family Stangeriaceae, sometimes placed in their own family Boweniaceae. They are entirely restricted to Australia. The two living species occur in Queensland. ''B. ...

*:::: Cycadaceae *::::

Stangeriaceae Stangeriaceae is the smallest family of the cycads, including only two extant genera, '' Stangeria'' and ''Bowenia'', which both have an underground stem. Taxonomy Although the family was first published by Schimper and Schenk as Stangerieae, t ...

*:::: Zamiaceae *:: 2 class Gnetatae *::: order Gnetales *:::: Ephedraceae *::::

Welwitschiaceae Welwitschiaceae is a family of plants of the order Gnetales with one living species, '' Welwitschia mirabilis'', found in southwestern Africa. Three fossil genera have been recovered from the Crato Formation – late Aptian ( Lower Cretaceous) ...

*:::: Gnetaceae

Magnoliophyta

* 3 division '' Magnoliophyta'' or '' Angiospermae'' *: subdivision '' Magnoliophytina''

Monocotyledoneae

*::1 class '' Monocotyledoneae'' or Liliopsida omplete(with Rolf Dahlgren's collaboration) 4 Superorders # Acoranae # Alismatanae # Lilianae # Commelinanae

= Acoranae

= *:::1 superorder Acoranae *:::: Acoraceae *::: Not included in any order *:::: Nartheciaceae

= Alismatanae

= *:::2 superorder Alismatanae *::::1 order Arales *::::: Araceae *:::::

Lemnaceae Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. They float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands. Also known as bayroot, they arose fr ...

*::::2 order Alismatales *::::: Butomaceae *::::: Alismataceae *::::: Limnocharitaceae *::::: Hydrocharitaceae *::::: Najadaceae *::::: Aponogetonaceae *::::: Scheuchzeriaceae *::::: Juncaginaceae *:::::

Potamogetonaceae The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...

*::::: Ruppiaceae *::::: Posidoniaceae *::::: Zosteraceae *::::: Zannichelliaceae *::::: Cymodoceaceae

= Lilianae

= *:::3 superorder Lilianae *::::1 order

Liliales Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae. The APG III system (2009) place ...

*::::: Campynemataceae *:::::

Luzuriagaceae Luzuriagaceae is a family of flowering plants that was recognized in the 1998 APG system and the 2003 APG II system. The 2009 APG III system merged this small family into the Alstroemeriaceae in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots Monoco ...

*::::: Alstroemeriaceae *::::: Colchicaceae *::::: Melanthiaceae *::::: Trilliaceae *::::: Liliaceae *:::::

Calochortaceae The Calochortoideae are a subfamily of monocotyledon perennial, herbaceous and mainly bulbous flowering plants in the lily family, Liliaceae. Approximately the same group of species has been recognized as a separate family, Calochortaceae, in a f ...

*:::::

Petermanniaceae ''Petermannia'' is the sole genus of plants in the family Petermanniaceae. ''Petermannia cirrosa'', the only species in the genus, is endemic to the states of New South Wales and Queensland in Australia Australia, officially the Commo ...

*::::: Smilacaceae *::::: Philesiaceae *::::2 order Asparagales *::::: Orchidaceae *::::: Iridaceae *::::: Doryanthaceae *::::: Lanariaceae *::::: Ixioliriaceae *::::: Hypoxidaceae *:::::

Johnsoniaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the family Asphodelaceae '' sensu lato'' in the monocot order Asparagales according to the APG system of 2016. Earlier classification systems treated the group as a separat ...

*:::::

Hemerocallidaceae Hemerocallidoideae is the a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the Family (biology), family Asphodelaceae ''sensu lato'' in the monocot Order (biology), order Asparagales according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG system of APG IV syst ...

*:::::

Tecophilaeaceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 ...

*::::: Blandfordiaceae *::::: Asteliaceae *::::: Boryaceae *::::: Asphodelaceae *::::: Xanthorrhoeaceae *::::: Aphyllanthaceae *::::: Anemarrhenaceae *::::: Amaryllidaceae *::::: Agapanthaceae *::::: Alliaceae *::::: Themidaceae *::::: Asparagaceae *::::: Hyacinthaceae *:::::

Lomandraceae Lomandroideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales, according to the APG III system of 2009. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Lomandra''. The group ...

*:::::

Herreriaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agaves ...

*::::: Hostaceae *:::::

Anthericaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of Monocotyledon, monocot flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Asparagaceae, Order (biology), order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-kn ...

