
The Kishū Domain (紀州藩, Kishū-han), also referred to as Kii Domain or Wakayama Domain, was a feudal domain in Kii Province, Japan. This domain encompassed regions in present-day Wakayama and southern
Mie prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 () and has a geographic area of . Mie Prefecture is bordered by Gifu Prefecture to the north, Shiga Prefecture an ...
s and had a substantial income of 555,000 koku. The administrative center of the domain was located at
Wakayama Castle, which is situated in present-day
Wakayama,
Wakayama Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 () and a geographic area of . Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to ...
.
History
After the
Battle of Sekigahara
The Battle of Sekigahara (Shinjitai: ; Kyūjitai: , Hepburn romanization: ''Sekigahara no Tatakai'') was an important battle in Japan which occurred on October 21, 1600 (Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu Prefecture, ...
in 1600,
Asano Yukinaga, the lord of
Kai Province, was granted
Kii Province
, or , was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is today Wakayama Prefecture, as well as the southern part of Mie Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kii''" in . Kii bordered Ise, Izumi, Kawachi, Shima, and Yamato Pro ...
. This led to the establishment of the
Kishu Domain, which governed the
Asano clan of Tozama. However, in 1619, the
Asano clan was relocated to the
Hiroshima Domain
The was a large domain that owned all of Aki Province and half of Bingo Province. It occupies most of current Hiroshima Prefecture. The domain office was located at Hiroshima Castle in Sato District, Aki Province (renamed Numata District in 1 ...
in
Aki Province
or Geishū () was a province in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu, comprising the western part of what is today Hiroshima Prefecture.
History
When Emperor Shōmu ordered two official temples for each province (one for male Buddhist prie ...
under the leadership of
Fukushima Masanori. At the same time,
Tokugawa Yorinobu, the tenth son of
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...
and the former lord of the
Sunpu Domain, merged the former territory of Asano with 555,000 koku. This expansion included
Minami Ise and Kishu, which was the main domain governed by the Kii-
Tokugawa clan. As a result, the domain was officially established.
Tokugawa Yorinobu recruited
Rōnin
In feudal Japan to early modern Japan (1185–1868), a ''rōnin'' ( ; , , 'drifter' or 'wandering man', ) was a samurai who had no lord or master and in some cases, had also severed all links with his family or clan. A samurai became a ''rō ...
and raised suspicions during the
Keian Incident in 1651, allegedly challenging the
Shogun
, officially , was the title of the military aristocracy, rulers of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor of Japan, Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, exc ...
.
Tokugawa Tsunanori, Yorinobu's grandson and third lord of the domain, married
Tokugawa Tsuruhime, the eldest daughter of the fifth shogun, but died prematurely.
Tokugawa Yoshimune
was the eighth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Yoshimune is know ...
, Tsunanori's younger brother and 5th lord of the domain, became the 8th Shogun after a series of events, bringing over 200 feudal retainers from the Kishū clan to Edo.
Tokugawa Munenao, the sixth lord of the domain, who inherited the clan from the branch domain after leaving Yoshimune, overcam the financial difficulties caused by the
Kyoho Famine, which lost 57% of the amount of the amount of koku, with 20,000 ryo of public money borrowed, but after that, he followed the way to make up for this budget deficit with public money. The Wakayama Domain deepened its financial dependence on the shogunate because it was close to the Shogun, and on the other hand, this became a factor that put pressure on the shogunate's finances.
The 11th lord of the domain,
Tokugawa Nariyuki, lost his worship debt during the
Tenmei era, and borrowed a new 20,000 bale from the shogunate's Osaka
Kurazumemai. The balance of the debt reached 45,000 ryo.
Keifuku, the 13th lord of the domain, was the grandson of the 11th Shogun
Tokugawa Ienari
Tokugawa Ienari (, 18 November 1773 – 22 March 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern Japan'', p. 21./ref> ...
, and in 1858, he inherited the Shogun family after Iesada, the 13th Shogun without children, and became the 14th Shogun Iemochi. All the successive shoguns after the 8th Shogun Yoshimune were occupied by the Kishu Domain and the
Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family, which was a branch of it.
