King Herod's Song

''Jesus Christ Superstar'' is a 1970 album musical written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, and the debut of the rock opera of the same name. Initially unable to get backing for a stage production, the composers released it as an album, the success of which led to stage productions premiering in 1971. The musical dramatises the Passion of Jesus, beginning with his entry into Jerusalem and ending with the crucifixion. It was originally banned by the BBC on grounds of being "sacrilegious". By 1983, the album had sold over seven million copies worldwide.

Composition

Lloyd Webber and Rice had earlier success with ''Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat''. Then, according to Lloyd Webber, the Dean of St Paul's, Martin Sullivan, suggested they do the story of Jesus next. "Tim and I rather resisted it," Lloyd Webber said, "but then Tim came up with this interesting angle. What if we told the story from Judas Iscariot's perspective?"

Lyrics in the 1964 Bob Dylan song "With God on Our Side" resonated with Rice: "You'll have to decide / Whether Judas Iscariot had God on his side." Another inspiration was an advertisement showing Tom Jones dressed in white with the word 'SUPERSTAR' emblazoned across him.

Rice and Lloyd Webber wrote the title song, ''Superstar,'' first, in July 1969. Lloyd Webber explained, “It was agreed that we would first sort of ‘send up a flag' to see whether the public would accept our approach to the subject."''Rock Opera: The creation of Jesus Christ Superstar from record album to Broadway show and motion picture.'' Ellis Nassour and Richard Broderick. New York: Hawthorn Books. 1973. They spent the next four months producing the single. They wrote the rest of the songs from November 1969 to March 1970.Superstar sells a million. Poughkeepsie Journal. 29 Nov 1970: 79.

The album's story is based in large part on the Bible and Fulton J. Sheen's ''Life of Christ''. Rice said, "I used the King James and Catholic versions — whichever was handier — interchangeably. My biggest aid was Fulton Sheen's ''Life of Christ,'' in which Bishop Sheen calibrates and compares the Gospels." However, greater emphasis is placed on the interpersonal relationships of the major characters, in particular, Jesus, Judas and Mary Magdalene, relationships that are not described in depth in the Gospels.

"Herod's Song" is a lyrical rewrite of "Try It and See", previously written by Lloyd Webber and Rice as a proposed British entry into the Eurovision Song Contest 1969 to be sung by Lulu, then recorded and released as a single by Rita Pavone. The writers had also included it (as "Those Saladin Days") in an aborted show about Richard the Lionheart called ''Come Back Richard Your Country Needs You''.

The melody of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" also predates ''Jesus Christ Superstar''; it was rewritten from a 1968 Lloyd Webber/Rice collaboration titled "Kansas Morning".

Recording

The album was recorded from March to July 1970.
For the recording, Lloyd Webber and Rice drew personnel from both musical theatre (Murray Head had just left the West End production of ''Hair'') and the British rock scene (Ian Gillan had only recently become the singer of Deep Purple). Many of the primary musicians—guitarists Neil Hubbard and Henry McCullough, bassist Alan Spenner, and drummer Bruce Rowland (drummer), Bruce Rowland—came from Joe Cocker's backing group The Grease Band. Saxophonist Chris Mercer had also played with Hubbard in Juicy Lucy (band), Juicy Lucy.

Release

The first piece of ''Superstar'' released was Superstar (Jesus Christ Superstar song), the title song, as a single in November 1969 backed with the instrumental "John Nineteen Forty-One" (see ). The full album followed almost a year later.

In the U.S., the double album was released on 27 October 1970. Less than three weeks later, on 16 November, it achieved gold status ($1 million in sales).

The album topped the U.S. Billboard (magazine), ''Billboard'' Top LP's chart in both February and May 1971 and ranked number one in the year-end chart ahead of Carole King's massive hit ''Tapestry (Carole King album), Tapestry''. It also served as a launching pad for numerous Jesus Christ Superstar, stage productions on Broadway theatre, Broadway and in the West End theatre, West End. The original 1970 boxed-set issue of this two-record set was packaged in the U.S. with a special thin brown cardboard outer box ("The Brown Album") which contained the two vinyl records and a 28-page libretto.

