Kabarett (; from French ''cabaret'' =

tavern A tavern is a type of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food such as different types of roast meats and cheese, and (mostly historically) where travelers would receive lodging. An inn is a tavern that ...

) is satirical

revue A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatre, theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance, and sketch comedy, sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century popular entertainment and melodrama but grew into a substantial cultural pre ...

, a form of

cabaret Cabaret is a form of theatrical entertainment featuring music song, dance, recitation, or drama. The performance venue might be a pub, casino, hotel, restaurant, or nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or drinking, ...

which was developed in France by

Rodolphe Salis Louis Rodolphe Salis (29 May 1851 – 20 March 1897) was the creator, host and owner of the ('The Black Cat') cabaret (known briefly in 1881 at its beginning as ) in the Montmartre district of Paris. With this establishment, Salis is remembered ...

in 1881 as the ''cabaret artistique''. It was named

Le Chat Noir (; French for "The Black Cat") was a 19th century entertainment establishment in the Montmartre district of Paris. It was opened on 18 November 1881 at 84 Boulevard de Rochechouart by impresario Rodolphe Salis, and closed in 1897 not long ...

and was centered on political events and satire. It later inspired creation of Kabarett venues in Germany from 1901, with the creation of Berlin's

Überbrettl Überbrettl ( ''über, super-cabaret'') was the first venue in German Empire, Germany for literary cabaret, or Kabarett, founded 1901 in Berlin by Ernst von Wolzogen. The German Kabarett concept was imported from French Third Republic, French venue ...

venue and in Austria with the creation of the Jung-Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin housed in the

Theater an der Wien The is a historic theatre in Vienna located on the Left Wienzeile in the Mariahilf district. Completed in 1801, the theatre has hosted the premieres of many celebrated works of theatre, opera, and symphonic music. Since 2006, it has served prim ...

. By the

Weimar era The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was the German state from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as ...

in the mid-1920s it was characterized by

political satire Political satire is a type of satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics. Political satire can also act as a tool for advancing political arguments in conditions where political speech and dissent are banned. Political satir ...

and

gallows humor Black comedy, also known as black humor, bleak comedy, dark comedy, dark humor, gallows humor or morbid humor, is a style of comedy that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo, particularly subjects that are normally ...

. It shared the characteristic atmosphere of intimacy with the French cabaret from which it was imported, but the gallows humor was a distinct German aspect.

Difference from other forms

Kabarett is the German word for the French word ''

'' but has two different meanings. The first meaning is the same as in English, describing a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre (often the word "cabaret" is used in German for this as well to distinguish this form). The latter describes a kind of

. Unlike comedians who make fun of all kinds of things, Kabarett artists () pride themselves as dedicated almost completely to political and social topics of more serious nature which they criticize using techniques like cynicism,

sarcasm Sarcasm is the caustic use of words, often in a humorous way, to mock someone or something. Sarcasm may employ ambivalence, although it is not necessarily ironic. Most noticeable in spoken word, sarcasm is mainly distinguished by the inflectio ...

and

irony Irony, in its broadest sense, is the juxtaposition of what, on the surface, appears to be the case with what is actually or expected to be the case. Originally a rhetorical device and literary technique, in modernity, modern times irony has a ...

.(1997
''The new encyclopaedia Britannica''
Volume 2, p.702 quote:

History

The first Kabarett venue was the

in France, founded in 1880 by

. It later inspired similar venues in Germany and Austria such as the "

", the first Kabarett venue (Berlin, 1901) in Germany and the "Jung-Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin" in

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

Ernst von Wolzogen Ernst von Wolzogen (23 April 1855 – 30 August 1934) was a cultural critic, a writer and a founder of Cabaret in Germany. Biography Wolzogen came from a noble Austrian family; he studied Literature, Philosophy, and the history of art in Strasb ...

founded in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

the first German cabaret called ''Überbrettl'' (literally ''Superstage'', a play of words on

Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher. He began his career as a classical philology, classical philologist, turning to philosophy early in his academic career. In 1869, aged 24, Nietzsche bec ...

's ''

Übermensch The ( , ; 'Overman' or 'Superman') is a concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. In his 1883 book, '' Thus Spoke Zarathustra'' (), Nietzsche has his character Zarathustra posit the as a goal for humanity to set for itself. The repre ...

'', ''Superman''), later known as ''Buntes Theater'' (colourful theatre), in January 1901. In the foundation of the ''Überbrettl '', von Wolzogen was inspired by

Otto Julius Bierbaum Otto Julius Bierbaum (28 June 1865 – 1 February 1910) was a German writer. Bierbaum was born in Grünberg, Silesia. After studying in Leipzig, he became a journalist and editor for the journals ''Die freie Bühne'', ''Pan'' and '' Die Insel'' ...

