Events
Pre-1600
*
AD 64
AD 64 ( LXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 64th Year of the Anno Domini designation, the 64th year of the 1st millennium, the 64th year of the 1st century, and the 4th yea ...
– The
Great Fire of Rome
The Great Fire of Rome ( la, incendium magnum Romae) occurred in July AD 64. The fire began in the merchant shops around Rome's chariot stadium, Circus Maximus, on the night of 19 July. After six days, the fire was brought under control, but before ...
causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
*
484 –
Leontius
Leontius ( el, Λεόντιος, Leóntios; – 15 February 706), was Byzantine emperor from 695 to 698. Little is known of his early life, other than that he was born in Isauria in Asia Minor. He was given the title of ''patrikios'', and ma ...
, Roman
usurper
A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy. In other words, one who takes the power of a country, city, or established region for oneself, without any formal or legal right to claim it as ...
, is crowned Eastern emperor at
Tarsus (modern
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
). He is recognized in
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ� ...
and makes it his capital.
*
711 711 may refer to:
* 711 (number), a natural number
* AD 711, a year of the 8th century AD
* 711 BC, a year of the 8th century BC
* 7-1-1, the telephone number of the Telecommunications Relay Service in the United States and Canada
* 7-Eleven, a cha ...
–
Umayyad conquest of Hispania
The Umayyad conquest of Hispania, also known as the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom, was the initial expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania (in the Iberian Peninsula) from 711 to 718. The conquest resulted in the decline of t ...
:
Battle of Guadalete:
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
forces under
Tariq ibn Ziyad
Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād ( ar, طارق بن زياد), also known simply as Tarik in English, was a Berber commander who served the Umayyad Caliphate and initiated the Muslim Umayyad conquest of Visigothic Hispania (present-day Spain and Portugal) ...
defeat the
Visigoths
The Visigoths (; la, Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were an early Germanic people who, along with the Ostrogoths, constituted the two major political entities of the Goths within the Roman Empire in late antiquity, or what is ...
led by King
Roderic.
*
939 –
Battle of Simancas
The Battle of Simancas (also called Alhandega or al-Khandaq) was a military battle that started on 19 July 939 in the Iberian Peninsula between the troops of the King of León Ramiro II and Cordovan caliph Abd al-Rahman III near the walls of ...
: King
Ramiro II of León
Ramiro II (c. 900 – 1 January 951), son of Ordoño II and Elvira Menendez, was a King of León from 931 until his death. Initially titular king only of a lesser part of the kingdom, he gained the crown of León (and with it, Galicia) after su ...
defeats the
Moorish
The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.
Moors are not a distinct or se ...
army under Caliph
Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of
Simancas
Simancas is a town and municipality of central Spain, located in the province of Valladolid, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is situated approximately 10 km southwest of the provincial capital Valladolid, on the ro ...
.
*
998
Year 998 ( CMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Spring – Otto III retakes Rome and restores power in the papal city. Crescenti ...
–
Arab–Byzantine wars
The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of wars between a number of Muslim Arab dynasties and the Byzantine Empire between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. Conflict started during the initial Muslim conquests, under the expansionist Rashidun an ...
:
Battle of Apamea:
Fatimids defeat a
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
army near
Apamea
Apamea or Apameia ( grc, Απάμεια) is the name of several Hellenistic cities in western Asia, after Apama, the Sogdian wife of Seleucus I Nicator, several of which are also former bishoprics and Catholic titular see.
Places called Apamea in ...
.
*
1333 –
Wars of Scottish Independence
The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of ...
:
Battle of Halidon Hill
The Battle of Halidon Hill took place on 19 July 1333 when a Scottish army under Sir Archibald Douglas attacked an English army commanded by King Edward III of England () and was heavily defeated. The year before, Edward Balliol had seize ...
: The English win a decisive victory over the
Scots.
*
1544 –
Italian War of 1542–46
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
: The first
Siege of Boulogne begins.
*
1545 – The
Tudor warship ''
Mary Rose
The ''Mary Rose'' (launched 1511) is a carrack-type warship of the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII. She served for 33 years in several wars against France, Scotland, and Brittany. After being substantially rebuilt in 1536, she saw her ...
'' sinks off
Portsmouth
Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council.
Portsmouth is the most dens ...
; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
*
1553 – The attempt to install
Lady Jane Grey as
Queen of England collapses after only nine days.
*
1588
__NOTOC__
Events
January–June
* February – The Sinhalese abandon the siege of Colombo, capital of Portuguese Ceylon.
* February 9 – The sudden death of Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, in the midst of pr ...
–
Anglo-Spanish War:
Battle of Gravelines: The
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada (a.k.a. the Enterprise of England, es, Grande y Felicísima Armada, links=no, lit=Great and Most Fortunate Navy) was a Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588, commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, an aris ...
is sighted in the
English Channel
The English Channel, "The Sleeve"; nrf, la Maunche, "The Sleeve" (Cotentinais) or ( Jèrriais), (Guernésiais), "The Channel"; br, Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; cy, Môr Udd, "Lord's Sea"; kw, Mor Bretannek, "British Sea"; nl, Het Kana ...
.
1601–1900
*
1701 – Representatives of the
Iroquois Confederacy sign the
Nanfan Treaty
Deed from the Five Nations to the King, of their Beaver Hunting Ground, more commonly known as the Nanfan Treaty, was an agreement made between the representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy with John Nanfan, the acting colonial governor of New ...
, ceding a large territory north of the
Ohio River
The Ohio River is a long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illino ...
to
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
.
*
1702 –
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swed ...
