Kadina ( ) is a town on the

Yorke Peninsula The Yorke Peninsula, known as Guuranda by the original inhabitants, the Narungga people, is a peninsula located northwest and west of Adelaide in South Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St Vincent on the east. The peninsula ...

of the Australian state of

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...

, approximately 144 kilometres north-northwest of the state capital of

Adelaide Adelaide ( , ; ) is the list of Australian capital cities, capital and most populous city of South Australia, as well as the list of cities in Australia by population, fifth-most populous city in Australia. The name "Adelaide" may refer to ei ...

. The largest town of the Peninsula, Kadina is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famous for their shared

copper mining Copper extraction is the multi-stage process of obtaining copper from list of copper ores, its ores. The conversion of copper ores consists of a series of physical, chemical, and electrochemical processes. Methods have evolved and vary with coun ...

history. The three towns are known as "Little Cornwall" for the significant number of immigrants from

Cornwall Cornwall (; or ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is also one of the Celtic nations and the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, ...

who worked at the mines in the late 19th century. Kadina's surrounds form an important agricultural base for the region, and are used for growing cereal crops. Kadina used to be a mining town but now the majority of Kadina's land is used for farming.

Description

Kadina is about north-east of Moonta and east of the port town of Wallaroo. There are 6 suburbs making up Kadina's township, each being a distinct historic locality or hamlet. These are:

Jericho Jericho ( ; , ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and the capital of the Jericho Governorate. Jericho is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. It had a population of 20,907 in 2017. F ...

Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...

, Matta Flat,

New Town New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz (South Korean band), The Boyz * New (album), ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 ** New (Paul McCartney song), "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013 * New (EP), ''New'' (EP), ...

and Wallaroo Mines as well as central Kadina itself. Kadina East was previously a gazetted suburb east of Kadina's centre, later merged into Kadina itself.

History

Aboriginal

The Narungga are the group of

Indigenous Australians Indigenous Australians are people with familial heritage from, or recognised membership of, the various ethnic groups living within the territory of contemporary Australia prior to History of Australia (1788–1850), British colonisation. The ...

whose traditional lands include what is now termed

. The name "Kadina" is thought to be derived from ''Kadiyinya'', a Narungga word meaning 'Lizard Plain'.

European

Copper was discovered at Wallaroo Mines in 1859 and adjacent land north east of the site was surveyed in 1861 to house miners and became the Government Town of Kadina. Exceptional amounts of copper were found in the following years. Copper was also found in large amounts at the nearby Matta Mine and Doora Mine. The copper mines attracted many highly experienced Cornish miners to Kadina. In 1862, the Hundred of Wallaroo and Hundred of Kadina were proclaimed in order to allow parcels of land to be sold in the vicinity of the copper mines. In the same year a horse-drawn railway from Kadina to the port at Wallaroo, west of the town, was opened. Further lines connecting Kadina to Port Wakefield, to the southeast, and

Bute Bute or BUTE may refer to: People * Marquess of Bute, a title in the Peerage of Great Britain; includes lists of baronets, earls and marquesses of Bute * Lord of Bute, a title in medieval Scotland, including a list of lords * Lucian Bute (born ...

, to the northeast ( Kadina-Brinkworth railway line), opened in 1878 and 1879, respectively. In 1872 Kadina became a municipality by establishment of the Corporate Town of Kadina. By 1875, the population had increased to 20,000, mostly composed of Cornish miners. In 1907 the adjacent Government Town of Kadina East was surveyed west of Eliza Terrace to cope with the need to house the growing population of the town. Mining at Kadina ceased completely in 1938, and the rail lines fell into disuse and were closed in 1989.

Heritage listings

Kadina has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: * Drain Road: Kadina Cemetery * 36-38 Taylor Street: Humphries Barber Shop * 51 Taylor Street: Kadina Town Hall

Geography and climate

Kadina has a

semi-arid climate A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of se ...

( Köppen: BSk), with moderately hot, dry summers and cool, wetter winters. The town is above Goyder's Line, and is surrounded by mallee scrub. It is located inland and above sea level. Temperatures vary throughout the year, with average maxima ranging from in January to in July, and average minima fluctuating between in February and in July. Annual precipitation is rather low, averaging between 92.3 precipitation days. There are 122.3 clear days and 102.6 cloudy days annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from on 24 January 2019 to on 30 August 2019. Extremes were combined from the closed Kadina weather station and the current Kadina AWS station.