*::::: Agavaceae *:::::

Eriospermaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Nolina''. The subfami ...

*:::::

Ruscaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l. The family name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, ''Nolina''. The subfa ...

*:::::

Behniaceae Agavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry-zone types, such as the agave ...

*::::: Dracaenaceae *::::: Convallariaceae *:::::

Nolinaceae Nolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family (biology), family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It used to be treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae sensu lato, s.l. The family name is derived from the Binomial nomenclature, gener ...

*::::3 order Triuridales *::::: Triuridaceae *::::4 order Dioscoreales *::::: Dioscoreaceae *:::::

Trichopodaceae Dioscoreaceae () is a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genus, genera. The best-known member of the family is the yam (vegetable), yam (some species of ''Dioscorea''). The APG sys ...

*::::: Taccaceae *::::: Burmanniaceae *::::: Corsiaceae *::::5 order

Pandanales Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots wh ...

*:::::

Pandanaceae Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important, wi ...

*::::: Cyclanthaceae *:::::

Velloziaceae Velloziaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Pandanales. Relationships and evolution By contrast to o ...

*:::::

Acanthochlamydaceae ''Acanthochlamys'' is a genus of herbaceous plants described as a genus in 1980. It has long been included in the Amaryllidaceae, but more recent systems place it in the Velloziaceae. Kao in 1989 placed in its own family, the Acanthochlamydacea ...

*:::::

Stemonaceae The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. ...

*::::: Pentastemonaceae

= Commelinanae

= *:::4 superorder Commelinanae *::::1 order Principes *::::: Palmae *::::2 order

Dasypogonales Dasypogonaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants, one that has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists; the plants it contains were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae. If valid, Dasypogonaceae includes four genera ...

*::::: Dasypogonaceae *::::3 order Bromeliales *::::: Bromeliaceae *::::: ? Rapateaceae (see also Xyridales) *::::4 order Commelinales *::::: Commelinaceae *::::: Pontederiaceae *:::::

Philydraceae Philydraceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera and a total of six known species. Such a family has not been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), does recogni ...

*::::: Haemodoraceae *::::5 order Xyridales *::::: Mayacaceae *::::: Xyridaceae *::::: Eriocaulaceae *::::: ? Rapateaceae *::::6 order Zingiberales *:::::

Musaceae Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves ...

*:::::

Strelitziaceae The Strelitziaceae comprise a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (banana family). The three genera with seven sp ...

*::::: Lowiaceae *::::: Heliconiaceae *::::: Costaceae *::::: Zingiberaceae *::::: Cannaceae *::::: Marantaceae *::::: ? Hanguanaceae (possibly related to Zingiberales or Commelinales) *::::7 order Typhales *::::: Typhaceae *::::8 order

Juncales Juncales is an order of flowering plants. In the Engler system (update, of 1964) and in the Cronquist system (of 1981, which placed this order in subclass Commelinidae) it is circumscribed as: * order Juncales *: family Juncaceae *: family Thur ...

*::::: Juncaceae *::::: Thurniaceae *:::::

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus '' Carex'' ...

*::::9 order Poales *::::: Flagellariaceae *::::: Restionaceae *::::: Ecdeiocoleaceae *::::: Anarthriaceae *::::: Centrolepidaceae *::::: Joinvilleaceae *:::::

Poaceae Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns ...

*:::: '' incertae sedis'' in monocots *::::: Hydatellaceae

Dicotyledoneae

*::2 class '' Dicotyledoneae'' or Magnoliopsida ncomplete*:::1 subclass Magnoliidae *::::1 superorder Magnolianae (lower magnoliids) *::::::1 order Magnoliales *::::::: Himantandraceae *::::::: Eupomatiaceae *::::::: Austrobaileyaceae *::::::: Degeneriaceae *::::::: Magnoliaceae *::::::: Annonaceae *::::::: Myristicaceae *::::::: ? Canellaceae *::::::: ? Lactoridaceae *::::::: Amborellaceae *::::::: Trimeniaceae *::::::: Chloranthaceae *::::::: Monimiaceae *::::::: Gomortegaceae *:::::::

Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...

*::::::: Hernandiaceae *::::::: Calycanthaceae *::::::2 order

Illiciales Illiciales is an order of flowering plants that is not recognized by the current most widely used system of plant classification, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III system. The order was comprised differently in various systems of plant ...

