Jozef Cíger-Hronský

Jozef Cíger-Hronský (born Jozef Cíger; 23 February 1896 – 13 July 1960) was a Slovak writer, teacher, publicist, later secretary and chair of the Matica slovenská.

Life

Early life

Jofez Cíger was born in 1896 into a central Slovak family of carpenters in Zvolen. He had six siblings. He attended schools in Zvolen (1902–07) and Krupina (1907–10). As a young man, he wanted to pursue career in painting but due to insistence of his parents to train in a more secure profession, he finished his education at a Hungarian teacher school in Levice (1910–14).

Literary career

After graduation, Cíger worked as a techer a teacher at various places, with the interruption of 1917–18, when he was sent to the Italian Front in the World War I. After he returned from the front, he started publishing short novellas and later novels under the name Jozef Cíger-Hronský. His Jozef Mak, Pisár Gráč and Andreas Búr Majster are considered by critics to be a part of the canon of Slovak realist prose. A distinct trait of Hronský's prosaic writing was that his main characters are typically completely average, ordinary people with no specific skills or aspirations. In addition to novels, Cíger-Hronský also wrote widely popular stories for children, including Smelý zajko (1930), Smelý zajko v Afrike (1931), Budkáčik a Dubkáčik (1932). He was also active as an editor of the magazine ''Slniečko'' (from 1928 until 1945), which focused on publishing high quality literature for children.

Involvement with fascism and emigration

In 1933 Cíger-Hronský became a secretary of the Matica slovenská and later in 1940 a chair, a position he held until 1945. In this function, he acted as an ardent supporter of the fascist Slovak People's Party, the regime under its rule and its alignment with Nazi Germany. He was a staunch critic of the Slovak National Uprising, particularly after being briefly held captive by the resistance fighters.

After the war, Cíger-Hronský fled out together with other representatives of the fascist regime Austria, later Italy and finally settled in Argentina, where he worked as a designer in a textile factory. There, he established the Matica slovenská Abroad (''Zahraničná Matica slovenská'') and was a chairman of the Slovak National Council abroad and an honorary chairman of the Association of Slovak Writers and Artists Abroad.

Death

Hronský died on 13 July 1960 in Luján at the age of 64. After the Velvet Revolution, his remains were repatriated to Slovakia and later reburied at the National Cemetery in Martin in 1993.

Controvery

Entanglement with fascism and antisemitism

While Cíger-Hronský did not hold any official post in the government, he was an important figure of the propaganda effort of the First Slovak Republic. In his novel, ''The World on Quagmire'', Cíger-Hronský glorifyied the fascist ideology. In 1944 he joined the interior minister and chief architect of anti-Jewish legislation in Slovakia, Alexander Mach, for a promotion tour around Slovakkia. As the chair of Matica slovenská, Cíger-Hronskýrequired all job applicants to prove their "Aryan origin". Furthermore, the employees commonly wore Hlinka Guard uniform and a historical photograph documents Nazi salute was used by collaborators to greet Cíger-Hronský.

In January 1941 Hronský filled a complaint to the government that the local printing press used by Matica still belonged to its Jewish owner, resulting in him "earning money never before". Cíger-Hronský demanded the ownership of the printing press to be promptly transferred to Matica. This demand was swiftly granted.

Legacy

Memorial plaques dedicated to Hronský have been installed in various Slovak cities, including Martin, Zvolen, Krupina and Šaľa. School named after Hronský include elementary schools in Krupina and Šaľa and grammar school in Vrútky. In 1996, the National Bank of Slovakia issued a memorial coin, commemorating 100th anniversary of Hronský's birth.

Works

Hronský was writing as a realistic author, but under expressionist influence.

Prose

Drama (comedies)

*1926 - ''Firma Moor'' ("Moor Company")
*1929 - ''Červený trojuholník'' ("A red triangle")
*1929 - ''Návrat'' ("Comeback")

Children's literature

External links

Jozef Cíger-Hronský at Osobnosti.sk

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hronsky, Jozef Ciger
1896 births
1960 deaths
People from Zvolen
Slovak short story writers
Slovak children's writers
Burials at National Cemetery in Martin
Slovak schoolteachers
Czechoslovak emigrants to Argentina
Slovak Nazi propagandists
Fascist propagandists