Konstanty Korniakt Of Białobok
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{{Infobox noble, type , name = Konstanty Korniakt of Białobok , title = , image = Konstanty Korniakt.PNG , caption = Portrait Konstanty Korniakt of Białobok , alt = Portrait of Konstanty Korniakt of Białobok , CoA = Krucina , more = no , succession = , reign = , reign-type = , predecessor = , successor = , suc-type = , spouse = Elżbieta Ossolińska , spouse-type = , issue = Anna, Karol Franciszek, Aleksander Zbigniew , issue-link = , issue-pipe = , full name = , native_name = , styles = , titles = , noble family = Korniakt , house-type = , father =
Konstanty Korniakt Konstanty Korniakt (, Konstantinos Korniaktos; c. 1517 – 1 August 1603) was a merchant of Greek descent, active throughout Central and Eastern Europe; a leaseholder of royal tolls who collected customs duty on behalf of the king. During his lif ...
, mother = Anna Dzieduszycki , birth_name = , birth_date = 1582 , birth_place = , christening_date = , christening_place = , death_date = 1624 , death_place = Białobok , burial_date = , burial_place =
Przemyśl Przemyśl () is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. Data for territorial unit 1862000. In 1999, it became part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Prz ...
, religion = , occupation = , memorials = , website = , module = Konstanty Korniakt of Białobok or Konstantyn Franciszek Korniakt (1582-1624) was a Polish nobleman and soldier, the son of the noble Polish merchant
Konstanty Korniakt Konstanty Korniakt (, Konstantinos Korniaktos; c. 1517 – 1 August 1603) was a merchant of Greek descent, active throughout Central and Eastern Europe; a leaseholder of royal tolls who collected customs duty on behalf of the king. During his lif ...
(1520-1603) of Crete.


Biography


Early life

Konstantyn Franciszek Korniakt was born in Sośnica in 1582, the son of the noble Polish merchant
Konstanty Korniakt Konstanty Korniakt (, Konstantinos Korniaktos; c. 1517 – 1 August 1603) was a merchant of Greek descent, active throughout Central and Eastern Europe; a leaseholder of royal tolls who collected customs duty on behalf of the king. During his lif ...
(the elder, b. 1520, h. Krucina) and Ruthenian noblewoman Anna Dzieduszycki h. Sas. Konstanty Korniakt (the elder) had moved to Lviv in 1554, inheriting the property of his elder brother Michael Kornakt. By 1566 the Polish king
Sigismund II Augustus Sigismund II Augustus (, ; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and t ...
had granted him the privilege to import and sell Greek wines, cotton, Moldavian honey, cowhides and furs, and Western cloths. On 12 February 1571 the king ennobled Konstanty Korniakt (the elder) granting him the Krucina coat of arms.{{Cite book, title=Korniakt Konstanty h. Crucini // Polski Słownik Biograficzny (Polish Biographical Dictionary), last=Urban, first=Wacław, year=1968, publisher=Polish Academy of Sciences, isbn=, location=Warszawa, volume=11, pages=82 by which time he was the wealthiest inhabitant of Lviv, and one of the greatest patrons of Lviv Renaissance architecture.{{Cite web, url=http://www.lwow.home.pl/bulzacki/rody.html, title=Rody Lwowskie - część I. (Lviv families - part I.), last=Bulzacki, first=Krzysztof, date=, website=Historia Lwowa, language=Polish, archive-url=, archive-date=, access-date={{Cite book, url=https://books.google.com/books?id=83rVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA293, title=Economy and Society in Central and Eastern Europe, Conference Proceedings, Greek Patronage of the Arts in Lviv in the 16th and 17th Centuries, last=Deluga, first=Waldemar, publisher=, year=2013, isbn=978-3-643-90445-4, location=Alba Iulia, Romania, pages=293 Konstantyn Franciszek had five siblings: Aleksander, Michal, Anna (m. Jan Tarnowski), Zofia (m. Abraham Herburt), and Katarzyna (m. Aleksander Chodkiewicz). Konstanty (the elder) was a ardent follower of the
Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is List of Christian denominations by number of members, one of the three major doctrinal and ...
but had good relations with the Jesuits. However the children became polonized, converted to Catholicism, and the sons studied at the
University of Padua The University of Padua (, UNIPD) is an Italian public research university in Padua, Italy. It was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from the University of Bologna, who previously settled in Vicenza; thus, it is the second-oldest ...
in Italy.{{Cite book, title=Narysy z istoriji hreckoji hromady Lwowa XVI-XVII stolit (Outline of the history of Hromada in Lviv), last=Lylo, first=Ihor, publisher=Wydawnyctwo Lwiwskoji polityechniky, year=2002, isbn=, location=Lviv, pages=114, language=Ukrainian By the time of his death Konstanty (the elder) had accumulated about 40 villages, 2 towns, and crown lands including estates in
Lwów Land Lwów Land (, , ) was an administrative unit (ziemia) of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1340 and 1772. Its capital was Lwów. Regional Sejmiks for Lwów Land, Sanok Land and Przemyśl Land took place in ...
and
Przemyśl Land Przemyśl Land (, ) was an administrative unit of Kyivan Rus, Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It existed since the integration of Principality of Peremyshl into Kingdom of Ruthenia and until 1772, and was one of five l ...
.