Reception

Hubert Saal, in ''Newsweek,'' called it "nothing short of brilliant — and reverent. Staying well within limits prescribed by the Gospels, the opera galvanizes the story and the scenes of the Passion with its own fresh imagination and vitality." Critic John Rockwell, writing in the ''Los Angeles Times,'' thought, "...at its best, ''Jesus'' works. Rice and Weber have managed more effectively than the composers of any previous rock-opera that I know of to characterize individuals in both words and music. And they are helped by an excellent cast." ''Billboards critic wrote, "This brilliant musical portrayal of the last seven days of Jesus is destined to become one of the most talked about and provocative albums on the pop scene. Music critic Thomas Willis wrote in the ''Chicago Tribune'', "I am neither a theologian nor a rock critic, but if ''Jesus Christ Superstar'' isn't the most important religious music of the year — and one of two or three significant recordings of the decade — I am sadly mistaken." He added, "The ingredients in this unique production are absolutely first rate." Nat Hentoff, in ''Cosmopolitan'', called it "the most remarkable large-scale rock work yet created" and called the singers "superbly cast."

Other critics unfavourably compared it to the Who's Tommy (The Who album), ''Tommy'': ''Variety'' thought, "Somewhat overstated, the opera lacks the overall impact of ''Tommy''." Mike Jahn, in the ''Baltimore Sun'', went further: "''Tommy'' seemed a labor of love, with good stories well-told...In comparison, ''Jesus Christ Superstar'' seems a labor of opportunism with almost no inspiration. In fact, when it isn't dead boring it's embarrassing..."

Track listing

All compositions written by Tim Rice (lyrics and book) and Andrew Lloyd Webber (music).

Credits

Main players
* Ian Gillan – Jesus, Jesus Christ
* Murray Head – Judas Iscariot
* Yvonne Elliman – Mary Magdalene
* Victor Brox – Caiaphas, Caiaphas, High Priest
* Barry Dennen – Pontius Pilate

Supporting players
* Plastic Penny, Brian Keith – Annas
* John Gustafson (musician), John Gustafson – Simon the Zealot, Simon Zealotes
* Gracious!, Paul Davis – Saint Peter, Peter
* Mike d'Abo – Herod Antipas, King Herod

Other players
* Annette Brox – Maid by the Fire
* Gary Glitter, Paul Raven – Priest
* P. P. Arnold, Tony Ashton, Tim Rice, Peter Barnfeather, Madeline Bell, Brian Bennett, Lesley Duncan, Kay Garner, Barbara Kay, Neil Lancaster, Alan M. O'Duffy, Terry Saunders – Background vocals
* Choir conducted by Geoffrey Mitchell (conductor), Geoffrey Mitchell
* Children's choir conducted by Alan Doggett on "Overture"
* The Trinidad Singers, under the leadership of Horace James, on "Superstar"

Musicians
* Neil Hubbard – electric guitar
* Henry McCullough – electric guitar, Steel-string acoustic guitar, acoustic guitar
* Alan Spenner – bass guitar
* Chris Mercer – tenor saxophone, tenor sax
* J. Peter Robinson – piano, electric piano, electronic organ, organ, positive organ
* Bruce Rowland (drummer), Bruce Rowland – Drum kit, drums, Percussion instrument, percussion

Other musicians
* Norman Cave, Karl Jenkins – piano
* Mick Weaver – piano, organ
* Andrew Lloyd Webber – piano, organ, Moog synthesizer
* Mike Vickers – Moog synthesizer
* Alan Doggett – principal Conductor, Moog synthesizer
* Strings of the City of London Ensemble
* Clive Hicks, Chris Spedding, Louis Stewart, Steve Vaughan – guitar
* Jeff Clyne, Peter Morgan, Alan Weighall – bass guitar
* Harold Beckett, Les Condon, Ian Hamer, Kenny Wheeler – trumpet
* Anthony Brooks, Joseph Castaldini – bassoon
* Andrew McGavin, Douglas Moore, James Brown, Jim Buck Sr., Jim Buck Jr., John Burdon – French horn, horns
* Keith Christie, Frank Jones, Anthony Moore – trombone
* Ian Herbert – clarinet
* Chris Taylor, Brian Warren – flute
* Bill LeSage, John Stanley Marshall, John Marshall – drums

Production
* Alan O'Duffy – chief engineer

Reissues

*Original Concept Recording. ''Jesus Christ Superstar – A Rock Opera''. Universal City, California: MCA Records Inc. [USA], (released 24 September 1996). Cat. No. MCAD2-11542 [2 CDs], UPC 008811154226.