*::::::: Winteraceae *::::::: ? Canellaceae *::::::: Illiciaceae *::::::: Schisandraceae *::::::3 order

Aristolochiales Aristolochiales is an order of flowering plants. It is not recognised in the APG or APG II systems, in which it is considered a synonym of Piperales. It also is not recognized in the Thorne system. In the Cronquist, Dahlgren, Goldberg and R ...

*::::::: Aristolochiaceae *::::::: Hydnoraceae *::::::: ?

Rafflesiaceae The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including '' Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are ...

*::::::4 order Piperales *::::::: Saururaceae *::::::: Piperaceae *::::2 superorder

Ranunculanae Ranunculales is an order (biology), order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is Basionym, based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs t ...

(higher magnoliids) *::::::1 order Nelumbonales *::::::: Nelumbonaceae *::::::2 order Ranunculales *::::::: Lardizabalaceae *::::::: Berberidaceae *::::::: Menispermaceae *::::::: Ranunculaceae *::::::: ?

Circaeasteraceae Circaeasteraceae is a family of two species of herbaceous plants native to China and the Himalayas. The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), recognizes it and plac ...

*:::::::

Pteridophyllaceae ''Pteridophyllum'' is a genus of flowering plant endemic to Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by ...

*::::::: Papaveraceae *:::::::

Fumariaceae Fumarioideae is a subfamily of the family Papaveraceae (the poppy family). It was formerly treated as a separate family, the Fumariaceae (the fumitory, fumewort or bleeding-heart family). It consists of about 575 species of herbaceous plants in ...

*::::3 superorder Nymphaeanae *:::::: order Nymphaeales *::::::: Cabombaceae *:::::::

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains nine genera with about 70 known species. Water li ...

*::::::: ? Ceratophyllaceae *::::4 superorder

Caryophyllanae Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalain ...

*:::::: order Caryophyllales (including.: Centrospermae

Eichler Several people are named Eichler: * August W. Eichler (1839–1887), German botanist * Caroline Eichler (1808/9–1843), German inventor, first woman to be awarded a patent (for her leg prosthesis) * Eunice Eichler (1932–2017), New Zealand Salva ...

) *::::::: Family with an asterisk: *, included in Expanded Caryophyllales in Volume V. *::::::: Family with the sign +, only recognized in Volume V, but not in Volume II. *:::::::

Nepenthaceae ''Nepenthes'' () is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, or monkey cups, in the monotypic family Nepenthaceae. The genus includes about 170 species, and numerous natural and many cultivated hybrids. They are mos ...

* *::::::: Droseraceae * *::::::: Drosophyllaceae * *::::::: Simmondsiaceae * *::::::: Rhabdodendraceae * *::::::: Asteropeiaceae * *::::::: Physenaceae * *::::::: Ancistrocladaceae * *::::::: Dioncophyllaceae * *::::::: Frankeniaceae * *::::::: Tamaricaceae * *:::::: clade Centrospermae *::::::: Caryophyllaceae *::::::: Molluginaceae *::::::: Aizoaceae *:::::::

Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...

*::::::: Chenopodiaceae *:::::::

Halophytaceae ''Halophytum ameghinoi'' is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is the only species in the genus ''Halophytum''. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solitar ...

*::::::: Stegnospermaceae *::::::: Achatocarpaceae *::::::: Phytolaccaceae *::::::: Nyctaginaceae *::::::: Cactaceae *::::::: Portulacaceae *::::::: Didiereaceae *::::::: Basellaceae *::::::: Hectorellaceae *::::::: Barbeuiaceae + *::::::: Sarcobataceae + *::::::: Petiveriaceae + *::::::: Agdestidaceae + *::::5 superorder Hamamelidanae *::::::1 order Trochodendrales *::::::: Trochodendraceae *:::::::

Eupteleaceae ''Euptelea'' is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the monogeneric family Eupteleaceae. The genus is found from Assam east through China to Japan, and consists of shrubs or small trees: *''Euptelea pleiosperma'' *''Euptelea polyandra' ...

*:::::::

Cercidiphyllaceae ''Cercidiphyllum'' is a genus containing two species of plants, both commonly called katsura. They are the sole members of the monotypic family Cercidiphyllaceae. The genus is native to Japan and China and unrelated to ''Cercis'' (redbuds). Desc ...

*::::::: ? Myrothamnaceae *::::::2 order Hamamelidales *::::::: Platanaceae *::::::: Hamamelidaceae *::::::3 order Fagales *::::::: Fagaceae *::::::: Betulaceae *::::::: Ticodendraceae *::::::4 order

Juglandales Juglandales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae a ...