's 1897 novel ''Stilpe''. In

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

, the ''Die Elf Scharfrichter'' was co-founded by

Otto Falckenberg Otto Falckenberg (5 October 1873 in Koblenz25 December 1947 in Munich) was a German theatre director, manager and writer. In April 1901, he co-founded ''Die Elf Scharfrichter'', the first political ''kabarett'' (a form of cabaret which developed ...

and others, in April 1901. It is sometimes considered the first political ''kabarett''. Kabarett rohrstock

All forms of public criticism were banned by a censor on theatres in the

German Empire The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...

, however. This was lifted at the end of the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, allowing the kabarett artists to deal with social themes and political developments of the time. This meant that German kabarett really began to blossom in the 1920s and 1930s, bringing forth all kinds of new cabaret artists, such as

Werner Finck Werner Finck (2 May 1902 – 31 July 1978) was a German ''Kabarett'' comedian, actor and author. Not politically motivated by his own admission but just a "convinced individualist", he became one of Germany's leading cabaret artists under the co ...

at the ''Katakombe'',

Karl Valentin Karl Valentin (, born Valentin Ludwig Fey; 4 June 1882 – 9 February 1948) was a Bavarian comedian. He had significant influence on German Weimar culture. Valentin starred in many silent films in the 1920s, and was sometimes called the "Cha ...

(died 1948) at the ''Wien-München'',

Fritz Grünbaum Franz Friedrich "Fritz" Grünbaum (7 April 1880 – 14 January 1941) was an History of the Jews in Austria, Austrian Jewish cabaret artist, operetta and Schlager music, popular song writer, actor, and master of ceremonies whose art collection wa ...

and

Karl Farkas Karl Farkas (28 October 1893 – 16 May 1971) was an Austrian actor and cabaret performer. Biography In accordance with the wishes of his parents, he was to study law, but decided to follow the call of the stage. After attending the Academy of ...

at the Kabarett ''Simpl'' in Vienna, and

Claire Waldoff Claire Waldoff (21 October 1884 – 22 January 1957), born Clara Wortmann, was a German singer. She was a famous kabarett singer and entertainer in Berlin during the 1910s to the 1930s, chiefly known for performing ironic songs in the Berlin dial ...

. Some of their texts were written by great literary figures such as

Kurt Tucholsky Kurt Tucholsky (; 9 January 1890 – 21 December 1935) was a German journalist, satire, satirist, and writer. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Kaspar Hauser (after the Kaspar Hauser, historical figure), Peter Panter, Theobald Tiger and Ignaz Wr ...

Erich Kästner Emil Erich Kästner (; 23 February 1899 – 29 July 1974) was a German writer, poet, screenwriter and satirist, known primarily for his humorous, socially astute poems and for children's books including ''Emil and the Detectives'' and '' Lisa an ...

, and

Klaus Mann Klaus Heinrich Thomas Mann (18 November 1906 – 21 May 1949) was a German writer and dissident. He was the son of Thomas Mann, a nephew of Heinrich Mann and brother of Erika Mann (with whom he maintained a lifelong close relationship) and Go ...

. When the

Nazi party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...

came to power in 1933, they started to repress this intellectual criticism of the times. Kabarett in Germany was hit badly. (

Kander and Ebb Kander and Ebb were a highly successful American songwriting team consisting of composer John Kander (born March 18, 1927) and lyricist Fred Ebb (April 8, 1928 – September 11, 2004). Known primarily for their stage musical theatre, musicals, whi ...

's Broadway musical, ''

Cabaret Cabaret is a form of theatrical entertainment featuring music song, dance, recitation, or drama. The performance venue might be a pub, casino, hotel, restaurant, or nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or drinking, ...

'', based on the

Christopher Isherwood Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood (26 August 1904 – 4 January 1986) was an Anglo-American novelist, playwright, screenwriter, autobiographer, and diarist. His best-known works include '' Goodbye to Berlin'' (1939), a semi-autobiographical ...

novel,

Goodbye to Berlin ''Goodbye to Berlin'' is a 1939 novel by Anglo-American writer Christopher Isherwood set during the waning days of the Weimar Republic. The novel recounts Isherwood's 1929–1932 sojourn as a pleasure-seeking British expatriate on the eve of Ado ...

, deals with this period.) In 1935

was briefly imprisoned and sent to a

concentration camp A concentration camp is a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or ethnic minority groups, on the grounds of national security, or for exploitati ...

