The Jožef Stefan Institute (JSI) () is the largest research

institute An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes ca ...

Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...

. The main research areas are

physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...

molecular biology Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecule, molecular basis of biological activity in and between Cell (biology), cells, including biomolecule, biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactio ...

biotechnology Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and Engineering Science, engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services. Specialists ...

information technologies Information technology (IT) is a set of related fields within information and communications technology (ICT), that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages, data and information processing, and storage. Information technolo ...

, reactor physics,

energy Energy () is the physical quantity, quantitative physical property, property that is transferred to a physical body, body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of Work (thermodynamics), work and in the form of heat and l ...

and environment. At the beginning of 2013 the institute had 962 employees, of whom 404 were

PhD A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...

scientists A scientist is a person who researches to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature ...

. The mission of the Jožef Stefan Institute is the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge at the frontiers of natural science and technology for the benefit of society at large through the pursuit of education, learning, research, and development of high technology at the highest international levels of excellence.

History

The institute was founded by the

State Security Administration (Yugoslavia) The State Security Service, also known by its original name as the Directorate for State Security, was the secret police organization of Communist Yugoslavia. It was at all times best known by the acronym UDBA, which is derived from the organiza ...

in 1949 for atomic weapons research. Initially, the

Vinča Nuclear Institute The Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences is a nuclear physics research institution near Belgrade, Serbia. Since its founding, the institute has also conducted research in the fields in physics, chemistry and biology. The scholarly institute is p ...

Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ...

was established in 1948, followed by the

Ruđer Bošković Institute The Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI; , , IRB) is a research institute located in the Šalata neighborhood of Zagreb, Croatia, founded in 1950, which studies the sciences. Description It is the largest Croatian research institute in the fields ...

Zagreb Zagreb ( ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the ...

in 1950 and the Jožef Stefan Institute as an Institute for Physics in the

Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( (SAZU)) is the national academy of Slovenia, which encompasses science and the arts and brings together the top Slovene researchers and artists as members of the academy. Cultural significance Establis ...

. It is named after the distinguished 19th century physicist

Josef Stefan Josef Stefan (; 24 March 1835 – 7 January 1893) was a Carinthian Slovene physicist, mathematician, and poet of the Austrian Empire. Life and work Stefan was born in the village of St. Peter (Slovene: ) on the outskirts of Klagenfurt) to A ...

(), best known for his work on the

Stefan–Boltzmann law The Stefan–Boltzmann law, also known as ''Stefan's law'', describes the intensity of the thermal radiation emitted by matter in terms of that matter's temperature. It is named for Josef Stefan, who empirically derived the relationship, and Lu ...

black-body A black body or blackbody is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of frequency or angle of incidence. The radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium with its environment is ...

radiation. The institute was named the Jožef Stefan Physics Institute in 1952. Soon after, it received a

betatron A betatron is a type of cyclic particle accelerator for electrons. It consists of a torus-shaped vacuum chamber with an electron source. Circling the torus is an iron transformer core with a wire winding around it. The device functions simil ...

, an

electron microscope An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. It uses electron optics that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope to control the electron beam, for instance focusing it ...

, and started operation of a

Van de Graaff generator A Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic generator which uses a moving belt to accumulate electric charge on a hollow metal globe on the top of an insulated column, creating very high electric potentials. It produces very high voltage direct ...

. It was rebranded the Jožef Stefan Nuclear Institute in 1959, and the word "Nuclear" was dropped in 1969. In 1992 the institute became public. IJS is involved in a wide variety of fields of scientific and economic interest. After close to 60 years of scientific achievement, the institute has become part of the image of

. Over the last 60 years it has created a number of important institutions, such as the

University of Nova Gorica The University of Nova Gorica, UNG (), is the fourth university in Slovenia. It is located in the towns of Nova Gorica, Vipava, and Ajdovščina. History The University of Nova Gorica grew out of the School of Environmental Sciences founded ...

, the Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School and the Ljubljana Technology park. In November 2020, Boštjan Zalar was appointed as the institute's head, succeeding Jadran Lenarčič. In 2021, the institute established the International Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence (IRCAI), which is supported by

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

Departments

*Physics
F1 Theoretical Physics

F2 Low and Medium Energy Physics

F3 Thin Films and Surfaces

F5 Condensed Matter Physics

F7 Complex Matter

F8 Reactor Physics
** *Chemistry and Biochemistry
B1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

B2 Molecular and Biomedical Sciences

B3 Biotechnology

K1 Inorganic Chemistry and Technology

K3 Physical and Organic Chemistry

K5 Electronic Ceramics

K6 Engineering Ceramics

K7 Nanostructured Materials

K8 Synthesis of Materials K8

K9 Advanced Materials

O2 Environmental Sciences
*Electronics and Information Technologies
E1 Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics

E2 Systems and Control

E3 Artificial Intelligence

E5 Open Computer Systems and Networks

E6 Communication Systems

E7 Computer Systems

E8 Knowledge Technologies

E9 Intelligent Systems
*Reactor Engineering and Energetics

*Centers
Centre for Knowledge Transfer in Information Technologies
** **
Networking Infrastructure Centre
**
Reactor Infrastructure Centre

Scientific Information Centre Library

Center for Technology Transfer and Innovation

Campuses

The institute has facilities in two locations. The main facilities and the headquarters are on Jamova 39 in

Ljubljana {{Infobox settlement , name = Ljubljana , official_name = , settlement_type = Capital city , image_skyline = {{multiple image , border = infobox , perrow = 1/2/2/1 , total_widt ...

, the other location is the institute's Podgorica Reactor Center located in Brinje, Dol pri Ljubljani near Ljubljana.

Research reactor

The institute's Podgorica Reactor Center is home to a pool type

research reactor Research reactors are nuclear fission-based nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source. They are also called non-power reactors, in contrast to power reactors that are used for electricity production, heat generation, or maritim ...

. The

General Atomics General Atomics (GA) is an American energy and defense corporation headquartered in San Diego, California, that specializes in research and technology development. This includes physics research in support of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion en ...

TRIGA TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) is a class of nuclear research reactor designed and manufactured by General Atomics. The design team for TRIGA, which included Edward Teller, was led by the physicist Freeman Dyson. Design ...

Mark II reactor is rated for a nominal 250 kW thermal. The reactor was first licensed in 1966 and is expected to continue operation at least into the 2030s.Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration. Slovenian Report on Nuclear Safety. Slovenian 8th National Report as Referred in Article 5 of the Convention on Nuclear Safety. July 2019. https://podatki.gov.si/dataset/2a48d29a-8323-4961-80f8-f04dc23e88d5/resource/55ed566b-2b35-4117-927a-7f80ed8334fa/download/sloveniacns2020final.pdf The Central Radioactive Waste Storage of Slovenia is co-located at the institute's reactor facility. This facility is used for storage of the low and intermediate level solid radioactive waste from the Podgorica Reactor Center and other, non-institute small waste producers such as medical, research, and industrial applications of ionising radiation.

Selection of online services from the institute

*
VideoLectures.Net
Collection of videos of scientific events
AnswerArt
Question Answering system
SearchPoint
Contextual Web Search

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Jozef Stefan Institute Research institutes in Slovenia Biochemistry research institutes Organizations established in 1949 Physics research institutes Biological research institutes Energy research institutes Environmental research institutes Computer science institutes Nuclear research institutes Vič District Scientific organizations in Ljubljana 1949 establishments in Slovenia