*:::::::

Rhoipteleaceae ''Rhoiptelea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae. It contains a single species, ''Rhoiptelea chiliantha'', commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleac ...

*::::::: Juglandaceae *::::::: Myricaceae *::::::5 order ? Casuarinales *::::::: Casuarinaceae *::::6 superorder Polygonanae *:::::: order Polygonales *::::::: Polygonaceae *::::7 superorder Plumbaginanae *:::::: order Plumbaginales *::::::: Plumbaginaceae *::::8 superorder

Malvanae The Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within 9 families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots. The plants are mostly shrubs and ...

*:::::: order Malvales *:::::::

Neuradaceae The Neuradaceae are a family of flowering plant, comprising three genera — ''Grielum'', '' Neurada'' and '' Neuradopsis'' — totalling ten known species. These genera were formerly placed in order Rosales, and in one case even in family Rosa ...

*::::::: Tepuianthaceae *::::::: Thymelaeaceae *::::::: Dipterocarpaceae *:::::::

Diegodendraceae ''Diegodendron'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Bixaceae. The only known species is ''Diegodendron humbertii''. Its native range is Madagascar. The genus and species were circumscribed by René Paul Raymond Ca ...

*:::::::

Sphaerosepalaceae The Sphaerosepalaceae are a family of flowering plants including 14 species of trees and shrubs in two genera, ''Dialyceras'' and ''Rhopalocarpus ''Rhopalocarpus'' is a genus of plants in the family Sphaerosepalaceae. Most species are tree ...

*::::::: Cistaceae *:::::::

Sarcolaenaceae The Sarcolaenaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. The family includes 79 species of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs in ten genera. Recent DNA studies indicate that the Sarcolaenaceae are a sibling taxon to the family ...

*::::::: Bixaceae *::::::: Cochlospermaceae *:::::::

Muntingiaceae The Muntingiaceae are a family of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid order Malvales. The family consists of three genera: ''Dicraspidia'', ''Muntingia'', and ''Neotessmannia'', each with a single species. They are woody plants of the tropi ...

*::::::: Malvaceae ---- In volumes 5,6,7,8 no groups above the taxonomic rank of order were recognized. *:::::: order Capparales *:::::::

Bataceae ''Batis'' (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate ...

*::::::: Salvadoraceae *::::::: Tropaeolaceae *::::::: Limnanthaceae *::::::: Caricaceae *::::::: Moringaceae *::::::: Setchellanthaceae *::::::: Akaniaceae *::::::: Gyrostemonaceae *::::::: Resedaceae *::::::: Pentadiplandraceae *::::::: Tovariaceae *:::::::

Koeberliniaceae ''Koeberlinia'' is a genus of flowering plant. It is the sole genus in the family ''Koeberliniaceae''. Alternately it is treated as a member of the Capparaceae. Species ''Koeberlinia'' includes two species: *''Koeberlinia holacantha'' W.C. Hol ...

*::::::: Cruciferae or Brassicaceae *::::::: Capparaceae *::::::: Emblingiaceae *::: Not placed in any order, but related to Capparales *::::::: Tapisciaceae *:::::: order Celastrales *::::::: Parnassiaceae *:::::::

Lepidobotryaceae Lepidobotryaceae is a family of plants in the order Celastrales."Lepidobotryaceae" In: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below). It contains only two specie ...

*::::::: Celastraceae *:::::: order Oxalidales *:::::::

Oxalidaceae The Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of five genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 570 species in the genus ''Oxalis'' (wood sorrels). Members of this family typically have divid ...

*::::::: Connaraceae *::::::: Cephalotaceae *:::::::

Brunelliaceae ''Brunellia'' is a genus of trees. They are distributed in the mountainous regions of southern Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America. ''Brunellia'' is the only genus in the family Brunelliaceae. As of 2001 there were about ...

*::::::: Cunoniaceae *::::::: Elaeocarpaceae *:::::: order Rosales (# revised position, formerly in Urticales in Vol. 2) *:::::::

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are ''Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorbus ...

(including

Guamatela ''Guamatela'' is a genus of flowering plants in the order (biology), order Crossosomatales. ''Guamatela'' is the only genus in the family Guamatelaceae. The genus comprises a single species, the type species, ''Guamatela tuerckheimii'' John Donn ...

) *::::::: Dirachmaceae *:::::::

Rhamnaceae The Rhamnaceae are a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales. The family contains about 55 genera and 950 species. The Rhamnaceae h ...