; at the end of that year Kurt Tucholsky committed suicide; and nearly all German-speaking kabarett artists fled into exile in Switzerland, France, Scandinavia, or the United States. When the war ended, the occupying powers ensured that the kabarett portrayed the horrors of the

Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

regime. Soon, various kabarett shows were also dealing with the government, the

Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...

and the ''

Wirtschaftswunder The ''Wirtschaftswunder'' (, "economic miracle"), also known as the Miracle on the Rhine, was the rapid reconstruction and development of the Economy, economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II. The expression was first used to re ...

'': Cabaret Ulenspiegel in

, the university cabaret ''Tol(l)leranten'' in

Mainz Mainz (; #Names and etymology, see below) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and with around 223,000 inhabitants, it is List of cities in Germany by population, Germany's 35th-largest city. It lies in ...

,Hans Dieter Hüsch biography
hüsch.org Retrieved 24 January 2012 the ''

Kom(m)ödchen The Kom(m)ödchen is a cabaret stage in Düsseldorf. The Kom(m)ödchen was created in 1947 as a political-literary cabaret by Kay Lorentz, Kay and Lore Lorentz. Other participants in the initial program ''"Positiv dagegen"'', which had its premiere ...

'' in

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...

and the

Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft The Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft (; Munich laughing and shooting company) is a German political ''kabarett'' (satirical revue) that runs at its own theatre in Schwabing, Munich. It was founded in 1956 by journalist Sammy Drechsel and ...

. These were followed in the 1950s by television cabaret. In the

GDR East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally vie ...

, the first state kabarett stage was opened in 1953,

's ''Die Distel''. It was censored and had to be very careful in criticizing the state (1954: ''Die Pfeffermühle'' in

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

). In the 1960s, West German kabarett was centred on

, and

. At the end of the decade, the students' movement of May 1968 split opinion on the genre as some old kabarett artists were booed off the stage for being part of the old establishment. In the 1970s, new forms of kabarett developed, such as the television show ''

Notizen aus der Provinz ''Notizen aus der Provinz'' (German for "News From the Province") is a political cabaret program that was hosted by Dieter Hildebrandt and broadcast by ZDF from 1973 to 1979. After its cancellation, it would be the last such program on the chan ...

''. At the end of the 1980s, kabarett was an important part of social criticism, with a minor boom at the time of

German reunification German reunification () was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single sovereign state, which began on 9 November 1989 and culminated on 3 October 1990 with the dissolution of the East Germany, German Democratic Republic and the int ...

. In eastern Germany, kabarett artists had been growing more and more daring in their criticism of politicians in the time leading up to 1989. After reunification, new social problems, such as mass unemployment, the privatization of companies, and rapid changes in society, meant that cabarets rose in number.

Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...

, for example, gained two new cabarets alongside the popular ''Herkuleskeule''. In the 1990s and at the start of the new millennium, the television and film comedy boom and a lessening of public interest in politics meant that television kabarett audiences in Germany dropped. In order to increase interest again the Walk of Fame of Cabaret in Mainz is honoring selected cabaret celebrities; many past cabaret celebrities are honored by stars and each year a star for a living one is added. As of 1999, contemporary active political kabarettists and satirists in Germany include: Urban Priol, Thomas Reis, Arnulf Rating, Heinrich Pachl, 3 Gestirn Köln 1,

Bruno Jonas Bruno Jonas (born in Passau, Germany, on 3 December 1952) is a German Kabarett artist and actor. Education Many people predicted he would become a priest, but he prefers to pray from the Kabarett stage. Between 1975 and 1982, he studied German, ...

Richard Rogler Richard Rogler (19 September 1949 – 11 August 2024) was a German Kabarett artist and professor of Kabarett at the University of the Arts in Berlin. Early life Rogler studied French and sport at the University of Würzburg. From 1974 to 1978 h ...

Mathias Richling Mathias Richling (born 24 March 1953 in Waiblingen) is a German actor, author, comedian and Kabarett artist. Richling studied literature, music and theatre. From 1989 to 1996 he had a program called ''Jetzt schlägt's Richling'' on the German TV ...

Dieter Hildebrandt Dieter Hildebrandt (23 May 1927 – 20 November 2013) was a German Kabarett artist. Biography Hildebrandt was born in Bunzlau, Lower Silesia, Weimar Germany (now Boleslawiec, Poland) where he attended school. In World War II he became a Fla ...