: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of
Augustus II the Strong
Augustus II; german: August der Starke; lt, Augustas II; in Saxony also known as Frederick Augustus I – Friedrich August I (12 May 16701 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as K ...
, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King
Charles XII
Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII ( sv, Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of ...
in the
Battle of Klissow.
*
1817 – Unsuccessful in his
attempt to conquer the
Kingdom of Hawaii
The Hawaiian Kingdom, or Kingdom of Hawaiʻi ( Hawaiian: ''Ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina''), was a sovereign state located in the Hawaiian Islands. The country was formed in 1795, when the warrior chief Kamehameha the Great, of the independent island ...
for the
Russian-American Company
The Russian-American Company Under the High Patronage of His Imperial Majesty (russian: Под высочайшим Его Императорского Величества покровительством Российская-Американс� ...
,
Georg Anton Schäffer
Georg Anton Schäffer (rarely russified as ''Yegor Nikolayevich'' or ''Egor Antonovich'' ''Sheffer''; ''von Schaeffer'' in Portuguese sources; 27 January 1779 – 1836) was a German physician in the employ of the Russian-American Company who ...
is forced to admit defeat and leave
Kauai.
*
1821 – Coronation of
George IV of the United Kingdom
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten y ...
.
*
1832 – The
British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir
Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the
Worcester
Worcester may refer to:
Places United Kingdom
* Worcester, England, a city and the county town of Worcestershire in England
** Worcester (UK Parliament constituency), an area represented by a Member of Parliament
* Worcester Park, London, Engla ...
Infirmary.
*
1843 –
Brunel's steamship
A steamship, often referred to as a steamer, is a type of steam-powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically move (turn) propellers or paddlewheels. The first steamships ...
the is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull and
screw propeller
A propeller (colloquially often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon ...
, becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
*
1845 –
Great New York City Fire of 1845
The Great New York City Fire of 1845 broke out on July 19, 1845, in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The fire started in a whale oil and candle manufacturing establishment and quickly spread to other wooden structures. It reached a warehouse on ...
: The last great fire to affect
Manhattan
Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
begins early in the morning and is subdued that afternoon. The fire kills four firefighters and 26 civilians and destroys 345 buildings.
*
1848 –
Women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, ...
: A two-day
Women's Rights Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman".Wellman, 2004, p. 189 Held in the Wesleyan Methodist Church ...
opens in
Seneca Falls, New York
Seneca Falls is a town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 8,942 at the 2020 census.
The Town of Seneca Falls contains the former village also called Seneca Falls. The town is east of Geneva, New York, in the nor ...
.
*
1863 –
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...
:
Morgan's Raid
Morgan's Raid was a diversionary incursion by Confederate cavalry into the Union states of Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and West Virginia during the American Civil War. The raid took place from June 11 to July 26, 1863, and is named for the command ...
: At
Buffington Island
Buffington Island is an island in the Ohio River in Jackson County, West Virginia near the town of Ravenswood, United States, east of Racine, Ohio. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Buffington Island took place on July 19, 1863, just ...
in
Ohio
Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...
,
Confederate
Confederacy or confederate may refer to:
States or communities
* Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities
* Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between 1 ...
General
John Hunt Morgan
John Hunt Morgan (June 1, 1825 – September 4, 1864) was an American soldier who served as a Confederate general in the American Civil War of 1861–1865.
In April 1862, Morgan raised the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry Regiment (CSA) and fought in ...
's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are
captured while trying to escape across the
Ohio River
The Ohio River is a long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illino ...
.
*
1864 –
Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion, also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion and civil war that was waged in China between the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Han, Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. It laste ...
:
Third Battle of Nanking
The Third Battle of Nanking in 1864 was the last major engagement of the Taiping Rebellion in the Qing Empire. With the fall of Nanking (now spelled Nanjing), the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the rebellion came to an end. The Hunan ...
: The
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
finally defeats the
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, later shortened to the Heavenly Kingdom or Heavenly Dynasty, was an unrecognised rebel kingdom in China and a Chinese Christian theocratic absolute monarchy from 1851 to 1864, supporting the overthrow of the Q ...
.
*
1870 –
Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
.
*
1900 – The
first line of the
Paris Métro
The Paris Métro (french: Métro de Paris ; short for Métropolitain ) is a rapid transit system in the Paris metropolitan area, France. A symbol of the Paris, city, it is known for its density within the capital's territorial limits, uniform ar ...
opens for operation.
1901–present
*
1903 –
Maurice Garin
Maurice-François Garin (; 3 March 1871 – 19 February 1957) was an Italian then French road bicycle racer best known for winning the inaugural Tour de France in 1903, and for being stripped of his title in the second Tour in 1904 along with ...
wins the
first Tour de France.
*
1916 –
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
:
Battle of Fromelles:
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
and
Australian
Australian(s) may refer to:
Australia
* Australia, a country
* Australians, citizens of the Commonwealth of Australia
** European Australians
** Anglo-Celtic Australians, Australians descended principally from British colonists
** Aboriginal A ...
troops attack
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
trenches as part of the
Battle of the Somme.
*
1936 –
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link ...
: The
CNT and
UGT call a
general strike in
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
– mobilizing workers' militias against the
Nationalist forces.
*
1940 –
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
Battle of Cape Spada: The
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
and the
Regia Marina
The ''Regia Marina'' (; ) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (''Regno d'Italia'') from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the Italian constitutional referendum, 1946, birth of the Italian Republic (''Repubblica Italiana''), the ''Regia Marina'' ch ...
clash; the Italian light cruiser ''
Bartolomeo Colleoni
Bartolomeo Colleoni (; 1400 – 2 November 1475) was an Italian condottiero, who became captain-general of the Republic of Venice. Colleoni "gained reputation as the foremost tactician and disciplinarian of the 15th century".''Websters New ...