Governance

Kadina is located within the local government area of the Copper Coast Council, which was formed in 1997. The Copper Coast Council replaced the District Council of Kadina, which existed from 1888 to 1984, and the District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula. The Corporate Town of Kadina, which had existed since 1872, was previously merged into the District Council of Kadina in 1977. Kadina is part of the federal

division of Grey The Division of Grey is an Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives, Australian electoral division in South Australia. The division was one of the seven established when the former Division of South Australia was redistributed on 2 ...

and lies within the state

electoral district of Narungga Narungga is a single-member Electoral districts of South Australia, electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. It was created by the redistribution of 2016, and was contested for the first time at the 2018 South Australian sta ...

Local economy

Mining

Kadina was once chiefly a copper mining town with the Wallaroo Mines being south-westerly adjacent to the township. Since the closure of the mine in the 1920s, agriculture has been the dominant local industry.

Broadacre cropping

Kadina is surrounded by lands used for broadacre cereal cropping. Staples such as

barley Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikele ...

wheat Wheat is a group of wild and crop domestication, domesticated Poaceae, grasses of the genus ''Triticum'' (). They are Agriculture, cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known Taxonomy of wheat, whe ...

as well as various oilseeds and legumes like

canola file:CanolaBlooms.JPG, Close-up of canola blooms file:Canola Flower.jpg, Canola flower Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils. There are both Edible oil, edible and industrial forms produced from rapeseed, the seed of several ...

chickpeas The chickpea or chick pea (''Cicer arietinum'') is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram," Bengal gram, garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egypt ...

and field peas are commonly grown in the area. Barley and wheat from the region is considered to be some of the best in the world.

Tourism

The town today consists of important historical colonial and federation buildings gathered around Victoria Square. Kadina also contains the Farm Shed Museum & Tourism Centre (Kadina Heritage Museum) and remnants of the Wallaroo Mines. Kernewek Lowender, a Cornish festival, is held every odd year in May in Kadina (as well as Moonta and Wallaroo, with each location hosting the festival for one day). Kadina and its surrounds benefit generally from the tourism throughout the Copper Triangle and has experienced general growth due throughout the 2000s and 2010s due to the Copper Cove housing development at Wallaroo.

Transport

The Copper Coast Highway passes through Kadina. The town was formerly the Junction of the now disused Balaklava–Moonta railway line with the Kadina–Brinkworth line. Both of these lines closed to regular service in 1993, with the Wallaroo to Kadina section of former converted to a

rail trail A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a Right of way#Rail right of way, railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed but may also share the rail corr ...

in 2009. Nearby Kadina Airport caters to small private aircraft and emergency services.

Media

The town serves as the base for local radio station Gulf FM, broadcasting at 89.3 FM. The '' Yorke Peninsula Country Times'' newspaper is based in Kadina.

Notable people

* Oliver Badman (1885–1977), politician * Richard Champion (b. 1968), former AFL footballer * Lynton Crosby (b.1957), political strategist *

John Olsen John Wayne Olsen AO (born 7 June 1945) is an Australian politician, diplomat and football commissioner. He was Premier of South Australia between 28 November 1996 and 22 October 2001. He is now President of the Federal Liberal Party, Chairma ...

(b. 1945), former South Australian Premier and South Australian Federal Senator * Rex Pearson (1905–1961), politician *

Steve Prestwich Steven William Prestwich (5 March 195416 January 2011) was an English-born Australian drummer, guitarist, singer and songwriter. After relocating from Liverpool, Prestwich was the founding and long-term drummer for the band Cold Chisel, which for ...

(1954–2011), musician * Cameron Sutcliffe (b.1992), AFL Footballer * Horace Wilson (1864–1923), cricketer * Leslie Heath (1902–1957), politician

Gallery

File:Kadina-Wallaroo-aerial-view-1220.jpg, Aerial view of Kadina (centre, inland), looking west toward

Spencer Gulf The Spencer Gulf is the westernmost and larger of two large inlets (the other being Gulf St Vincent) on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. It spans from the Cape Catastrophe an ...

File:Wallaroo miners 1900.jpg, Miners, 1900 File:Australia Copper City Brass Band, Kadina, 1907.jpg, Copper City Brass Band, 1907 File:Kadina1.JPG, Shops in Graves Street, Kadina File:Kadina3.JPG, Banking & Currency Museum File:Kadina-snails-climb-fence-0716.jpg, Introduced snails

References

External links

Yorke Peninsula websiteYorke Peninsula: KadinaCopper Coast Council: Kadina
{{authority control Cornish-Australian culture Mining towns in South Australia 1861 establishments in Australia