Establishment at Bialoboki

After his father's death on 1 August 1603, Korniakt sold his inherited Lwów Land estates, including some left to his brother Aleksander. Konstantyn then consolidated and moved to the
Przemyśl Land Przemyśl Land (, ) was an administrative unit of Kyivan Rus, Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It existed since the integration of Principality of Peremyshl into Kingdom of Ruthenia and until 1772, and was one of five l ...
of the
Ruthenian Voivodeship The Ruthenian Voivodeship (; ; ) was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, with its center in the city of Lwów (lat. Leopolis) (modern day Lviv). Together with a number of ot ...
where he owned three fortified estates at Sośnica, Złotowice and Białoboki. Korniakt's large estate at Sośnica in the county of
Jarosław Jarosław (; , ; ; ) is a town in southeastern Poland, situated on the San (river), San River. The town had 35,475 inhabitants in 2023. It is the capital of Jarosław County in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. History Jarosław is located in the ...
included a manor built around 1580 which was able to repel the frequent attacks of large bands which were common in the area. Korniakt added a residential wing with an entrance gate from the west to the old north wing. Security was improved by a 140 cm thick wall and vertical escarpment. Until 1605 the family kept their valuable items at this castle. Korniakt established his residence and family stronghold in the village of Bialoboki near
Przeworsk Przeworsk (; ; ) is a town in south-eastern Poland with 15,675 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Since 1999 it has been in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, and is the capital of Przeworsk County. The ancient Przeworsk culture was named after the town ...
. He assumed the name "Konstanty Korniakt of Białobok" and by 1608 had built a small castle on a hill on the site of a former stronghold. The new castle was constructed of brick on a rectangular plan and was surrounded by a moat and swamps and could only be accessed via a drawbridge. The interiors were beautifully decorated and equally well equipped. The floors were made of white stone, as were the sides of the castle.