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Barbeyaceae ''Barbeya'' is the only genus in the family Barbeyaceae, and has only one species, ''Barbeya oleoides''. It is a small tree native to the mountains of Somalia, Ethiopia, and the Arabian Peninsula. It can be found locally abundant in the transitio ...

# *::::::: Elaeagnaceae *::::::: Ulmaceae # *::::::: Moraceae # *::::::: Cecropiaceae (including Cannabaceae) # *::::::: Urticaceae # *:::::: order Cornales *::::::: Hydrostachyaceae *::::::: Curtisiaceae *::::::: Grubbiaceae *::::::: Cornaceae *::::::: Hydrangeaceae *::::::: Loasaceae *:::::: order Ericales *::::::: Theophrastaceae *::::::: Samolaceae *:::::::

Maesaceae ''Maesa'' is a genus of flowering plants. It is placed in the family Primulaceae, subfamily Maesoideae, for which it is the sole genus (monotypic).

*::::::: Myrsinaceae *::::::: Primulaceae *::::::: Actinidiaceae *::::::: Balsaminaceae *::::::: Marcgraviaceae *::::::: Pellicieraceae *::::::: Tetrameristaceae *::::::: Ericaceae *::::::: Clethraceae *::::::: Cyrillaceae *:::::::

Roridulaceae ''Roridula'' (; from Latin ''roridus'' "dewy") is a genus of evergreen, insect-trapping shrubs, with two species, of about 1⅓–2 m (4–6⅔ ft). It is the only genus in the family Roridulaceae. It has thin, woody, shyly branching, upright, in ...

*::::::: Sarraceniaceae *::::::: Diapensiaceae *::::::: Lissocarpaceae *::::::: Polemoniaceae *:::::::

Fouquieriaceae ''Fouquieria'' is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the Family (biology), family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo (''Fouquieria splendens, F. splendens'') and the Boojum tree or cirio (''Fouquieria columnar ...

*::::::: Scytopetalaceae *::::::: Lecythidaceae *::::::: Napoleonaeaceae *:::::::

Styracaceae The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The family is c ...

*::::::: Ebenaceae *:::::::

Sladeniaceae Sladeniaceae is a family of flowering plants containing tree species found in subtropical to tropical environments in East Africa ('' Ficalhoa''), Burma, Yunnan, and Thailand ('' Sladenia''). The family consists of trees with alternate, sim ...

*::::::: Theaceae *:::::::

Ternstroemiaceae The Pentaphylacaceae are a small family of plants within the order Ericales. In the APG III system of 2009, it includes the former family Ternstroemiaceae. Genera In 2014, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website included 14 genera in the family: Plan ...

*::::::: Sapotaceae *::::::: Symplocaceae *:::::: order Lamiales *::::::: Bignoniaceae *::::::: Buddlejaceae *::::::: Byblidaceae *::::::: Callitrichaceae *::::::: Carlemanniaceae *::::::: Cyclocheilaceae *::::::: Gesneriaceae *:::::::

Globulariaceae ''Globularia'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, native to central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. They are dense low evergreen mat-forming perennials or subs ...

*::::::: Hippuridaceae *:::::::

Labiatae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, s ...

*::::::: Lentibulariaceae *::::::: Martyniaceae *:::::::

Myoporaceae Myoporaceae was a family of plants, found mostly in Australia, which included the following genera: * '' Diocirea'' * '' Eremophila'', also known as emu bush * ''Myoporum'', also known as Boobiala In the APG II system (continued in the APG III ...

*::::::: Nesogenaceae *::::::: Oleaceae *::::::: Pedaliaceae *::::::: Phrymaceae *::::::: Plantaginaceae *:::::::

Plocospermataceae ''Plocosperma'' is the sole genus in the Plocospermataceae,Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards)Plocospermataceae ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'', retrieved 2013-08-15 a family of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fru ...

*::::::: Scrophulariaceae *::::::: Stilbaceae *::::::: Tetrachondraceae *::::::: Trapellaceae *::::::: Verbenaceae *:::::: order Asterales *::::::: Alseuosmiaceae *::::::: Argophyllaceae *::::::: Compositae or

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae ...

*:::::::: subfamily Barnadesioideae *:::::::: subfamily Mutisioideae *:::::::: subfamily Carduoideae *:::::::: subfamily Cichorioideae *:::::::: subfamily Asteroideae *::::::: Calyceraceae *::::::: Campanulaceae *::::::: Carpodetaceae *::::::: Goodeniaceae *::::::: Menyanthaceae *::::::: Pentaphragmataceae *::::::: Phellinaceae *::::::: Rousseaceae *::::::: Stylidiaceae In volume 9 the supraordinal groups Rosidae and Asteridae were recognized. *::: Not included in any order *:::: Sabiaceae *:::::: order

Proteales Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists. The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...