'' sinks, with 121 casualties.
* 1940 –
Field Marshal Ceremony: First occasion in World War II that
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
appoints field marshals due to military achievements.
* 1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the
Intelligence Corps of the
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
.
*
1942 – World War II: The
Second Happy Time of Hitler's submarines comes to an end, as the increasingly effective American convoy system compels them to return to the central Atlantic.
*
1943 – World War II: Rome is
heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft, inflicting thousands of casualties.
*
1947 – Prime Minister of the shadow
Burmese government, Bogyoke
Aung San
Aung San (, ; 13 February 191519 July 1947) was a Burmese politician, independence activist and revolutionary. He was instrumental in Myanmar's struggle for independence from British rule, but he was assassinated just six months before his goa ...
and eight others are
assassinated.
* 1947 – Korean politician
Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.
*
1952 – Opening of the
Summer Olympics
The Summer Olympic Games (french: link=no, Jeux olympiques d'été), also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The inau ...
in
Helsinki
Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the Capital city, capital, primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Finland, most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of U ...
, Finland.
*
1957 – The largely
autobiographical novel
An autobiographical novel is a form of novel using autofiction techniques, or the merging of autobiographical and fictive elements. The literary technique is distinguished from an autobiography or memoir by the stipulation of being fiction. Bec ...
''
The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold
''The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold'' is a novel by the British writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in July 1957. It is Waugh's penultimate full-length work of fiction, which the author called his "mad book"—a largely autobiographical account ...
'' by
Evelyn Waugh
Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh (; 28 October 1903 – 10 April 1966) was an English writer of novels, biographies, and travel books; he was also a prolific journalist and book reviewer. His most famous works include the early satires '' Decl ...
was published.
*
1961 – Tunisia
imposes a blockade on the French naval base at
Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.
*
1963 –
Joe Walker flies a
North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on
X-15 Flight 90
Flight 90 of the North American X-15 was a research flight conducted by NASA and the US Air Force on July 19, 1963. It was the first of two X-15 missions that passed the 100-km high Kármán line, the FAI definition of space, along with Flight ...
. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a
human spaceflight
Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be ...
under international convention.
*
1964 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: At a rally in
Saigon
, population_density_km2 = 4,292
, population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2
, population_demonym = Saigonese
, blank_name = GRP (Nominal)
, blank_info = 2019
, blank1_name = – Total
, blank1_ ...
,
South Vietnamese
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...
Nguyễn Khánh
Nguyễn Khánh (; 8 November 192711 January 2013) was a South Vietnamese military officer and Army of the Republic of Vietnam general who served in various capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam while at the head of a ...
calls for expanding the war into
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
.
*
1967 –
Piedmont Airlines Flight 22
Piedmont Airlines Flight 22 was a Piedmont Airlines (1948-1989), Piedmont Airlines Boeing 727-22 that collided with a twin-engine Cessna 310 on July 19, 1967, over Hendersonville, North Carolina, United States. Both aircraft were destroyed and ...
, a
Piedmont Airlines
Piedmont Airlines, Inc. is an American regional airline headquartered at the Salisbury Regional Airport in unincorporated Wicomico County, Maryland, near the city of Salisbury. The airline is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the American Airline ...
Boeing 727-22 and a twin-engine
Cessna 310
The Cessna 310 is an American four-to-six-seat, low-wing, twin-engine monoplane produced by Cessna between 1954 and 1980. It was the first twin-engine aircraft that Cessna put into production after World War II.
Development
The 310 first fle ...
collided over
Hendersonville, North Carolina
Hendersonville is a city in Henderson County, North Carolina, United States. It is south of Asheville and is the county seat of Henderson County. Like the county, the city is named for 19th-century North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice Leon ...
,
USA
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
. Both aircraft were destroyed and all passengers and crew were killed, including
John T. McNaughton, an advisor to
Robert McNamara
Robert Strange McNamara (; June 9, 1916 – July 6, 2009) was an American business executive and the eighth United States Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He remains the ...
.
*
1969 –
Chappaquiddick incident
The Chappaquiddick incident occurred on Chappaquiddick Island in Massachusetts some time around midnight between July 18 and 19, 1969, when Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy negligently drove his car off a narrow bridge, causing it to overturn ...
: U.S. Senator
Ted Kennedy
Edward Moore Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from Massachusetts for almost 47 years, from 1962 until his death in 2009. A member of the Democratic ...
crashes his car into a tidal pond at
Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts, killing his passenger
Mary Jo Kopechne
Mary Jo Kopechne (; July 26, 1940 – July 18 or 19, 1969) was an American secretary, and one of the campaign workers for U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign, a close team known as the " Boiler Room Girls". In 1969, she ...
.
*
1972 –
Dhofar Rebellion
The Dhofar Rebellion, also known as the Dhofar War or the Omani Civil War, was waged from 1963 to 1976 in the province of Dhofar against the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The war began with the formation of the Dhofar Liberation Front, a group ...
: British
SAS units help the
Oman
Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of t ...
i government against
Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (in ar, الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير عُمان, al-Jabha aš-Šaʿbiyya li-Taḥrīr ʿUmān, PFLO) was a Marxist and Arab nationalist revolutionary organisation in the Sultanate of Oman. ...
rebels in the
Battle of Mirbat.
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...