Dispute with Stadnicki

Korniakt had inherited a mortgage of the town of Lancut which had been issued by his late uncle Michael Korniakt for 17,000 zlotys.{{Cite book, url=http://pbc.gda.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=16047, title=Prawem i lewem : obyczaje na Czerwonej Rusi w pierwszej połowie XVII.wieku. T. 2, Wojny prywatne (Right and left: customs in Red Ruthenia in the first half of the 17th century. T. 2, Private wars), last=Łoziński, first=Władysław, publisher=H. Altenberg, year=1904, isbn=, location=Lviv, pages=13,33,65,242,282–292,343–359,381,488,495–503, language=Polish This mortgage had been assumed by
Stanisław Stadnicki Stanisław Stadnicki (c. 1551 in Nowy Żmigród or Dubiecko – 1610 in Tarnawiec) was a Polish nobleman and the Lord Starosta of Żygwulsko (Sigulda). He was a known troublemaker, called 'the Devil of Łańcut' (Polish: ''diabeł łańcucki' ...
, "the devil of
Łańcut Łańcut (, ; ; ) is a town in south-eastern Poland, with 18,004 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (since 1999), it is the Capital (political), capital of Łańcut County. History Archeological investigat ...
", who had long contested the debt in the royal court. Stadnicki's debt had increased by another 30,000 zlotys for bail after he was sentenced for failure to appear in royal court. After the death of Konstanty Korniakt's father Stadnicki seized his opportunity and invaded the villages of Krzemienica, Czarna and
Albigowa Albigowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łańcut, within Łańcut County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies on the Sawa river, approximately south of Łańcut and east of the regional capital Rzes ...
where he robbed the peasants and burned the farm estate. Stadnicki threatened the heirs if they didn't forgive the 47,000 zloty debt. So Korniakt transported the family treasury with a reserve of money and his mother's jewelry to his more fortified but unfinished castle in Sośnica. On the evening of 29 July 1605 this castle was attacked by Stadnicki with 1500 attackers who over two days captured and plundered the castle, kidnapping Konstanty, his wife and daughters. The building had been stripped of everything, including doors and windows.
''"Infantry hit the castle gates, the riders launched an attack from the commons where there were neither moats nor walls. At the same time the cannonade was opened and a terrible shout was made in the wake of trumpets and war cauldrons. Soon the gates of the castle were assaulted with cannonballs and assault axes, the infantry invaded the castle and immediately hung its banner on the tower as a sign of triumph.'' ''In a moment the castle was full of Stadnicki's soldiers, who rushed to the shops, the caskets, the wardrobes, because the first main goal of such a mercenary party was to rob their own hand. Everything that could be found at home was robbed - says Korniakt - as in ready money, jewels, chains, canoes, crosses, wear, ignites, rings, manels, crowns, pontoons, ferets and various pieces , gemstones as diadems, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, general gold in subtle works made of gold, so in pearls made and not made of considerable size, very costly and expensive, so in portugal, duplon, triplon and other gold coin, also in silver and another coin .... The entire amount of Korniaktów cash was plundered, and the sum was great, which was reported and kept intact during bad adventures, putting a hundred and forty thousand zlotys lightly in hiding"''
The women were stripped of what they were wearing, earrings torn off, and two of Konstanty's mother's fingers cut off so they could take expensive rings including her wedding ring and signet ring. Stadnicki kidnapped and kept Konstanty Korniakt with his wife and daughters in the dungeon of his castle at Łańcut for 8 weeks where they were chained, mistreated and the women were raped. Stadnicki kept the family in the dungeon until Korniakt and his mother signed an agreement for waiver of debts, claims for stolen valuables and damages from the raid on Sosnica. After his release Korniakt took refuge behind the walls of Lviv and from there he filed new lawsuits for robbery and imprisonment. However this again raised Stadnicki's anger. Korniakt's lawyers Adam Zhidovsky and Andrei Svidnitsky, who were conducting the case, miraculously escaped from the city of Przeworsk with their lives. Then in 1606 Stadnicki, with his armed force of 1200-2000 freely entered Lviv and forced Korniakt to re-sign the waiver. In 1608 Korniakt built the brick castle at Bialoboki. Stadnicki attacked the castle and there is a legend that after a long fight broke through. But Korniakt managed to escape through a tunnel leading from the castle to the village of Gać. There, a peasant helped him and in disguise he took him to a safe castle in
Chodakówka Chodakówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kańczuga, within Przeworsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Kańczuga, south-west of Przeworsk, and east of the reg ...
. Stadnicki became involved in wars with other neighbors and during this time the Kornyakts managed to win four court cases against him. Stadnicki's debt to Korniakt grew to 212 thousand zlotys, but the court reduced the amount of payments by half to encourage a settlement. After the death of Stanislav Stadnicki in August 1610 Korniakt continued to fight with Stadnicki's three sons and a brother - the Belgian governor Adam Alexander Stadnicki.


