, also called Shōkyū, was a

Japanese era name The or , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being "", meaning "origin, basis"), followed b ...

(年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after '' Kempō'' and before '' Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1219 through April 1222.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Jōkyū''" i
''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 431
n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
The reigning emperor was Juntoku''-tennō'' (順徳天皇).

Change of era

* 1219 : The new era name was created because the previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kempo'' 3, on the 6th day of the 12th month of 1219.

Events of the ''Jōkyū'' era

* February 12, 1219 (''Jōkyū 1, 26th day of the 1st month''): Shōgun Sanetomo was assassinated on the steps of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in

Kamakura , officially , is a city of Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. It is located in the Kanto region on the island of Honshu. The city has an estimated population of 172,929 (1 September 2020) and a population density of 4,359 people per km2 over the tota ...

. The 40 years during which

Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate, ruling from 1192 until 1199, also the first ruling shogun in the history of Japan.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Minamoto no Yoriie" in . He was the husband of Hōjō Masako ...

Minamoto no Yoriie was the second ''shōgun'' (1202–1203) of Japan's Kamakura shogunate, and the first son of first shōgun Yoritomo. His Dharma name was Hokke-in-dono Kingo Da'i Zengo (法華院殿金吾大禅閤). Life Minamoto no Yoriie was born to Hōj ...

and Minamoto no Sanetomo were successive heads of the

Kamakura shogunate The was the feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Kamakura-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 459. The Kamakura shogunate was established by Minamoto no Yori ...

was sometimes called "the period of the three shōguns." A new shōgun was not to be named for several years during which the Kamakura bureaucracy nevertheless continued to function without interruption. * 1220 (''Jōkyū 2, 2nd month''): The emperor visited the Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines. * May 13, 1221 (''Jōkyū 3, 20th day of the 4th month''): In the 11th year of Juntoku''-tennō''s reign (順徳天皇11年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by eldest son who was only 4 years old. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Chūkyō is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui''). The reign of Emperor Chūkyō spans a small number of months. * July 29, 1221 (''Jōkyū 3, 9th day of the 7th month''): In the 1st year of what is now considered to have been Chūkyō''-tennō''s reign (仲恭天皇1年), he abruptly abdicated without designating an heir; and contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (''senso'') was received by a grandson of former

Emperor Go-Toba was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198. This 12th-century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba, and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; ...

. * 1221 (''Jōkyū 3''): The Jōkyū War (''

Jōkyū no ran , also called Shōkyū, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after ''Kempo (era), Kempō'' and before ''Jōō (Kamakura period), Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1219 through April 1222.Nussbaum, Louis-Fr ...

'') was an armed attempt by

and his supporters, trying unsuccessfully to take power from the Kamakura bakufu. * January 14, 1222 (''Jōkyū 3, 1st day of the 12th month''): Emperor Go-Horikawa acceded to the throne (''sokui'').Titsingh, p. 95; Brown, p. 344; Varley, p. 44.

Notes

References

* Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida. (1979). ''The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'Gukanshō', an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219.'' Berkeley:

University of California Press The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by faculty ...

.
OCLC 5145872
* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005)
''Japan encyclopedia.''
Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou. The pres ...

.
OCLC 58053128
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''

Nihon Odai Ichiran Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in t ...

''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
* Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York:

Columbia University Press Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's la ...

.
OCLC 6042764

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

New York Public Library Digital Gallery, early photograph of Shrine steps where Sanetomo was killed
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jokyu Japanese eras 1219 in Asia 1210s in Japan 1220s in Japan 13th-century neologisms