Krylovo is a

rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically describ ...

(a settlement) in Pravdinsk Urban Okrug,

Pravdinsky District Pravdinsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast, fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrati ...

Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Oblast () is the westernmost federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of the Russian Federation. It is a Enclave and exclave, semi-exclave on the Baltic Sea within the Baltic region of Prussia (region), Prussia, surrounded by Pola ...

, Russia, on the border with Poland. Population: 2,291 (1905).

History

AGAD Stany pruskie oddaja swe ziemie krolowi polskiemu Kazimierzowi Jagiellonczykowi i koronie polskiej

The first written mention of what is now Krylovo was placed in the ''Chronica nova Prutenica'' ("New Prussian Chronicle") by

Wigand of Marburg Wigand of Marburg ()Note that ''von Marburg'' is a purely descriptive title added to his original name of Wigand by later historians, rather than a proper surname. Also the ''von'' should not be confused with a preposition used in later times to d ...

(completed around 1394) in connection with the raid of pagan

Lithuanians Lithuanians () are a Balts, Baltic ethnic group. They are native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,378,118 people. Another two million make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the Lithuanian Americans, United Sta ...

, which took place in 1366. In the 15th-century, a small castle of the

Teutonic Order The Teutonic Order is a religious order (Catholic), Catholic religious institution founded as a military order (religious society), military society in Acre, Israel, Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Order of Brothers of the German House of Sa ...

was built; later the colonists were settled here. The foundation of the town of Nordenburg is usually regarded as 1405. On 24 July 1407, the community received

Kulm law Kulm law, Culm law or Chełmno Law (; ; ) was a legal constitution for a municipal form of government used in several Central European cities in the Middle Ages and early modern period. It was initiated on 28 December 1233 in the Monastic State o ...

privileges from the

Grand Master of the Teutonic Order The grand master of the Teutonic Order (; ) is the supreme head of the Teutonic Order. It is equivalent to the Grand master (order), grand master of other Military order (religious society), military orders and the superior general in non-milit ...

Ulrich von Jungingen Ulrich von Jungingen (1360 – 15 July 1410) was the 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1407 to 1410. His policy of confrontation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland would spark the Polish–Lithuan ...

. In the 1400s, a Dominican monastery was founded, administratively belonging to the Polish Province of the order, which by 1428 was relocated to

Gerdauen Zheleznodorozhny (, lit. ''railway (town)''; until 1946 ; ; ) is an types of inhabited localities in Russia, urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pravdinsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located 69 km (43 miles) south ...

. In 1454, the town was incorporated to the

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

by King

Casimir IV Jagiellon Casimir IV (Casimir Andrew Jagiellon; ; Lithuanian: ; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447 until his death in 1492. He was one of the most active Polish-Lithuanian rulers; under ...

upon the request of the anti-Teutonic

Prussian Confederation The Prussian Confederation (, ) was an organization formed on 21 February 1440 at Marienwerder (present-day Kwidzyn) by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia, to oppose the arbitrariness of the Teutonic Knights. It was based o ...

. Following the peace treaty of 1466, it was a part of Poland as a

fief A fief (; ) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of feudal alle ...

held by the Teutonic Knights. From the 18th century, it was part of the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a signif ...

, and from 1871 also Germany. In the 18th century, there were Polish, Lithuanian and German preachers in the town, however, as a result of Germanisation policies, in the late 19th century church services were held only in German. In 1880, the town had a population of 2,515, mostly employed in agriculture. The town was occupied by Russia during the

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prus ...

in 1757 and during

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

in 1914.

After Germany's defeat in the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, Nordenbork, as it was historically called in Polish, initially passed to Poland, within which it was located in the Gierdawy County. It became its county seat after the unilateral annexation of the former county seat of Gierdawy by the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. A local Polish settlement inspectorate was established. After another unilateral redrawing of the border by the Soviets, Nordenbork was also annexed from Poland, so the seat of the Gierdawy County was moved to

Skandawa Skandawa is a village in northern Poland, in the administrative district of Gmina Barciany, Kętrzyn County, and the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It lies north-west of Barciany, north-north-west of Kętrzyn, and north-east of the regional ...

, and eventually the county was disbanded. Nordenbork became part of the Gerdauensky District. On 5 July 1950, Nordenburg was renamed Krylovo. Since December 1962, the village has become part of the Pravdinsky District.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of municipal divisions, since 5 May 2015, the territories of the town of district significance of Pravdinsk, including Krylovo, the

urban-type settlement of district significance Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the Soviet Union and later also f ...

of Zheleznodorozhny, and of two rural okrugs of Pravdinsky District are incorporated as Pravdinsky Urban Okrug.Law #418 Before that, the town of district significance was incorporated within Pravdinsky Municipal District as Pravdinskoye Urban Settlement.

Transport

Regional road 27A-028 (ex A 196) coming from

Kaliningrad Kaliningrad,. known as Königsberg; ; . until 1946, is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, an Enclave and exclave, exclave of Russia between Lithuania and Poland ( west of the bulk of Russia), located on the Prego ...

and regional road 27A-042 (ex A 197) coming from

Bolshakovo Bolshakovo (, , or ' (1938-1946)), also referred to as Bolshakovo-Novoye (), is a settlement located in the southern part of Slavsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, 90 km from Kaliningrad. The adjective "Novoye" (new) is sometimes us ...

via

Chernyakhovsk Chernyakhovsk (; German: Insterburg) is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, and the administrative center of Chernyakhovsky District. Located at the confluence of the Instruch and Angrapa rivers, which unite to become the Pregolya river bel ...

meet in Krylovo and end at the border with Poland. Before 1945, Nordenburg was a railway station on the Königsberg (

)–Löwenhagen (Komsomolsk)–Gerdauen (Zheleznodorozhny)–Angerburg (

Węgorzewo Węgorzewo (until 1946 ; ) is a tourist town on the Angrapa River in northeastern Poland, within the historical region of Masuria. It is the seat of Węgorzewo County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and is located not far from the border ...

) railway. In addition, two small railway lines ended in Nordenburg: the line (Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk)–) Warnaschel–Nordenburg of the Insterburg small railways and the line (Rastenburg (

Kętrzyn Kętrzyn (, until 1946 ''Rastembork''; ) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,478 inhabitants (2019). It is the capital of Kętrzyn County in the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship. The town is known for the surrounding Masurian Lakeland and num ...

)–) Barten ( Barciany)–Nordenburg of the Rastenburg small railways. Rail transport no longer exists in Krylovo. The water tower at the train station was renovated in 2020.

Notes

References

{{Authority control Rural localities in Kaliningrad Oblast Pravdinsky District