Kazakhstan–Mongolia relations refer to

bilateral relations Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When ...

between the

Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

and

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

. The two countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1992, after Kazakhstan gained independence from the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. The Embassy of Mongolia to Kazakhstan,

Almaty Almaty, formerly Alma-Ata, is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population exceeding two million residents within its metropolitan area. Located in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau mountains ...

opened in September 1992 and began operating in

Astana Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan. With a population of 1,423,726 within the city limits, it is the second-largest in the country after Almaty, which had been the capital until 1997. The city lies on the banks of the Ishim (river), Ishim ...

in 2010. The diplomatic mission of Kazakhstan to Mongolia opened in 1992 in

Ulaanbaatar Ulaanbaatar is the Capital (political), capital and List of cities in Mongolia, most populous city of Mongolia. It has a population of 1.6 million, and it is the coldest capital city in the world by average yearly temperature. The municipa ...

. The mission was upgraded to an Embassy on 1 January 2007. __TOC__

Political cooperation

In October 1993, then-President

Nursultan Nazarbayev Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev (born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakhstani politician who served as the first president of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2019. He also held the special title of Elbasy from 2010 to 2022 and chairman of the Security Council of ...

paid his first official visit to Mongolia. The Protocol on Cooperation between Khural of Mongolia and Mazhilis of Kazakhstan was signed in 2003. The first official visit of Mongolian President Natsagyn Bagabandi to Kazakhstan occurred in 1998. Nazarbayev was awarded the highest honor of Mongolia, the Order of Erdene Ochir ("The Precious Rod"), for his contribution to the development of bilateral relations during his official visit to Mongolia in the summer of 2008. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1991, the two countries have signed more than 50 bilateral treaties and agreements. In October 2019, Mongolian Prime Minister

Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh (; born 14 June 1968), also referred to as Khürelsükh Ukhnaa, is a Mongolian politician who has been the sixth president of Mongolia since 2021. He previously served as the 30th Prime Minister of Mongolia, prime minist ...

visited Nur-Sultan and met Kazakh Prime Minister

Askar Mamin Asqar Uzaqbaiuly Mamin (, ; born 23 October 1965) is a Kazakh politician and economist who served as the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2022, resigning due to pressure from the 2022 Kazakh unrest. He served as First Deputy Prime Minist ...

. It was the first visit by a Mongolian Prime Minister in 25 years. In October 2021, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia

Batmunkh Battsetseg Battsetseg Batmunkh (born 9 December 1973) is the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia since 2021. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations from the National University of Mongolia in 1996, a Bachelor of Business Administrati ...

visited Nur-Sultan and met Kazakh President

Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Kassym-Jomart Kemeluly Tokayev (born 17 May 1953) is a Kazakhstani politician and diplomat who has served as the second president of Kazakhstan since 2019. He previously served as Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 ...

Trade and economic cooperation

Kazakhstan-Mongolian Intergovernmental Commission (IGC) on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technological and Cultural cooperation was established to strengthen bilateral cooperation. Trade turnover in 2017 reached US$68.2 million, according to the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main export goods from Kazakhstan to Mongolia are tobacco, cigarettes, lighters, sanitary and hygiene products, wheat and wheat-rye flour, and oil. The main import goods of Mongolia to Kazakhstan are animal and vegetable products, textiles and textile products, wood, timber, pulp, and paper.

Aerospace

Kazakhstan’s

aerospace Aerospace is a term used to collectively refer to the atmosphere and outer space. Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of commercial, industrial, and military applications. Aerospace engineering consists of aeronautics and astron ...

cooperation with Mongolia expanded in 2024 with the signing of a contract to export a medium-resolution satellite to a Mongolian private company. This deal marked Kazakhstan’s first satellite export and added to an initially domestic satellite constellation project. The launch of the Mongolian satellite is expected around 2028. On 10 April 2025, Kazakh officials highlighted broader international collaboration in space technologies, including ongoing negotiations within the UN framework.

Cultural and humanitarian cooperation

Some 10 agreements have been signed between Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Programs include exchange students program and in 2001, the East Kazakhstan State opened its branch in the city of Ulaanbaatar. 25 grants were awarded annually to citizens of Mongolia. The Kazakhstan government provided humanitarian aid of US$200,000 to the victims of the mud flow that happened on July 10, 2016.

References

{{Foreign relations of Mongolia Bilateral relations of Mongolia

Political cooperation

Trade and economic cooperation

Aerospace

Cultural and humanitarian cooperation

See also

References