(died 2013), Henning Venske, Matthias Beltz (died 2002), Matthias Deutschmann and Volker Pispers.Pispers, Volker (1999) ''Damit müssen Sie rechnen'', Teil 1, pp. 9–10, in ''Gefühlte Wirklichkeiten'' (2001)

Other notable Kabarett artists

*Willy Astor * Jürgen Becker *Konrad Beikircher *Martin Betz *

Gerhard Bronner Gerhard Bronner (23 October 1922 in Favoriten, Vienna – 19 January 2007 in Vienna) was an Austrian composer, writer, musician and a cabaret artist, known for his contribution to Austrian culture in the post-World War II period. Life Born to ...

, died 2007 *

Karl Dall Karl Bernhard Dall (, 1 February 1941 – 23 November 2020) was a German comedian, singer, and television presenter. His distinctive 'hanging' eye was caused by a congenital ptosis. Family Karl Dall was born in Emden, the son of a scho ...

, died 2020 *

Alfred Dorfer Alfred Dorfer (; 11 October 1961) is an Austrian comedian, writer, and actor. He is one of the most well-known cabaret artists and comedians in Austria, not least due to his commitment to numerous Austrian film productions. After initial success ...

* Gerd Dudenhöffer *

Max Ehrlich Max Michaelis Ehrlich (7 December 1892 – 1 October 1944) was a German Jewish actor, screenwriter, and director on the German theater, comedy and cabaret scene of the 1930s. Ehrlich began his career in the 1920s at various theatres, including ...

, died 1944 *

, died 1971 *

Ottfried Fischer Ottfried Fischer (; born 7 November 1953) is a retired German actor and Kabarett artist best known for his role as Benno Berghammer in the popular German TV series ''Der Bulle von Tölz''. He is a supporter of the Social Democratic Party of Germa ...

*Lisa Fitz *

Egon Friedell Egon Friedell (born Egon Friedmann; 21 January 1878, Vienna – 16 March 1938, Vienna) was a prominent Austrian cultural historian, playwright, actor and Kabarett performer, journalist and theatre critic. Friedell has been described as a polyma ...

, died 1938 *Andreas Giebel *Rainald Grebe *

Christoph Grissemann Stermann & Grissemann are an Austrian German comedy duo comprising Dirk Stermann and Christoph Grissemann. Background Dirk Stermann Dirk Stermann (born 7 December 1965 in Duisburg) hails from Germany and is a German radio and television prese ...

, died 1941 *Günter Grünwald *

Josef Hader Josef Hader (born 14 February 1962) is an Austrians, Austrian stand-up comedian, actor and filmmaker. Life and career Hader was born in Waldhausen im Strudengau, Upper Austria and grew up in Nöchling in Lower Austria where he attended the Stif ...

Dieter Hallervorden Dieter "Didi" Hallervorden (born 5 September 1935) is a German actor, comedian, cabaret artist and singer. He achieved great popularity in German-speaking countries in the mid-1970s with the slapstick series ''Nonstop Nonsens'' and his characte ...

* Peter Hammerschlag, died 1942 *

Eckart von Hirschhausen Eckart Axel von Hirschhausen (born 25 August 1967) is a German physician, talk show host, comedian, author, and journalist. Academic career Born in Frankfurt, von Hirschhausen studied medicine, supported by a scholarship from the Studienstift ...

Franz Hohler Franz Hohler (born 1 March 1943) is a Swiss author and cabaret performer based in Zürich. Life Hohler is the author of one-man programs and satirical programs for television and radio. He has written theater pieces, children's books, stori ...

Jörg Hube Jörg Hube (22 November 1943 – 19 June 2009) was a German actor and director. He died of cancer. He was buried at the Winthir Cemetery in Munich. His estate has been cared for since 2011 at the Munich literary archive Monacensia, which als ...

, died 2009 *

Hanns Dieter Hüsch Hanns Dieter Hüsch (6 May 1925, in Moers – 6 December 2005, in Windeck-Werfen) was a German author, cabaret artist, actor, songwriter and radio commentator. With a working life of more than 53 years on the German cabaret stage and 70 of his ...

, died 2005 *

Georg Kreisler Georg Kreisler (18 July 1922 – 22 November 2011) was an Austrian–American Viennese-language cabarettist, satirist, composer, and author. He was particularly popular in the 1950s and 1960s. From 2007 he lived in Salzburg, Austria, with his fo ...

, died 2011 *Reiner Kröhnert *

Maren Kroymann Maren Kroymann (; born 19 July 1949) is a German actress, comedian and singer. Career Kroymann was born in Walsrode. She studied English, Roman studies, and American studies at University of Tübingen. After spending time in Paris and the ...

*Frank Lüdecke * Uwe Lyko *Rolf Miller *

Wolfgang Neuss Wolfgang Neuss (3 December 1923 – 5 May 1989) was a German actor and Kabarett artist. Wolfgang Neuss and (1922–1960) were a popular double act. Beginning in the mid-1960s, Neuss also became famous for his political engagement, first for ...