*:::::::

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order ...

*::::::: Platanaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2) *::::::: Nelumbonales (revised position, formerly in Nelumbonales in Vol. 2) *:::::: order Buxales *::::::: Buxaceae *::::::: Didymelaceae *:::::: order Gunnerales *::::::: Gunneraceae *::::::: Myrothamnaceae (revised position, formerly in Trochodendrales in Vol. 2) *::: Not included in any order *:::: Dilleniaceae *:::::: order Saxifragales *:::::::

Altingiaceae Altingiaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below) consisting of ...

(newly recognized family, included in Hamamelidaceae in Vol. 2) *::::::: Aphanopetalaceae *:::::::

(revised position, formerly in Trochodendrales in Vol. 2) *::::::: Crassulaceae *::::::: Daphniphyllaceae *::::::: Grossulariaceae *::::::: Haloragaceae *::::::: Hamamelidaceae (revised position, formerly in Hamamelidales in Vol. 2) *::::::: Iteaceae *::::::: Paeoniaceae *::::::: Penthoraceae *::::::: Peridiscaceae (except ''Medusandra'') *::::::: Pterostemonaceae *::::::: Saxifragaceae *::::::: Tetracarpaeaceae *:::::: order Vitales *::::::: Leeaceae *::::::: Vitaceae *:::::: order Zygophyllales *::::::: Krameriaceae *::::::: Zygophyllaceae *::: Not included in any order *:::: Huaceae *:::::: order Geraniales *::::::: Geraniaceae *::::::: Ledocarpaceae *::::::: Melianthaceae *:::::: order

Crossosomatales The Crossosomatales are an order, first recognized as such by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG II. They are flowering plants included within the Rosids, Rosid eudicots. Description Species assigned to the Crossosomatales have in common flowers ...

(

placed in

in volume 6) *::::::: Aphloiaceae *::::::: Crossosomataceae *::::::: Geissolomataceae *:::::::

Ixerbaceae ''Ixerba brexioides'', the sole species in the genus ''Ixerba'', is a bushy tree with thick, narrow, serrated, dark green leaves and panicles of white flowers with a green heart. The fruit is a green capsule that splits open to reveal the black s ...

*:::::::

Stachyuraceae ''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before t ...

*::::::: Staphyleaceae *::::::: Strasburgeraceae *::: Not included in any order *:::: Picramniaceae *:::::: order Berberidopsidales *:::::::

Aextoxicaceae ''Aextoxicon punctatum'', the sole species of genus ''Aextoxicon'' and family Aextoxicaceae, is a dioecious tree native to southern Chile and Argentina. Commonly known as the ''olivillo'' or ''aceitunillo'', it is a large evergreen tree native to ...

*:::::::

Berberidopsidaceae Berberidopsidaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family has only recently been recognized by more than a few taxonomists: the plants involved have often been treated as belonging to family Flacourtiaceae. The APG II system, of 2003 (un ...

In volume 10 are treated the Orders Sapindales and Cucurbitales; and the Myrtaceae Family (belonging to Myrtales). *:::::: order Sapindales *::::::: Biebersteiniaceae *::::::: Nitrariaceae *::::::: Tetradiclidaceae *:::::::

Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The Sapindaceae occur in tempera ...

*::::::: Kirkiaceae *:::::::

Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...

*::::::: Burseraceae *::::::: Rutaceae *::::::: Simaroubaceae *::::::: Meliaceae *:::::: order Cucurbitales *::::::: Anisophylleaceae *::::::: Coriariaceae *:::::::

Corynocarpaceae ''Corynocarpus'' is the only genus of plants in the family Corynocarpaceae and includes five species. It is native to New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu. Species # '' Corynocarpus cribbianus'' (F. M. Bailey) L. S. S ...

*::::::: Cucurbitaceae *::::::: Datiscaceae *::::::: Begoniaceae *:::::: order

Myrtales The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014. The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eur ...

*:::::::

References

External links

Fern Classification
At
Publications and Data Sets
At
Kathleen Pryer's Lab
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kubitzki System system, Kubitzki

Classification

Summary

Pteridophyta

Pinophyta

Magnoliophyta

Monocotyledoneae

= Acoranae

= Alismatanae

= Lilianae

= Commelinanae

Dicotyledoneae

See also

References

External links