Krum's dynasty () was the royal and later imperial family founded by the Khan of Bulgaria

Krum Krum (, ), often referred to as Krum the Fearsome () was the Khan of Bulgaria from sometime between 796 and 803 until his death in 814. During his reign the Bulgarian territory doubled in size, spreading from the middle Danube to the Dnieper a ...

(r. 803–814), producing the monarchs of

First Bulgarian Empire The First Bulgarian Empire (; was a medieval state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 680–681 after part of the Bulgars, led by Asparuh of Bulgaria, Asparuh, moved south to the northe ...

between 803 and 991. During this period Bulgaria adopted Christianity, reached its greatest territorial extent and triggered a golden age of culture and literature. Under the patronage of these monarchs Bulgaria became the birthplace of the

Cyrillic alphabet The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Easte ...

; Old Bulgarian became the ''lingua franca'' of much of

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountain ...

and it came to be known as

Old Church Slavonic Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic ( ) is the first Slavic languages, Slavic literary language and the oldest extant written Slavonic language attested in literary sources. It belongs to the South Slavic languages, South Slavic subgroup of the ...

. As a result of the victory in the

Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927 The ByzantineBulgarian war of 913927 () was fought between the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire for more than a decade. Although the war was provoked by the Byzantine emperor Alexander's decision to discontinue paying an annual tribu ...

the Byzantine Empire recognized the imperial title of the Bulgarian rulers and the

Bulgarian Orthodox Church The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (), legally the Patriarchate of Bulgaria (), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox jurisdiction based in Bulgaria. It is the first medieval recognised patriarchate outside the Pentarchy and t ...

as an independent

Patriarchate Patriarchate (, ; , ''patriarcheîon'') is an ecclesiological term in Christianity, referring to the office and jurisdiction of a patriarch. According to Christian tradition, three patriarchates—Rome, Antioch, and Alexandria—were establi ...

. The last representative of the dynasty, Tsar

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

(r. 977–991), was succeeded by Tsar

Samuel Samuel is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the biblical judges to the United Kingdom of Israel under Saul, and again in the monarchy's transition from Saul to David. He is venera ...

(r. 997–1014) of the

Cometopuli dynasty The Kometopuli dynasty ( Bulgarian: , ; Byzantine Greek: , ) was the last royal dynasty in the First Bulgarian Empire, ruling from until the fall of Bulgaria under Byzantine rule in 1018. The most notable member of the dynasty, Tsar Samuel, i ...

, upon the former's death in Byzantine captivity in 997, after spending six years in prison. Samuel had made the last member of Krum's dynasty a nominal head of state in 977, in order to avoid conflict.

History

Krum was originally a Bulgar chieftain in

Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Roman Italy, Italy, and on the southward by Dalmatia (Roman province), Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It ...

. His background and the events around his accession as Khan of Bulgaria are unknown. It has been speculated that he was a descendant of Khan

Kubrat Kubrat (; ) was the ruler of the Onogur–Bulgars, credited with establishing the confederation of Old Great Bulgaria in 632. His name derived from the Turkic words ''qobrat'' — "to gather", or ''qurt'', i.e. "wolf". Origin In the '' Nomi ...

(c. 632–665) and that his rule marked the return of the

Dulo clan The Dulo clan was a ruling dynasty of the Bulgars, who were of Turkic origin. It is generally considered that their elite was related to the Huns and the Western Turkic Khaganate. Particularly, it is said that the Dulo descended from the ruler ...

, the first dynasty of Bulgaria.

Members

Monarchs

, khan (r. 803–814) *

Omurtag Omurtag (or Omortag) (died 831) also known as Murtag or Murtagon (; Веселин Бешевлиев, Първобългарски надписи. 2ed. София 1992. Chapter: VI. Възспоменателни надписи, Inscriptio) was a ...

, khan (r. 814–831) * Malamir, khan (r. 831–836) *

Presian I Presian, sometimes enumerated as Presian I () was the khan of Bulgaria in 836–852. He ruled during an extensive expansion in Macedonia. Origin The composite picture of the Byzantine sources indicates that Presian was the son of Zvinitsa (''Zbē ...

, khan (r. 836–852) *

Boris I Boris I (also ''Bogoris''), venerated as Saint Boris I (Mihail) the Baptizer (, ; died 2 May 907), was the ruler (knyaz) of the First Bulgarian Empire from 852 to 889. Despite a number of military setbacks, the reign of Boris I was marked wit ...

, khan, knyaz (r. 852–889) * Vladimir-Rasate, knyaz (r. 889–893) * Simeon I, knyaz, tsar (r. 893–927) * Peter I, tsar (r. 927–969) * Boris II, tsar (r. 969–971) *

, tsar (r. 977–991)

Family tree

***

Enravota Saint Enravota () or Voin (Воин, "warrior") or Boyan (given name), Boyan (Боян) was the eldest son of Omurtag of Bulgaria and the first Bulgarian Christianity, Christian martyr, as well as the earliest Bulgarian saint to be canonized. Born ...

***

Zvinitsa Zvinitsa (, ''Zviniča''; called Zbēnitzēs in the Greek sources) was a Bulgarian nobleman who lived in the 9th century. Son of Bulgarian ruler Omurtag and father of Presian I. Life Zvinitsa was a son of the Khan Omurtag and an unknown wom ...

****

*****

******

Vladimir Vladimir (, , pre-1918 orthography: ) is a masculine given name of Slavic origin, widespread throughout all Slavic nations in different forms and spellings. The earliest record of a person with the name is Vladimir of Bulgaria (). Etymology ...

******Gavrail ****** Simeon I *******

Michael Michael may refer to: People * Michael (given name), a given name * he He ..., a given name * Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael Given name * Michael (bishop elect)">Michael (surname)">he He ..., a given nam ...

******* Peter I ******** Boris II ********

********

Plenimir Plenimir is a village in General Toshevo Municipality, Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans direc ...

*******Ivan *******Benjamin ******Evpraksiya ******

Anna Anna may refer to: People Surname and given name * Anna (name) Mononym * Anna the Prophetess, in the Gospel of Luke * Anna of East Anglia, King (died c.654) * Anna (wife of Artabasdos) (fl. 715–773) * Anna (daughter of Boris I) (9th–10th c ...

*** Malamir

References

Sources

* {{Bulgarian monarchs