–
Sagarmatha National Park
Sagarmāthā National Park is a national park in the Himalayas of eastern Nepal that is dominated by Mount Everest. It encompasses an area of in the Solukhumbu District and ranges in elevation from at the summit of Mount Everest. In the north, ...
in
Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne,
सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...
is created.
*
1977 – The world's first
Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of the global navigation satellite sy ...
(GPS) signal was transmitted from Navigation Technology Satellite 2 (NTS-2) and received at
Rockwell Collins
Rockwell Collins was a multinational corporation headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, providing avionics and information technology systems and services to government agencies and aircraft manufacturers. It was formed when the Collins Radio Comp ...
in
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Cedar Rapids () is the second-largest city in Iowa, United States and is the county seat of Linn County, Iowa, Linn County. The city lies on both banks of the Cedar River (Iowa River), Cedar River, north of Iowa City, Iowa, Iowa City and north ...
, at 12:41 a.m. Eastern time (ET).
*
1979 – The
Sandinista
The Sandinista National Liberation Front ( es, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas () in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto C� ...
rebels overthrow the
government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
of the
Somoza
The Somoza family ( es, Familia Somoza) is a former political family that ruled Nicaragua for forty-three years from 1936 to 1979. Their family dictatorship was founded by Anastasio Somoza García and was continued by his two sons Luis Somoza D ...
family in
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
.
* 1979 – The oil tanker ''
SS Atlantic Empress'' collides with another oil tanker, causing the largest ever
ship-borne oil spill.
*
1980 – Opening of the
Summer Olympics
The Summer Olympic Games (french: link=no, Jeux olympiques d'été), also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The inau ...
in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
.
*
1981 – In a private meeting with U.S. President
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...
, French President
François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the ''
Farewell Dossier
The Farewell Dossier was the collection of documents that Colonel Vladimir Vetrov, a KGB defector "en place" (code-named "Farewell"), gathered and gave to the Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST) in 1981–82, during the Cold War.
...
'', a collection of documents showing the Soviet Union had been stealing American technological research and development.
*
1982 – In one of the first militant attacks by
Hezbollah,
David S. Dodge, president of the
American University of Beirut, is kidnapped.
*
1983 – The first
three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a
CT is published.
*
1985 – The
Val di Stava dam collapse
The Val di Stava Dam collapse occurred on 19 July 1985, when two tailings dams above the village of Stava, near Tesero, Italy, failed. It resulted in one of Italy's worst disasters, killing 268 people, destroying 63 buildings and demolishing eigh ...
s killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
*
1989 –
United Airlines Flight 232
United Airlines Flight 232 was a regularly scheduled United Airlines flight from Stapleton International Airport in Denver to O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, continuing to Philadelphia International Airport. On July 19, 1989, the DC ...
crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 111.
*
1992 – A car bomb
kills Judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his escort.
*
1997 –
The Troubles
The Troubles ( ga, Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an " ...
: The
Provisional Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reu ...
resumes a ceasefire to end their
25-year paramilitary campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.
*
2011 –
Guinean
Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...
President
Alpha Condé
Alpha Condé (N'Ko: ; born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who served as the fourth president of Guinea from 2010 to 2021.
Condé spent decades in opposition to a succession of regimes in Guinea, unsuccessfully running against President L ...
survives an attempted assassination and coup d'état at his
residence
A residence is a place (normally a building) used as a home or dwelling, where people reside.
Residence may more specifically refer to:
* Domicile (law), a legal term for residence
* Habitual residence, a civil law term dealing with the status ...
in
Conakry
Conakry (; ; sus, Kɔnakiri; N’ko: ߞߐߣߊߞߙߌ߫, Fula: ''Konaakiri'' 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭) is the capital and largest city of Guinea. A port city, it serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea. Its p ...
.
*
2012 –
Syrian civil war: The
People's Protection Units
The People's Defense Units (YPG), (YPG) ; ar, وحدات حماية الشعب, Waḥdāt Ḥimāyat aš-Šaʽb) also called People's Protection Units, is a mainly- Kurdish militia in Syria and the primary component of the Syrian Democra ...
(YPG) capture the city of
Kobanî without resistance, starting the
Rojava conflict
The Rojava conflict, also known as the Rojava Revolution, is a political upheaval and military conflict taking place in northern Syria, known among Kurds as Western Kurdistan or Rojava.
During the Syrian civil war that began in 2011, a Kurdish ...
in Northeast Syria.
*
2014 – Gunmen in Egypt's western desert province of
New Valley Governorate
New Valley Governorate or El Wadi El Gedid Governorate ( ar, محافظة الوادي الجديد , ) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is in the southwestern part of the country, in the south of Egypt Western Desert (part of the Saha ...
attack a military checkpoint, killing at least 21 soldiers. Egypt reportedly declares a
state of emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state du ...
on its border with Sudan.
*
2018 – The
Knesset
The Knesset ( he, הַכְּנֶסֶת ; "gathering" or "assembly") is the unicameral legislature of Israel. As the supreme state body, the Knesset is sovereign and thus has complete control of the entirety of the Israeli government (with ...
passes the controversial
Nationality Bill, which defines the
State of Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
as the
nation-state of the
Jewish people
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
.
Births
Pre-1600
*
810
__NOTOC__
Year 810 ( DCCCX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Byzantine Empire
* Spring – The Venetian dukes change sides again, submitting to Ki ...
–
Muhammad al-Bukhari
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...
, Persian scholar (d. 870)
*
1223 –
Baibars, sultan of Egypt (d. 1277)
*
1420 –
William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat
William VIII Palaiologos (Italian: ''Guglielmo VIII Paleologo''; 19 July 1420 – 27 February 1483) was the Marquis of Montferrat from 1464 until his death.
