The Kristiania Bohemians ( no, Kristiania-bohemen) were a political and cultural movement in the 1880s centered in

Kristiania Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of i ...

(now Oslo).

Hans Jæger Hans Henrik Jæger (2 September 1854, Drammen, Norway – 8 February 1910, Oslo) was a Norwegian writer, philosopher and anarchist political activist who was part of the Oslo (then Kristiania)-based bohemian group known as the Kristiania Boh ...

was the central figure in the movement, and other prominent members included

Christian Krohg Christian Krohg (13 August 1852 – 16 October 1925) was a Norwegian naturalist painter, illustrator, author and journalist. Krohg was inspired by the realism art movement and often chose motifs from everyday life. He was the director and ...

Oda Krohg Oda Krohg (born Othilia Pauline Christine Lasson; 11 June 1860 – 19 October 1935) was a Norwegian painter, and the wife of her teacher and colleague Christian Krohg. Biography She was the second daughter of public attorney Christian ...

Jon Flatabø Jon Flatabø (April 7, 1846 – February 10, 1930) was a Norwegian writer of popular literature at the beginning of the 20th century. Flatabø was born in Vikør (now Kvam) in the Hardanger district, and was educated as a teacher. Later he worke ...

, Haakon Nyhuus, and Nils Johan Schjander. The Kristiania Bohemians were naturalist artists and belonged to the period of Naturalism, but the clear emphasis that they placed on feelings also points towards the next literary period, Neo-Romanticism. The movement consisted of about twenty men and a few women, and others loosely associated with the movement, such as

Arne Garborg Arne Garborg (born Aadne Eivindsson Garborg) (25 January 1851 – 14 January 1924) was a Norwegian writer. Garborg championed the use of Landsmål (now known as Nynorsk, or New Norwegian), as a literary language; he translated the Odyssey into i ...

. The Kristiania Bohemians are also known for their Nine Bohemian Commandments, which had its origins in an article published in ''Impressionisten'' no. 8 in February 1889 and is often attributed to Hans Jæger. However, in the biographical novel ''Jæger – en rekonstruksjon'' (Jæger: A Reconstruction),

Ketil Bjørnstad Ketil Bjørnstad (born 25 April 1952) is a pianist, composer and author. Initially trained as a classical pianist, Bjørnstad discovered jazz at an early age and has embraced the emergence of "European jazz". Store Norske Leksikon (in Norwegian) ...

writes that the journal's publisher, Johan Collett Michelsen, wrote the piece together with Oda and Christian Krohg as a parody of Jæger, with whom they were in dispute.Bjørnstad, Ketil. 2001. ''Jæger: en rekonstruksjon''. Oslo: Aschehoug, p. 550.

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''Store norske leksikon'': bohembevegelsen
Political history of Norway Culture in Oslo

See also

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Further reading

External links