Following the
abolition of the han system
The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...
in July 1871, significant changes occurred in the administrative divisions of Japan. The territories of Kishū,
Tanabe, and
Shingū were transformed into separate entities known as
Kishū Prefecture,
Tanabe Prefecture, and Shingū Prefecture, respectively. However, these prefectures were short-lived as they were dissolved in November of the same year. This dissolution led to the establishment of the present-day
Mie and
Wakayama prefectures, which continue to exist to this day.
List of daimyo
See also
*
List of Han
*
Abolition of the han system
The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...
Simplified family tree
*
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...
, 1st Tokugawa Shōgun (1543-1616; r. 1603-1605)
** I. Yorinobu, 1st Lord of Kishū (cr. 1619) (1602-1671; r. 1619-1667)
*** II. Mitsusada, 2nd Lord of Kishū (1627-1705; r. 1667-1698)
**** III. Tsunanori, 3rd Lord of Kishū (1665-1705; r. 1698-1705)
**** IV. Yorimoto, 4th Lord of Kishū (1680-1705; r. 1705)
**** V.
Tokugawa Yoshimune
was the eighth ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, ruling from 1716 until his abdication in 1745. He was the son of Tokugawa Mitsusada, the grandson of Tokugawa Yorinobu, and the great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Yoshimune is know ...
, 5th Lord of Kishū, 8th Tokugawa Shōgun (1684-1751; Lord of Kishū: 1705-1716; Shōgun: 1716-1745)
***** Munetada, 1st head of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa line (1721-1765)
******Harusada, 2nd head of the Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa line (1751-1827)
*******
Tokugawa Ienari
Tokugawa Ienari (, 18 November 1773 – 22 March 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern Japan'', p. 21./ref> ...
, 11th Tokugawa Shōgun (1773-1841; r. 1786-1841)
********
Tokugawa Ieyoshi, 12th Tokugawa Shogun
*********
Tokugawa Iesada, 13th Tokugawa Shogun
******** XI. Nariyuki, 11th Lord of Kishū (1801-1846; r. 1824-1846)
********* XIII. Yoshitomi, 13th Lord of Kishū, 14th Tokugawa Shōgun (as
Tokugawa Iemochi
(17 July 1846 – 29 August 1866) was the 14th '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866.
During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. I ...
) (1846-1866; Lord: 1849-1858; Shōgun: 1858-1866)
******** XII. Narikatsu, 12th Lord of Kishū (1820-1849; r. 1846-1849)
*******Narimasa, 4th head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa line (1779-1848)
********Yoshiyori, 8th head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa line (1828-1876)
*********Yorimichi, 15th family head, 2nd Marquess (1872-1925; 15th family head: 1906-1925; 2nd Marquess: 1906-1925)
**********Yorisada, 16th family head, 3rd Marquess (1892-1954; 16th family head: 1925-1954; 3rd Marquess: 1925-1947)
*********** Yoriaki, 17th family head (1917-1958; 17th family head: 1954-1958)
**********Takako (b. 1926); m. Tokugawa (Aoyama) Tsuyoshi, 18th family head (b. 1924; 18th family head: 1958-1965)
*********** Noriko, 19th family head (b. 1956; 19th family head: 1965-present)
***Matsudaira Yorizumi, 1st Lord of Saijō (1641-1711)
**** VI. Munenao, 6th Lord of Kishū (1682-1757; r. 1716-1757)
***** VII. Munemasa, 7th Lord of Kishū (1720-1765; r. 1757-1765)
****** VIII. Shigenori, 8th Lord of Kishū (1746-1829; r. 1765-1775)
******Matsudaira Yorikata, 6th Lord of Saijō (1755-1806)
*******Matsudaira Yoriyuki, 8th Lord of Saijō (1785-1848)
********Matsudaira Yorisatō, 9th Lord of Saijō (1809-1865)
********* XIV. Mochitsugu, 14th Lord of Kishū and family head, 1st Marquess (1844-1906; Lord: 1858-1869; Governor: 1869-1871; Marquess: 1884)
******* X. Harutomi, 10th Lord of Kishū (1771-1853; r. 1789-1824)
***** IX. Harusada, 9th Lord of Kishū (1728-1789; r. 1775-1789)
Genealogy (jp)
/ref>
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kishu Domain
Asano clan
Domains of Japan
Kishū-Tokugawa clan