He was the second son of Marquis John Jacob, and inherited the Marquisate after the deat ...
(d. 1483)
*
1569 –
Conrad Vorstius
Conrad Vorstius (german: Konrad von der Vorst; la, Conradus Vorstius; 19 July 1569 – 29 September 1622) was a German-Dutch heterodox Remonstrant theologian, and successor to Jacobus Arminius in the theology chair at Leiden University.'Vorsti ...
, Dutch theologian (d. 1622)
1601–1900
*
1670 –
Richard Leveridge
Richard Leveridge (or Leueridge) (19 July 1670 – 22 March 1758) was an English bass singer of the London stage and a composer of baroque music, including many popular songs.
Life
Richard Leveridge was born in the parish of St Martin-in-the-Field ...
, English singer-songwriter (d. 1758)
*
1688 –
Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary and painter (d. 1766)
*
1744
Events
January–March
* January 6 – The Royal Navy ship ''Bacchus'' engages the Spanish Navy privateer ''Begona'', and sinks it; 90 of the 120 Spanish sailors die, but 30 of the crew are rescued.
* January 24 – The Dag ...
–
Heinrich Christian Boie, German author and poet (d. 1806)
*
1759 –
Marianna Auenbrugger, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1782)
* 1759 –
Seraphim of Sarov
Seraphim of Sarov (russian: Серафим Саровский; – ), born Prókhor Isídorovich Moshnín (Mashnín) �ро́хор Иси́дорович Мошни́н (Машни́н) is one of the most renowned Russian saints and is venerate ...
, Russian monk and saint (d. 1833)
*
1771 –
Thomas Talbot, Irish-Canadian colonel and politician (d. 1853)
*
1794 –
José Justo Corro, Mexican politician and president (d. 1864)
*
1789 –
John Martin, English painter, engraver, and illustrator (d. 1854)
*
1800 –
Juan José Flores
Juan José Flores y Aramburu (19 July 1800 – 1 October 1864) was a Venezuelan-born military general who became the first (in 1830), third (in 1839) and fourth (in 1843) President of the new Republic of Ecuador. He is often referred to as "The ...
, Venezuelan general and politician, 1st
President of Ecuador
The president of Ecuador ( es, Presidente del Ecuador), officially called the Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador ( es, Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador), serves as both the head of state and head of govern ...
(d. 1864)
*
1814 –
Samuel Colt
Samuel Colt (; July 19, 1814 – January 10, 1862) was an American inventor, industrialist, and businessman who established Colt's Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company (now Colt's Manufacturing Company) and made the mass production of ...
, American businessman, founded the
Colt's Manufacturing Company
Colt's Manufacturing Company, LLC (CMC, formerly Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company) is an American firearms manufacturer, founded in 1855 by Samuel Colt and is now a subsidiary of Czech holding company Colt CZ Group. It is the s ...
(d. 1862)
*
1819 –
Gottfried Keller
Gottfried Keller (19 July 1819 – 15 July 1890) was a Swiss poet and writer of German literature. Best known for his novel '' Green Henry'' (German: ''Der grüne Heinrich'') and his cycle of novellas called ''The People from Seldwyla'' (''Die Leu ...
, Swiss author, poet, and playwright (d. 1890)
*
1822 –
Princess Augusta of Cambridge
Princess Augusta of Cambridge (19 July 1822 – 5 December 1916) was a member of the British royal family, a granddaughter of George III. She married into the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and became the Grand Duchess of Mecklenbu ...
(d. 1916)
*
1827 –
Mangal Pandey
Mangal Pandey was an Indian soldier who played a key part in the events immediately preceding the outbreak of the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was a sepoy (infantryman) in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry (BNI) regiment of the British East I ...
, Indian soldier (d. 1857)
*
1834 –
Edgar Degas, French painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 1917)
*
1835 –
Justo Rufino Barrios
Justo Rufino Barrios Auyón (19 July 1835 – 2 April 1885) was a Guatemalan politician and military general who served as President of Guatemala from 1873 to his death in 1885. He was known for his liberal reforms and his attempts to reuni ...
,
Guatemala
Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...