2012 remaster

In 2012, the MCA reissue was remastered personally by Andrew Lloyd Webber, who released the result on his own Really Useful Music imprint under the Decca records, Decca banner. In his liner notes, Lloyd Webber states that he was hoping to find some unreleased recording within the original masters, but he found out that only three out of twenty tapes had survived the 2008 Universal Studios fire, and those tapes did not contain any unreleased material. However, it later turned out that he did possess a copy of the complete masters in his own archive, and he worked from that.

2021 expanded reissue

In 2021, for the 50th anniversary of the original staging, Universal Music Group released an expanded reissue (under its Decca Broadway imprint) consisting of 3 CDs and a hardback book. The first two discs contain a new remaster of the original album, made at Abbey Road Studios by staff engineers Miles Shovell and Nick Davis; the third disc includes demos, rarities, single edits and more, all sourced from Tim Rice's personal archive.Liner notes by Tim Rice within the hardback book for the 2021 reissue.
The book includes many photos from the era, an extensive chronicle of the making of the album (compiled by writer Lois Wilson from interviews with Lloyd Webber, Rice, Yvonne Elliman, Murray Head, Ian Gillan and the musicians involved in the album), appreciations by English comedian/musician Matt Berry and Chic (band), Chic founder Nile Rodgers, a facsimile of the lyric book included within the original 1970 album and the script for an "open-end interview" (i.e. a pre-recorded interview with music and gaps for radio DJs and presenters to insert their own voices) with Lloyd Webber and Rice, whose audio part is on the third disc.
The artwork for the box set includes both the brown American cover (on the slipcase for the set) and the more colourful British one, on the book itself.

Disc 3 tracklist

#"Ascending Chords" (orchestral intro, previously unreleased)
#"Blood Money" (Tim Rice's guide vocal, previously unreleased)
#"Herod's Song" (Tim Rice's guide vocal, previously unreleased)
#"I Don't Know How to Love Him" (Tim Rice and Murray Head vocal, previously unreleased)
#"I Don't Know How to Love Him" (Murray Head vocal, previously unreleased)
#"This Jesus Must Die" (Scat vocal, previously unreleased)
#"What a Party" (deleted song, previously unreleased; sung by Tony Ashton as a host introducing the cast; music later used for "This Jesus Must Die")
#"This Jesus Must Die" (Scat vocal 2, previously unreleased)
#"Heaven on Their Minds" (instrumental, previously unreleased)
#"I Don't Know How to Love Him" (single edit)
#"(Too Much) Heaven on Their Minds" (German single, MCS 3468)
#"Strange Thing (Mystifying)" (German single, MCS 3468)
#"Open-End Interview with the Creators of Jesus Christ Superstar - Part One" (includes Superstar, Heaven on Their Minds, I Don't Know How to Love Him)
#"Open-End Interview with the Creators of Jesus Christ Superstar - Part Two" (includes Gethsemane, Herod's Song, Superstar)
#"John Nineteen: Forty One" (B-side of MKS 5019)
Note: the A-side of the original UK Superstar single (MKS 5019) is not included here as it is identical to the album version.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

See also

* Jesus Christ Superstar (film), ''Jesus Christ Superstar'' (film)

References

External links

jesuschristsuperstar.com: The Album
*

{{Authority control

1970 albums
Albums produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Albums produced by Tim Rice
Andrew Lloyd Webber albums
Caiaphas
1970s concept albums
Cultural depictions of Pontius Pilate
Decca Records albums
Jesus Christ Superstar
MCA Records albums
Rock operas
Tim Rice albums
Cultural depictions of Judas Iscariot
Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene
Cultural depictions of Saint Peter
Cultural depictions of Herod Antipas