José Sebastião de Almeida Neto (8 February 1841 – 7 December 1920) was a

Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...

of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

and

Patriarch of Lisbon The Patriarch of Lisbon (, ), also called the Cardinal-Patriarch of Lisbon once he has been made cardinal, is the ordinary bishop of the Archdiocese of Lisbon. He is one of the few patriarchs in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, along wi ...

Early life

José Sebastião de Almeida Neto was born on 8 February 1841 in

Lagos Lagos ( ; ), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria. With an upper population estimated above 21 million dwellers, it is the largest city in Nigeria, the most populous urban area on the African continent, and on ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

, the son of Raimundo José Neto, a veteran of the

Peninsular War The Peninsular War (1808–1814) was fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French ...

, and his wife Lucy Catherine de Almeida. He was educated at the

Seminary A seminary, school of theology, theological college, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called seminarians) in scripture and theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as cle ...

of Faro and received the sub-diaconate on 20 September 1862 and the

diaconate A deacon is a member of the diaconate, an office in Christian churches that is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. Major Christian denominations, such as the Catholi ...

on 21 May 1864.

Priesthood

He was ordained on 1 April 1865. Neto entered the Order of Friars Minor Discalced on 15 August 1875, adopting the name of Joseph of the Sacred Heart, but continued to work in the parish church of St. Sebastian until 1879, upon his bishopric appointment.

Episcopate

He was nominated as Bishop of ''Angola e Congo'' by Luís I of Portugal on 30 July 1879, the Pope confirmed him on 22 September of that year, but was not consecrated until 18 April of the following year, in St. Julian Church, Lisbon, by

Gaetano Aloisi Masella Gaetano Aloisi Masella (30 September 1826 – 22 November 1902) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1887 and served as Prefect of the Congregation of Rites from 1899 until his death. Bi ...

, Apostolic Nuncio to Portugal. Aires Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Archbishop of Goa, and Jose Lino de Oliveira, Bishop-Emeritus of Angola. served as co-consecrators. He was nominated by the King of Portugal to the Patriarchate of Lisbon on 12 July 1883, with papal confirmation as patriarch occurring on 9 August.

Cardinalate

In accordance with tradition that the Patriarch of Lisbon be made a cardinal, Pope Leo XIII raised him to that rank in the consistory of 24 March 1884. He received his red

galero A (plural: ; from , originally connoting a helmet made of skins; cf. '' galea'') is a broad-brimmed hat with tasselated strings which was worn by clergy in the Catholic Church. Over the centuries, the red ''galero'' was restricted to use by i ...

and was assigned the titular church of Santi Apostoli on 10 June 1886. As the Patriarch of Lisbon he presided over the wedding of Prince Don Carlos with

Amélie of Orléans Dona Marie Amélie (; 28 September 1865 – 25 October 1951) was the last Queen of Portugal as the wife of Carlos I of Portugal. She was regent of Portugal during the absence of her husband in 1895. Early life She was the eldest daughter of Pri ...

, in the Church of St. Dominic in Lisbon on 22 May 1886. He participated in the

conclave of 1903 A conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to appoint the pope of the Catholic Church. Catholics consider the pope to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and the earthly head of the Catholic Church. Concerns around po ...

that elected

Pope Pius X Pope Pius X (; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing Modernism in the Catholic Church, modern ...

. In November 1907 Neto resigned and retired to a convent of his order. Due to religious persecution with the deployment of the first Republic he fled to Spain and as of 30 May 1913, was residing in the convent of Villarino of Ramallosa. On 4 September 1913, at

Sigmaringen Castle Sigmaringen Castle () was the princely castle and seat of government for the Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Situated in the Swabian ''Alb'' region of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, this castle dominates the skyline of the town of Sigmar ...

, he conducted the marriage of the exiled King

Manuel II of Portugal Dom (title), Dom Manuel II (Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha e Bragança; 15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932), sometimes known as Manuel the Unfortunate () or ...

(whom he had baptized, and given first communion and confirmation) and Manuel's second cousin,

Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern (; 19 August 1890 – 29 August 1966) was the daughter of William, Prince of Hohenzollern, and Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. In 1913, she married the deposed King Manuel II of Portugal. Aft ...

Death and funeral

He died at 1:30 AM on 7 December 1920 in Villarino, near

Seville Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

. On 9 December, his body was transferred to Tui, Galicia, where it arrived at 05:00. The body was received by Bishop Manuel Lago de Tuy, several canons of the cathedral chapter and the Franciscan community of the ''Colegio de San Antonio''. The coffin was placed on a catafalque in the middle of the cathedral. On 10 December, at 11 am, Mass of requiem was solemnly sung by Don Manuel Vieira de Matos,

Archbishop of Braga The Archdiocese of Braga () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Portugal. It is known for its use of the Rite of Braga, a use of the liturgy distinct from the Roman Rite and other Latin liturgical ...

King Alfonso XIII Alfonso XIII ( Spanish: ''Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena''; French: ''Alphonse Léon Ferdinand Marie Jacques Isidore Pascal Antoine de Bourbon''; 17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also ...

of Spain ordered military honors for the Cardinal. After the Mass, the bishop of Tui delivered the funeral oration. The remains were buried in the crypt of the chapel of San Telmo, the tomb of the bishops of Tui. On 28 April 1928, the body was exhumed and solemnly translated to Lisbon, where he was buried on 30 April at the tomb of the patriarchs of the

Monastery of São Vicente de Fora The Church and Monastery of São Vicente de Fora, meaning "Monastery of St. Vincent Outside the Walls", is a 17th-century church and monastery in the city of Lisbon, Portugal. It is one of the most important monasteries and mannerist buildings in ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Almeida Neto, Jose Sebastiao de 1841 births People from Lagos, Portugal 1920 deaths 20th-century Portuguese cardinals Archbishops of Lisbon 19th-century Portuguese cardinals Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII Roman Catholic bishops of Luanda Bishops appointed by Pope Leo XII