n President of Guatemala, president (d. 1885)
*1842 – Frederic T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1896)
*1846 – Edward Charles Pickering, American astronomer and physicist (d. 1919)
*1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French scholar and critic (d. 1906)
*1860 – Lizzie Borden, American woman, tried and acquitted for the murders of her father and step-mother in 1892 (d. 1927)
*
1864 – Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer (d. 1920)
*1865 – Georges Friedel, French mineralogist and crystallographer (d. 1933)
* 1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon, co-founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
*1868 – Florence Foster Jenkins, American soprano and educator (d. 1944)
*1869 – Xenophon Stratigos, Greek general and politician, Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Networks (Greece), Greek Minister of Transport (d. 1927)
*1875 – Alice Dunbar Nelson, American poet and activist (d. 1935)
*1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious leader, 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
*1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
*1881 – Friedrich Dessauer, German physicist and philosopher (d. 1963)
*1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator and producer (d. 1972)
*1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician and academic (d. 1957)
*1888 – Enno Lolling, German physician (d. 1945)
*1890 – George II of Greece (d. 1947)
*1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
*1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian actor, playwright, and poet (d. 1930)
*1894 – Aleksandr Khinchin, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1959)
* 1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bangladeshi-Pakistani politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
* 1894 – Percy Spencer, American physicist and inventor of the microwave oven (d. 1969)
*1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter and academic (d. 1953)
*1896 – Reginald Baker (film producer), Reginald Baker, English film producer (d. 1985)
* 1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish physician and novelist (d. 1981)
* 1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player and sailor (d. 1977)
*1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-American sociologist and philosopher (d. 1979)
*1899 – Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay, Indian physician, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1979)
1901–present
*1902 – Samudrala Sr., Indian singer, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1968)
*1904 – Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer and farmer (d. 1985)
*1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
*1908 – Daniel Fry, American contactee (d. 1992)
*1909 – Balamani Amma, Indian poet and author (d. 2004)
*1912 – Peter Leo Gerety, American prelate (d. 2016)
*1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
*1914 – Marius Russo, American baseball player (d. 2005)
*1915 – Åke Hellman, Finnish painter (d. 2017)
*
1916 – Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010)
*1917 – William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2013)
*1919 – Patricia Medina, English-American actress (d. 2012)
* 1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet and author (d. 2005)
* 1919 – Ron Searle, English-Canadian soldier, publisher, and politician, 4th Mayor of Mississauga (d. 2015)
*1920 – Robert Mann, American violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 2018)
* 1920 – Richard Oriani, Salvadoran-American metallurgist and engineer (d. 2015)
*1921 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, author, radio host (d. 2013)
* 1921 – André Moynet, French soldier, race car driver, and politician (d. 1993)
* 1921 – Elizabeth Spencer (writer), Elizabeth Spencer, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (d. 2019)
* 1921 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
*1922 – George McGovern, American lieutenant, historian, and politician (d. 2012)
* 1922 – Rachel Robinson, American professor, registered nurse, and the widow of baseball player Jackie Robinson
*1923 – Theo Barker, English historian (d. 2001)
* 1923 – Alex Hannum, American basketball player and coach (d. 2002)
* 1923 – Joseph Hansen (writer), Joseph Hansen, American author and poet (d. 2004)
* 1923 – William A. Rusher, American lawyer and journalist (d. 2011)
* 1923 – Lon Simmons, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
*1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 40th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 2005)
* 1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor and producer (d. 2009)
* 1924 – Arthur Rankin Jr., American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
*1925 – Sue Thompson, American singer (d. 2021)
*1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress, singer, and dancer
*1928 – Samuel John Hazo, American author
* 1928 – Choi Yun-chil, South Korean long-distance runner and a two-time national champion in the marathon (d. 2020)
*1929 – Gaston Glock, Austrian engineer and businessman, co-founded Glock Ges.m.b.H.
* 1929 – Orville Turnquest, Bahamian politician
*1932 – Buster Benton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1996)
* 1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish biologist and photographer (d. 1987)
*1934 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
*1935 – Nick Koback, American baseball player and golfer (d. 2015)
*
1936 – David Colquhoun, English pharmacologist and academic
*1937 – George Hamilton IV, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
*1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
* 1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist and astronomer
* 1938 – Tom Raworth, English poet and academic (d. 2017)
*1941 – Vikki Carr, American singer and actress
* 1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch politician and diplomat, European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society
*
1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor and academic
* 1943 – Carla Mazzuca Poggiolini, Italian journalist and politician
*1944 – George Frayne, American musician a.k.a. Commander Cody (d. 2021)
* 1944 – Tim McIntire, American actor and singer (d. 1986)
* 1944 – Andres Vooremaa, Estonian chess player
*1945 – Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter
*1946 – Alan Gorrie, Scottish singer-songwriter and musician
* 1946 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player and politician
*
1947 – André Forcier, Canadian director and screenwriter
* 1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, German footballer and manager
* 1947 – Bernie Leadon, American guitarist and songwriter
* 1947 – Brian May, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and astrophysicist
*1948 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 1980)
*1949 – Kgalema Motlanthe, South African politician, 3rd President of South Africa
*1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician, Minister of Finance (Norway), Norwegian Minister of Finance
* 1950 – Freddy Moore, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1950 – Adrian Noble, English director and screenwriter
*1951 – Abel Ferrara, American director, producer, and screenwriter
*
1952 – Allen Collins, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1990)
* 1952 – Jayne Anne Phillips American novelist and short story writer
*1954 – Mark O'Donnell, American playwright (d. 2012)
* 1954 – Steve O'Donnell (writer), Steve O'Donnell, American screenwriter and producer
* 1954 – Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist and historian
*1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer and sportscaster
* 1955 – Dalton McGuinty, Canadian lawyer and politician, 24th Premier of Ontario
* 1956 – Mark Crispin, American computer scientist, designed the IMAP (d. 2012)
*1958 – Brad Drewett, Australian tennis player and sportscaster (d. 2013)
* 1958 – Robert Gibson (wrestler), Robert Gibson, American wrestler
* 1958 – David Robertson (conductor), David Robertson, American conductor
*1959 – Juan J. Campanella, Argentinian director, producer, and screenwriter
*1960 – Atom Egoyan, Egyptian-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1960 – Kevin Haskins, English drummer and songwriter
*
1961 – Harsha Bhogle, Indian journalist and author
* 1961 – Maria Filatova, Russian gymnast
* 1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian, actress, and author
* 1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian director and screenwriter
* 1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor, director, and producer
*1962 – Anthony Edwards (actor), Anthony Edwards, American actor and director
*
1963 – Thomas Gabriel Fischer, Swiss musician
* 1963 – Garth Nix, Australian author
*
1964 – Teresa Edwards, American basketball player
* 1964 – Masahiko Kondō, Japanese singer-songwriter and race car driver
*1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish musician
* 1965 – Claus-Dieter Wollitz, German footballer and manager
*
1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli model and actress
* 1967 – Jean-François Mercier, Canadian comedian, screenwriter, and television host
*1968 – Robb Flynn, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1968 – Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer and manager
* 1968 – Jim Norton (comedian), Jim Norton, American comedian, actor, and author
*
1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
*1970 – Bill Chen, American poker player and software designer
* 1970 – Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish lawyer and politician, First Minister of Scotland
*1971 – Rene Busch, Estonian tennis player and coach
* 1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kyiv
* 1971 – Michael Modest, American wrestler
* 1971 – Catriona Rowntree, Australian television host
* 1971 – Lesroy Weekes, Montserratian cricketer
*
1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer and manager
*1973 – Martin Powell, English keyboard player and songwriter
* 1973 – Scott Walker (ice hockey), Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican wrestler
* 1974 – Francisco Copado, German footballer and manager
* 1974 – Josée Piché, Canadian ice dancer
* 1974 – Vince Spadea, American tennis player
* 1974 – Preston Wilson, American baseball player and sportscaster
*1975 – Luca Castellazzi, Italian footballer
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...
