Revolutionary Serbia (), or

Karađorđe Đorđe Petrović (; ; – ), known by the sobriquet Karađorđe (; ), was a Serbian revolutionary leader who led a struggle against the Ottoman Empire during the First Serbian Uprising. He held the title of Grand Vožd of Serbia from 14 ...

's Serbia (), refers to the state established by the

Serbian revolutionaries Serbian may refer to: * Pertaining to Serbia in Southeast Europe; in particular **Serbs, a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans ** Serbian language ** Serbian culture **Demographics of Serbia Demography, Demographic features of th ...

in Ottoman Serbia (

Sanjak of Smederevo The Sanjak of Smederevo (, ), also known in historiography as the Pashalik of Belgrade (, ), was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman administrative unit (sanjak) centered on Smederevo, that existed between the 15th and the outset of the 19th centuries. It ...

) after the start of the

First Serbian Uprising The First Serbian Uprising (; sr-Cyrl, Први српски устанак; ) was an uprising of Serbs in Orašac (Aranđelovac), Orašac against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 1804 to 7 October 1813. The uprising began as a local revolt ...

against the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

in 1804. The

Sublime Porte The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte ( or ''Babıali''; ), was a synecdoche or metaphor used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. It is particularly referred to the buildi ...

first officially recognized the state as autonomous in January 1807, however, the Serbian revolutionaries rejected the treaty and continued fighting the Ottomans until 1813. Although the first uprising was crushed, it was followed by the

Second Serbian Uprising The Second Serbian Uprising ( / ''Drugi srpski ustanak'', ) was the second phase of the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the re-annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire in 1813. The occupation was ...

in 1815, which resulted in the creation of the

Principality of Serbia The Principality of Serbia () was an autonomous, later sovereign state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution, which lasted between 1804 and 1817. Its creation was negotiated first through an unwritten agre ...

, as it gained semi-independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1817.

Political history

First Serbian Uprising

Stratimirović's Memorandum

*Stratimirović's Memorandum (1804)

Ičko's Peace

Between July and October 1806 Petar Ičko, an Ottoman ''

dragoman A dragoman was an Interpreter (communication), interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish language, Turkish-, Arabic language, Arabic-, and Persian language, Persian-speaking countries and polity, polities of the Middle East and ...

'' (translator-diplomat) and representative of the Serbian rebels, negotiated a peace treaty known in historiography as "

Ičko's Peace Ičko's Peace () is the name given to a peace treaty negotiated in between July and October 1806 by Petar Ičko, an Ottoman ''dragoman'' (translator-diplomat) and representative of the Serbian Revolution, Serbian revolutionaries, during the First ...

". Ičko had been sent to

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

twice in the latter half of 1806 to negotiate peace. The Ottomans seemed ready to grant Serbia autonomy following rebel victories in 1805 and 1806, also pressured by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

, which had taken

Moldavia Moldavia (, or ; in Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic: or ) is a historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially in ...

and

Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ; : , : ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Munteni ...

; they agreed to a sort of autonomy and clearer stipulation of taxes in January 1807, by which time the rebels had already taken Belgrade. The rebels rejected the treaty and sought Russian aid to their independence, while the Ottomans had declared war on Russia in December 1806. A Russo-Serbian alliance treaty was signed on 10 June 1807.

Russo-Serbian Alliance

On 10 July 1807, the Serbian rebels under

signed an alliance with the

during the

. After the

had allied itself with

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

in late 1806, and was subsequently at war with Russia and

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

, it sought to meet the demands of the Serbian rebels. At the same time, the Russians offered the Serbs aid and cooperation. The Serbs chose alliance with the Russians over autonomy under the Ottomans (as set by the "

"). Karađorđe was to receive arms, and military and medical missions, which proved to be a turning point in the

Serbian Revolution The Serbian Revolution ( / ') was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Sanjak of Smederevo, Ottoman province into a Revolutionary Serbia, reb ...

Proclamations

*A proclamation (

Slavonic-Serbian Slavonic-Serbian (славяносербскій, ''slavjanoserbskij''), Slavo-Serbian or Slaveno-Serbian (славено-сербскiй, ''slaveno-serbskij''; , ''slavenosrpski''), was a literary language used by the Serbs in the Habsburg E ...

: Проглашенie) calling for the unity of Serbs, dated 21 February 1809. *A proclamation with 15 points, dated 16 August 1809.

Treaty of Bucharest (1812)

Government

Rule was divided between Grand Vožd Karađorđe, the Narodna Skupština (People's Assembly) and the Praviteljstvujušči Sovjet (Governing Council), established in 1805.

Governing Council

The Governing Council was established by recommendation of the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs

Czartoryski The House of Czartoryski (feminine form: Czartoryska, plural: Czartoryscy; ) is a Princely Houses of Poland, Polish princely family of Lithuanian-Ruthenians, Ruthenian origin, also known as the Familia (political party), Familia. The family, whic ...

and on the proposal of some of the

voivode Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Mid ...

s (

Jakov Jakov ( sr-Cyrl, Јаков, ) is a masculine given name of Biblical origin and a saints' name. It is cognate to Jakob, Yakov, Jacob and James. It is often found in Croatia and Serbia, and also appears elsewhere. The name Jacob is of Hebrew origi ...

and Matija Nenadović, Milan Obrenović, Sima Marković). The idea of Boža Grujović, the first secretary, and Matija Nenadović, the first president, was that the council would become the government of the new Serbian state. It had to organize and supervise the administration, the economy, army supply, order and peace, judiciary, and foreign policy.

Ministries

In 1811, the government system was reorganized, with the formation of ministries (''popečiteljstva'') instead of ''nahija''-representatives.

Maps

File:Serbia1809.png, In 1809 File:Serbia1813.png, In 1813

References

Sources

* * * * * Janjić, Jovan. "Role of clergy in the creation and function of the Serbian state from the time of First Serbian Uprising." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke 150 (2015): 53-64. * Janjić, Jovan. "The role of the clergy in the creation and work of the state authorities during the first Serbian uprising: Part one." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke 149 (2014): 901-927. * * * * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Serbia, Revolutionary States and territories established in 1804 States and territories disestablished in 1813

Revolutionary Serbia Revolutionary Serbia (), or Karađorđe's Serbia (), refers to the state established by the Serbian revolutionaries in Ottoman Serbia ( Sanjak of Smederevo) after the start of the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1804. The Sub ...

Former countries in Europe