, died 1989 * Maria Ney, died 1959 *

Michael Niavarani Michael Niavarani (born April 29, 1968 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian-Persian stand-up comedian in the tradition of Austrian cabaret, an author, and a TV and movie actor. Niavarani, whose comedic work often draws on his inter-cultural upbringi ...

Dieter Nuhr Dieter Herbert Nuhr (born 29 October 1960) is a German kabarett artist, comedian, author and television presenter. Nuhr's stage program ''nuhr in Berlin'' (the title is a pun; for explanation, see below) is the first German stand-up comedy whic ...

*Günther Paal *Rainer Pause *

Erwin Pelzig Frank-Markus Barwasser (born 16 February 1960 in Würzburg) is a German political satirist and journalist. On stage, he almost always acts as the character of Erwin Pelzig, wearing a corduroy hat. Barwasser grew up in Würzburg, Lower Franconia ...

*Sissi Perlinger *

Gerhard Polt Gerhard Polt (born 7 May 1942 in Munich) is a German writer, filmmaker, actor and satirical cabaret artist from Bavaria. Gerhard Polt's main topics are Bavarian people, culture and politics. On stage he often plays the role of an ignorant Bav ...

Andreas Rebers Andreas Rebers (born 7 January 1958) is a Kabarett artist, author and musician from Munich. His shows often incorporate performances on the accordion or the piano. Early life Rebers was born in Westerbrak in Lower Saxony. By the age of 15, Rebe ...

Lukas Resetarits Lukas Resetarits (born 14 October 1947, in Stinatz) is an Austrian comedic artist ("Kabarett", which is an Austrian type of comedian in a tradition heavily influenced by Karl Farkas, not to be confused with cabaret) and actor, best known for play ...

Hagen Rether Hagen Rether (born 8 October 1969 in Bucharest) is a Romanian-born German political cabaret artist and musician. The most remarkable features in his performance are usually the presence and use of a grand piano. He was a frequent contributor to ...

*Helmut Schleich * Wilfried Schmickler *

Werner Schneyder Werner Schneyder (25 January 1937 – 2 March 2019) was an Austrian kabarett performer, journalist, writer, actor, stage director, television presenter and sports reporter. He performed political kabarett with Dieter Hildebrandt from 1974 to 19 ...

, died 2019 *

Georg Schramm Georg Schramm (born 11 March 1949) is a German Kabarett artist. He was a host of the Kabarett shows ''Scheibenwischer'' and '' Neues aus der Anstalt''. Biography Schramm was born in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. His father was a member of the Soc ...

*Horst Schroth *Serdar Somuncu * Emil Steinberger *

Dirk Stermann Stermann & Grissemann are an Austrian German comedy duo comprising Dirk Stermann and Christoph Grissemann. Background Dirk Stermann Dirk Stermann (born 7 December 1965 in Duisburg) hails from Germany and is a German radio and television prese ...

*Ludger Stratmann *

Brother Theodore Theodore Isidore Gottlieb (November 11, 1906 – April 5, 2001), mostly known as Brother Theodore, was a German-born American actor and comedian known for rambling, stream-of-consciousness monologues which he called "stand-up tragedy". His st ...

*Mathias Tretter *Max Uthoff * Claus von Wagner *Bodo Wartke *Sigi Zimmerschied

Notable Kabarett shows and venues

*''Cabaret Ulenspiegel'' (

) *''Herkuleskeule'' (

) *''

'' (

) *''Mitternachtsspitzen'' (

Cologne Cologne ( ; ; ) is the largest city of the States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city pr ...

) *''Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft'' (

) *''

Neues aus der Anstalt ( English: "News from the (Mental) Institute") is a political cabaret program on German television station ZDF, hosted by Urban Priol and Frank-Markus Barwasser, who replaced Georg Schramm. Broadcast monthly from 2007 to 2013, it usually feat ...

'' *''

'' *'' Pantheon-Theater'' (

Bonn Bonn () is a federal city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located on the banks of the Rhine. With a population exceeding 300,000, it lies about south-southeast of Cologne, in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region. This ...

) *''

Scheibenwischer (German language, German for ''windshield wipers'') was the name of a long-running Germany, German Kabarett show. It was founded in 1980 by Dieter Hildebrandt and produced by Bayerischer Rundfunk, BR / Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg, RBB to be broa ...

'' *' (

) *''Tol(l)leranten'' (

)

Difference from other forms

History

Other notable Kabarett artists

Notable Kabarett shows and venues

See also

References

Further reading