Military career and private conflicts

During the Polish-Swedish war in Livonia (1600-1611) he participated in the Siege of Fellin (May 1602,
Viljandi Viljandi (, , , , ) is a Populated places in Estonia, town and Municipalities of Estonia, municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,255 in 2024. It is the capital of Viljandi County and is geographically located between two major ...
, Estonia), fought in the army of field crown hetman
Stanisław Żółkiewski Stanisław Żółkiewski (; 1547 – 7 October 1620) was a Polish people, Polish szlachta, nobleman of the Lubicz coat of arms, a magnate, military commander, and Chancellor (Poland), Chancellor of the Polish Crown in the Polish–Lithuanian C ...
at the
Battle of Reval The naval Battle of Reval took place on during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790), off the port of Reval in the roadstead (now Tallinn, Estonia). This battle ended in an imposing Imperial Russian Navy victory; it has been compared to the pr ...
(June 1602,
Tallinn Tallinn is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Estonia, most populous city of Estonia. Situated on a Tallinn Bay, bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, it has a population of (as of 2025) and ...
, Estonia), and with
Jan Karol Chodkiewicz Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (; 1561 – 24 September 1621) was a Polish–Lithuanian identity, Polish–Lithuanian military commander of the Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army, who was from 1601 Field Hetman of Lithuania, and from 1605 Grand Hetman of Lit ...
at Battle of Weissenstein (September 1604,
Paide Paide is a town in Estonia and the capital of Järva County, one of the 15 counties of Estonia. Etymology Paide's German name (originally or in Low German) means 'white stone'. This name was derived from the limestone used for the constru ...
, Estonia). Korniakt was also well known for his private wars with neighbors. In 1603 he wounded captain Stanisław Branicki (d.1620) with a saber. From 1608 he attacked his neighbor Marcina of Goraja Czuryłęj in Ujkowice, seized the estate of Annę Jaksmanicką of Fredrów, imprisoned nobleman Jaczewskiego, captured the marketplace Przemysl and with the help of Adam Żydowskiego, killed Marcina Sadowskiego. In 1609 he attacked and killed the
chorąży A standard-bearer ( Polish: ''Chorąży'' ; Russian and ; , chorunžis; ) is a military rank in Poland, Ukraine and some neighboring countries. A ''chorąży'' was once a knight who bore an ensign, the emblem of an armed troops, a voivodship, a l ...
of Rudnitsky with his 16 servants, taking their property.{{Cite book, title=Studia nad zamkami i dworami Ziemi Przemyskiej : od połowy XIV do początków XVIII wieku (Studies on castles and manors of the Przemyśl region: from the mid-fourteenth to the early eighteenth century), last=Proska, first=Michal, publisher=Przemyśl : AP, year=2001, isbn=, location=Przemyśl: State Archives in Przemyśl, pages=, language=Polish


Marriage and children

Konstantyn Franciszek Korniakt married Elżbieta Ossolińska (d. 1646), the daughter of
Jan Zbigniew Ossoliński Jan Zbigniew Ossoliński (3 September 1555 – 3 October 1623) was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman, or ''szlachcic''. He held the following offices: *Secretary to the King from 1578 * Chamberlain or '' podkomorzy'' of Sandomierz from 1593 *Castel ...
- the voivode of Sandomierz. Konstantyn and Elżbieta had the following children: * Anna Korniakt (1608-1648) who married Mikołaj Ossoliński * Karol Franciszek Korniakt (1610-1672) who in 1664 married Katarzyna Bełżecka (1620-), daughter of the Podole Governor Aleksander.{{Cite book, url=http://bcpw.bg.pw.edu.pl/Content/962/herbarz_t2_hpii.pdf, title=Herbarz Polski Imionospis zasłużonych w Polsce ludzi wszystkich stanów i czasów (Armorial of Poland Name list of distinguished people of all states and times in Poland), last=, first=, publisher=Kornela Pillera, year=1859, isbn=, location=, pages=46, 47, language=Polish * Aleksander Zbigniew Korniakt (1612-1639) who married Dorota Czarnkowską (1610-1639).


