Julio López Chávez led a peasant rebellion in the late 1860s. He was a follower of Greek proto-anarchist Plotino Rhodakanaty, who moved to Mexico to organize peasants. When a land speculator drained

Lake Chalco Lake Chalco was an endorheic lake formerly located in the Valley of Mexico, and was important for Mesoamerican cultural development in central Mexico. The lake was named after the ancient city of Chalco on its former eastern shore. Lake Chal ...

, López Chávez led up to 1,500 affected

tenant farmers A tenant farmer is a farmer or farmworker who resides and works on land owned by a landlord, while tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and mana ...

(''campesinos'') in an attempted overthrow of the oligarchic Mexican landowners. The 1867–1869 revolt spread through four Mexican states before

Benito Juárez Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican politician, military commander, and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. A Zapotec peoples, Zapotec, he w ...

ordered federal intervention. López Chávez was killed before a firing squad. His translated last words were, "Long live socialism!"

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