– Benedict Cumberbatch, English actor
* 1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer and manager
*
1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler and manager
* 1977 – Ed Smith (cricketer), Ed Smith, English cricketer and journalist
*
1979 – Rick Ankiel, American baseball player
* 1979 – Josué Anunciado de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
* 1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
* 1979 – Luke Young (footballer, born 1979), Luke Young, English footballer
*
1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
* 1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian race car driver
*
1981 – Nenê (footballer, born 1981), Nenê, Brazilian footballer
* 1981 – David Bernard (cricketer), David Bernard, Jamaican cricketer
* 1981 – Mark Gasnier, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
* 1981 – Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
* 1981 – Grégory Vignal, French footballer
*
1982 – Christopher Bear, American drummer
* 1982 – Phil Coke, American baseball player
* 1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
* 1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
*
1983 – Helen Skelton, English television host and actress
* 1983 – Fedor Tyutin, Russian ice hockey player
*1984 – Andrea Libman, Canadian voice actress
* 1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
* 1984 – Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
*
1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
* 1985 – Zhou Haibin, Chinese footballer
* 1985 – Marina Kuzina, Russian basketball player
* 1985 – Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (d. 2015)
*1986 – Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
*1987 – Jon Jones, American mixed martial artist
* 1987 – Marc Murphy (footballer), Marc Murphy, Australian footballer
*1988 – Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor
* 1988 – Kevin Großkreutz, German footballer
* 1988 – Jakub Kovář, Czech ice hockey player
*
1989 – Sam McKendry, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player
*1991 – Eray İşcan, Turkish footballer
*
1992 – Jake Nicholson, English footballer
*1994 – Christian Welch, Australian rugby league player
*1996 – Paul Momirovski, Australian rugby league player
*1998 – Erin Cuthbert, footballer
* 1998 – Ronaldo Vieira (footballer, born 1998), Ronaldo Vieira, Bissau-Guinean footballer
*2003 – Tyler Downs, American Olympic diver
Deaths
Pre-1600
* 514 – Pope Symmachus, Symmachus, pope of the Catholic Church
* 806 – Li Shigu, Chinese general (b. 778)
* 973 – Kyunyeo, Korean monk and poet (b. 917)
*
998
Year 998 ( CMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Spring – Otto III retakes Rome and restores power in the papal city. Crescenti ...
– Damian Dalassenos, Byzantine general (b. 940)
*1030 – Adalberon (bishop of Laon), Adalberon, French bishop
*1234 – Floris IV, Count of Holland, Floris IV, Dutch nobleman (b. 1210)
*1249 – Jacopo Tiepolo, doge of Venice
*
1333 – John Campbell, Earl of Atholl, John Campbell, Scottish nobleman
* 1333 – Alexander Bruce, Earl of Carrick, Alexander Bruce, Scottish nobleman
* 1333 – Archibald Douglas (died 1333), Sir Archibald Douglas, Scottish nobleman
* 1333 – Maol Choluim II, Earl of Lennox, Maol Choluim II, Scottish nobleman
* 1333 – Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland
*1374 – Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (b. 1304)
*1415 – Philippa of Lancaster, Portuguese queen (b. 1360)
*1543 – Mary Boleyn, English daughter of Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1499)
1601–1900
*1631 – Cesare Cremonini (philosopher), Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1550)
*1742 – William Somervile, English poet and author (b. 1675)
*1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prussian queen (b. 1776)
*
1814 – Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (b. 1774)
*1824 – Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican general and emperor (b. 1783)
*1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist and chemist (b. 1785)
*1850 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (b. 1810)
*1855 – Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet and translator (b. 1787)
*1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss statistician and politician (b. 1796)
*1878 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1847)
*1882 – John William Bean, English criminal and failed regicide (b. 1824)
*1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American publisher and religious leader (b. 1859)
1901–present
*1913 – Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer and politician, 15th President of Colombia (b. 1852)
*1925 – John Indermaur, British lawyer (b. 1851)
*1930 – Robert Stout, Scottish-New Zealand politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1844)
*1933 – Kaarle Krohn, Finnish historian and academic (b. 1863)
*1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet and author (b. 1850)
*
1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Russian captain and pilot (b. 1916)
*
1947 – U Razak, Burmese educator and politician (b. 1898)
* 1947 –
Aung San
Aung San (, ; 13 February 191519 July 1947) was a Burmese politician, independence activist and revolutionary. He was instrumental in Myanmar's struggle for independence from British rule, but he was assassinated just six months before his goa ...