Death and afterward

In June of 1624 the Tatars invaded the Przemysl region. As they destroyed the villages they established themselves in a ravine that would someday be called Wolica.{{Cite book, url=https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/details/nnl8Tdk, title=Najazd tatarski na ziemię przemyską w 1624 r. (Tatar invasion of Przemyśl in 1624), last=Gliwa, first=Andrzej, publisher=, year=2005, isbn=, location=, pages=, language=Polish{{Cite book, url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/234083081/Maurycy-Horn-Chronologia-i-Zasi%C4%99g-Najazdow-Tatarskich-Na-Ziemie-Rzeczypospolitej-Polskiej-w-Latach-1600-1647, title=Chronologia i Zasięg Najazdów Tatarskich Na Ziemie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Latach 1600 – 1647 (Chronology and range of Tartar invasions on the lands of the Republic of Poland in the years 1600 - 1647), last=Bogdan, first=Zając, publisher=Ministerstwa Obrony NarodowejWarszawa, year=1962, isbn=, location=Warsaw, pages= Konstantyn Korniakt of Białoboki died from wounds during this invasion as a defender of the Polish lands. He was buried in the Dominican church in Przemyśl. Although the Tatars captured most of the local population as
jasyr Chattel slavery was a major institution and a significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy and traditional society. The main sources of slaves were wars and politically organized enslavement expeditions in the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, So ...
, they were later intercepted and dealt a crushing defeat at the Battle of Martynów. When he died Konstanty Korniakt of Białobok left the majority of his estates in the Przemyśl region to his daughter Anna and son-in-law Mikołaj Ossoliński. This included 29 villages and one city including the key of
Rybotycze Rybotycze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Fredropol, within Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately south-west of Fredropol, south-west of ...
, the castle near Przemyśl, and the properties of Husaków and Miźnice. Rybotycze became the main residence from which Mikołaj made trips to the surrounding area and maintained a regular army there, recruited from the surrounding villages. Konstanty's eldest son, Karol Franciszek Korniakt owned 11 villages in the Przemyśl region with his base at Białoboki. In the summer of 1630 Karol enrolled at the
Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (, UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and one of the List of oldest universities in con ...
in Kraków and traveled extensively (Germany, Italy, France, Spain, England, Belgium, Holland). He studied military affairs and languages, notably at the
University of Graz The University of Graz (, formerly: ''Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz'') is a public university, public research university located in Graz, Austria. It is the largest and oldest university in Styria, as well as the second-largest and second-old ...
in Austria, and at
University of Padua The University of Padua (, UNIPD) is an Italian public research university in Padua, Italy. It was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from the University of Bologna, who previously settled in Vicenza; thus, it is the second-oldest ...
in Italy (1639). Karol participated in the Polish campaigns and battles and fought in many wars. He financed companies during the
Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, Khmelnytsky insurrection, or the National Liberation War, was a Cossack uprisings, Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Poli ...
(1648-1657). He commanded his own company at the
Siege of Zbarazh The siege of Zbarazh ( Ukrainian: ''Облога Збаража, Битва під Збаражем,'' Polish: ''Oblężenie Zbaraża, Bitwa pod Zbarażem;'' 10 July — 22 August, 1649) was fought near the site of the present-day city of Zbar ...
in 1649, and the
Battle of Berestechko The Battle of Berestechko (Ukrainian language, Ukrainian: Битва під Берестечком, Polish language, Polish: ''Bitwa pod Beresteczkiem''; 28 June – 10 July 1651) was fought between the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate ag ...
in 1651.


Bibliography

* Michał Proksa: Studia nad zamkami i dworami ziemi przemyskiej od połowy XIV do początków XVIII wieku, Przemyśl 2001 (s. 468) * Władysław Łoziński: Prawem i Lewem, tom I i II, Iskry, Warszawa 2005, {{ISBN, 83-207-1769-8 * Franciszek Młynek i Józef Benbenek: Przeworsk i Okolice, Warszawa 1960 * Zygmunt Gloger: Encyklopedia Staropolska, 1989, {{ISBN, 83-214-0411-1


References


External links


Gmina Gać - POZOSTAŁOŚCI ZESPOŁU ZAMKOWEGO (Castle Ruins at Białoboki)Zamko Mania Polskie zamki i dwory obronne - Sośnica (Polish castles and fortified manor houses - Sośnica)
1582 births 1624 deaths Polish people of Greek descent Polish soldiers Polish nobility