, Burmese general and politician (b. 1915)
* 1947 –
Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (b. 1886)
*
1963 – William Andrew (priest), William Andrew, English priest (b. 1884)
*1965 – Syngman Rhee, South Korean journalist and politician, 1st President of South Korea (b. 1875)
*
1967 –
John T. McNaughton, United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs and an advisor to
Robert McNamara
Robert Strange McNamara (; June 9, 1916 – July 6, 2009) was an American business executive and the eighth United States Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. He remains the ...
(b. 1921)
* 1967 – Odell Shepard, American poet and politician, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (b. 1884)
*
1969 – Stratis Myrivilis, Greek soldier and author (b. 1890)
*1974 – Ernő Schwarz, Hungarian-American soccer player and coach (b. 1904)
*1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
*
1977 – Karl Ristikivi, Estonian geographer, author, and poet (b. 1912)
*
1980 – Margaret Craven (writer), Margaret Craven, American journalist and author (b. 1901)
* 1980 – Nihat Erim, Turkish jurist and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
* 1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1904)
*
1981 – Roger Doucet, Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
*
1982 – Hugh Everett III, American physicist and mathematician (b. 1930)
*1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
* 1984 – Aziz Sami, Iraqi writer and translator (b. 1895)
*
1985 – Janusz Zajdel, Polish author (b. 1938)
*
1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish businessman and politician, President of the Republic of Poland (b. 1913)
*1990 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
*
1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian lawyer and judge (b. 1940)
*1994 – Victor Barbeau, Canadian author and academic (b. 1896)
*1998 – Elmer Valo, Polish-American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1921)
*2002 – Dave Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1952)
* 2002 – Alan Lomax, American historian, scholar, and activist (b. 1915)
*2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist and author, founded the Campus Crusade for Christ (b. 1921)
* 2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss politician, President of the Swiss National Council (b. 1908)
*2004 – Sylvia Daoust, Canadian sculptor (b. 1902)
* 2004 – J. Gordon Edwards (entomologist and mountaineer), J. Gordon Edwards, American entomologist, mountaineer, and DDT advocate (b. 1919)
* 2004 – Francis A. Marzen, American priest and journalist (b. 1924)
* 2004 – Zenkō Suzuki, Japanese politician, 70th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
*2005 – Edward Bunker, American author and screenwriter (b. 1933)
*2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
*2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1945)
* 2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentinian cartoonist (b. 1944)
*2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedian and actress (b. 1907)
*2009 – Frank McCourt, American author and educator (b. 1930)
* 2009 – Henry Surtees, English race car driver (b. 1991)
*2010 – Cécile Aubry, French actress, author, television screenwriter and director (b. 1928)
* 2010 – Jon Cleary, Australian author and playwright (b. 1917)
*
2012 – Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi director and playwright (b. 1948)
* 2012 – Tom Davis (comedian), Tom Davis, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
* 2012 – Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Iranian meteorologist and academic (b. 1912)
* 2012 – Omar Suleiman (politician), Omar Suleiman, Egyptian general and politician, 16th Vice President of Egypt (b. 1935)
* 2012 – Sylvia Woods, American businesswoman, co-founded Sylvia's Restaurant of Harlem (b. 1926)
* 2012 – Valiulla Yakupov, Islamic cleric (b. 1963)
*2013 – Mikhail Gorsheniov, Russian singer-songwriter (b. 1973)
* 2013 – Geeto Mongol, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (b. 1931)
* 2013 – Mel Smith, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1952)
* 2013 – Bert Trautmann, German footballer and manager (b. 1923)
* 2013 – Phil Woosnam, Welsh-American soccer player and manager (b. 1932)
* 2013 – Peter Ziegler, Swiss geologist and academic (b. 1928)
* 2013 – Leyla Erbil, Turkish author (b. 1931)
*
2014 – Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian (b. 1933)
* 2014 – David Easton, Canadian-American political scientist and academic (b. 1917)
* 2014 – Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician and author (b. 1933)
* 2014 – James Garner, American actor (b. 1928)
* 2014 – Jerzy Jurka, Polish biologist (b. 1950)
* 2014 – Ray King (footballer), Ray King, English footballer and manager (b. 1924)
* 2014 – Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (b. 1936)
* 2014 – Harry Pougher, English cricketer (b. 1941)
* 2014 – Leen Vleggeert, Dutch politician (b. 1931)
* 2014 – John Winkin, American baseball player, coach, and journalist (b. 1919)
*2015 – Van Alexander, American composer and conductor (b. 1915)
* 2015 – Galina Prozumenshchikova, Ukrainian-Russian swimmer and journalist (b. 1948)
* 2015 – Carmino Ravosa, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1930)
* 2015 – Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian journalist and politician, 2nd Speaker of the Duma (b. 1947)
*2016 – Garry Marshall, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1934)
*
2018 – Jon Schnepp, American producer, director, voice actor, editor, writer, cartoonist, animator, and cinematographer (b. 1967)
* 2018 – Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (b. 1993)
*2019 – Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor, director, and producer (b. 1944)
Holidays and observances
* Palace Day
* Christian Calendar of saints, feast day:
** Arsenius of Corfu, Arsenius (Catholic Church)
** Bernold, Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
** Justa and Rufina
** Kirdjun (or Abakerazum)
** Macrina the Younger, Sister of Basil of Caesarea, St. Basil the Great
** Pope Symmachus, Symmachus
** July 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* Burmese Martyrs' Day, Martyrs' Day (Myanmar)
* Sandinista Day or Liberation Day (
Nicaragua
Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...
)
References
External links
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:July 19
Days of the year
July